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Articles 1 - 30 of 128
Full-Text Articles in Food Science
The Cost Of Affordable Food, Candice L. Cobuzzi
The Cost Of Affordable Food, Candice L. Cobuzzi
SURGE
When someone puts a piece of food in front of me, I don’t just see a piece of food.
Instead, I see an innocent cow being cornered by a forklift and slaughtered, its limp, moist tissue hung on a long conveyer belt with hundreds of others.
I see hundreds of chemically-injected chickens packed into a dark barn with no hope of seeing sunlight in their lifetime.
I see immigrants pulled from their houses like criminals, taken away from the lives they’ve spent years building for themselves and their families, working for the same food company that courted them into the …
Northwest Arkansas Consumer Perceptions Of Poultry Production, Stuart Estes
Northwest Arkansas Consumer Perceptions Of Poultry Production, Stuart Estes
Agricultural Education, Communications and Technology Undergraduate Honors Theses
Poultry production holds an important place in Arkansas economically and as a food source. The importance of poultry production ultimately hinges on the demands of the consumers and the perceptions that drive their purchases. With this in mind, this study surveyed consumers to assess their perceptions of poultry production in Arkansas. The instrument used to survey consumers was created by the researcher and an expert committee at the University of Arkansas. Consumers were interviewed through direct communication at grocery stores in northwest Arkansas. Data gathered from the study were analyzed for descriptive and correlational statistics. Data showed that consumers were …
Our Gendered Food Chain, Jasmine T. Colahan
Our Gendered Food Chain, Jasmine T. Colahan
SURGE
Over the past four decades, the number of women-operated farms has nearly doubled. Including both primary and secondary operators, one million women make up thirty percent of all U.S. farmers.
Headlines such as “Females Take the Reins,” “Meet the New face of Agriculture,” “Old McDonald Might Be a Lady” demonstrate this gender shift. And, it is true in my life too. As I worked on the Painted Turtle Farm this summer, the majority of my role models, co-workers, and mentors working in agriculture, whether rural or urban, were primarily women. [excerpt]
Uncovering The Molecular Link Between Mir156.Spl15 And Carotenoid Accumulation In Arabidopsis, Davood Emami Meybodi
Uncovering The Molecular Link Between Mir156.Spl15 And Carotenoid Accumulation In Arabidopsis, Davood Emami Meybodi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases (CCDs) are an enzyme family that cleaves specific double bonds in carotenoids. MicroR156 in Arabidopsis regulates a network of genes by repressing 10 SPL genes, among which, SPL15 was found to regulate shoot branching and carotenoid accumulation. The expression of CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, CCD8, NCED2, NCED3, NCED5, NCED6, NCED9 and SPL15 was evaluated in siliques at 10 days post anthesis and in 10-day-old roots in Arabidopsis wild type, sk156 (miR156 overexpression mutant), RS105 (miR156 overexpression line), spl15 (SPL15 knockout mutant) and two 35S:SPL15 lines. Results showed that most of CCD/NCED genes were …
Growing South Dakota (Fall 2013), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences
Growing South Dakota (Fall 2013), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences
Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)
[Page] 2 Crop Watchers: Plant Science Department Research Efforts Strive To Enhance Farming Practices
[Page] 5 Profiles In Leadership: David Wright; Collegiate Leadership Matters
[Page] 6 Fall Collegiate News
[Page] 8 Opportunities To Explore: College’s Summer Camps Help Spark Career Interests
[Page] 10 Collaborative Campaign: Sales Of Cull Cows Helping Fund New SDSU Cow-Calf Facility
[Page] 12 Notable
[Page] 13 A Message From The SDSU Foundation
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine August 2013
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine August 2013
Agricultural Research Magazine
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Magazine
5601 Sunnyside Ave.
Beltsville, MD 20705-5128
Prescription For Curing Citrus Greening, Dennis O’Brien, Yongping Duan
Prescription For Curing Citrus Greening, Dennis O’Brien, Yongping Duan
Agricultural Research Magazine
Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is the most serious threat to the Florida citrus industry in its history and is costing millions of dollars each year. Working with the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Yongping Duan and his Agricultural Research Service colleagues in Fort Pierce, Florida, have found a formula for curbing HLB, offering the industry a glimmer of hope.
Duan has published details of work showing that heating potted citrus seedlings in greenhouses kills off the HLB bacterium and can rid the seedlings of citrus greening symptoms. Monitoring efforts show that the benefit can last for …
Early Weaning: A Good Bet For Beef Producers In Drought-Stricken Areas, R.C. Waterman, Sandra Avant
Early Weaning: A Good Bet For Beef Producers In Drought-Stricken Areas, R.C. Waterman, Sandra Avant
Agricultural Research Magazine
At the beginning of 2013, cattle-ranchers in the Northern Plains were among U.S. agricultural producers still feeling the lingering effects of the sweltering 2012 drought, the worst in half a century.
Beef cow numbers were at the lowest in 50 years as U.S. beef producers—severely affected by extended drought—tried to recover from some of the driest months on record.
Across the Northern and Southern Plains, beef producers hit the hardest by drought are threatened by limited forage resources for cows, which restricts calf growth, resulting in lighter calf weaning weights. In addition, drought can decrease cow body weight and condition …
Scientific Works Of Art Reveal A Hidden World, Gary Bauchan, Jan Suszkiw
Scientific Works Of Art Reveal A Hidden World, Gary Bauchan, Jan Suszkiw
Agricultural Research Magazine
It has been said that a picture is worth a thousand words, and at the Agricultural Research Service’s Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit (ECMU) in Beltsville, Maryland, this adage couldn’t be more true. Led by unit director Gary Bauchan, the ECMU is tasked with producing highresolution images that provide a window to the extraordinary world of the unseen.
“We have observed viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, mites, and parasites that threaten global food security, and we’ve contributed to the discovery of how pathogens spread by helping elucidate their relationship to the environment, hosts, and vectors,” says Bauchan. “We’ve also described …
Novel Ways To Combat Plant Pathogens, Deborah Fravel, Gail C. Wisler
Novel Ways To Combat Plant Pathogens, Deborah Fravel, Gail C. Wisler
Agricultural Research Magazine
Plant diseases must be managed to successfully and reliably produce crops to meet humanity’s growing food, fiber, feed, and fuel needs. Plant disease management relies on many different types of tools—from disease-resistant plant varieties and pesticides to cultural and biological strategies. Agricultural Research Service scientists are seeking new methods of managing plant diseases, more efficient means of using older methods, and combinations of these methods. Two of the oldest ways of reducing plant diseases are crop rotation and organic amendments to soil.
In Orono, Maine, for example, ARS scientists are evaluating a holistic approach to suppressing soilborne pathogens of potato, …
Possible Links Between Soil Microbial Communities And Stroke Risk, Ann Perry
Possible Links Between Soil Microbial Communities And Stroke Risk, Ann Perry
Agricultural Research Magazine
“A big part of our Agricultural Research Service culture is cross-talking with outside researchers,” says ARS soil and water scientist Patrick Hunt. “Partnerships are what we do.”
So one day in 2011, Hunt called Medical University of South Carolina professor Daniel Lackland to discuss a paper Lackland had published about stroke risk in the state. South Carolina is part of the U.S. “Stroke Belt,” where residents have a significantly higher incidence of stroke than the rest of the U.S. population. South Carolina counties with the highest rates of stroke—between 89 and 115 cases per 100,000 residents—are found within the Southern …
Fungal Foam Tested Against Avocado Threat, Jan Suszkiw
Fungal Foam Tested Against Avocado Threat, Jan Suszkiw
Agricultural Research Magazine
Avocados aren’t just nutritional powerhouses; they’re also the chief ingredient in such party favorites as guacamole dip.
More than 99 percent of the nation’s $322 million avocado crop is grown in south Florida and southern California (less than 1 percent is produced in Hawaii), which makes recent infestations of groves there by invasive, wood-boring ambrosia beetles so alarming. A host of counter strategies are in the works, including a biobased foam originally developed by Agricultural Research Service scientists for use against Formosan subterranean termites.
In Miami-Dade County, Florida, avocado growers are contending with Xyleborus glabratus, the redbay ambrosia beetle. …
Fire Ant Venom Compounds May Be Useful As A Fungicide, Jan Suszkiw, Jian Chen, Xixuan Jin
Fire Ant Venom Compounds May Be Useful As A Fungicide, Jan Suszkiw, Jian Chen, Xixuan Jin
Agricultural Research Magazine
Red imported fire ants are named for the firelike burn of their sting. Now, the same venom that packs such a painful wallop may actually do some good for a change.
Studies by scientists at the Agricultural Research Service’s Biological Control of Pests Research Unit in Stoneville, Mississippi, have shown that certain alkaloid compounds in the venom—namely, piperideines and piperidines—can hinder growth of Pythium ultimum, a top crop pathogen worldwide.
Chemical controls, delayed plantings, and crop rotation are among methods now used against P. ultimum, which causes damping-off diseases that decay the seed or seedlings of vegetable, horticultural, …
August 2013- Locations Featured In This Magazine Issue
August 2013- Locations Featured In This Magazine Issue
Agricultural Research Magazine
Albany, California
9 research units ■ 241 employees
San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California
3 research units ■ 125 employees
Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, Idaho
1 research unit ■ 18 employees
Tucson, Arizona
2 research units ■ 54 employees
U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, Idaho
1 research unit ■ 10 employees
Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, Montana
1 research unit ■ 25 employees
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska
6 research units ■ 117 employees
Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, Oklahoma
2 research units ■ 43 employees
National …
Ars Validates Soil Moisture Data Collected Via Satellite, Ann Perry
Ars Validates Soil Moisture Data Collected Via Satellite, Ann Perry
Agricultural Research Magazine
The European Space Agency’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission includes the latest advance in using Earth-orbiting satellites for estimating soil moisture across the globe. The SMOS satellite was launched in 2009 and was designed to estimate soil moisture levels to within 4 percent, which is like measuring a teaspoon of water in a handful of dry soil.
To capture this data, SMOS uses a new sensor technology that is the first passive L-band system—measuring microwave radiation emitted around the frequency of 1.4 gigahertz—in routine operation. But the accuracy of the information collected by this new technology still needs …
New Strategies To Thwart Pecan Scab, Sharon Durham
New Strategies To Thwart Pecan Scab, Sharon Durham
Agricultural Research Magazine
Pecans are great for eating out of the shell or in a myriad of recipes. But abundant pickings of high-quality nuts are only possible if the tree escapes the devastating disease called “pecan scab.” Caused by the fungus Fusicladium effusum, it is the most destructive disease of pecan in the southeastern United States. When scab is severe, most often when rainfall is above average, nut size is reduced, and total crop loss might occur.
Scientists at the Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory in Byron, Georgia, are working to help pecan growers mitigate the effect of pecan scab. …
Screening Fresh Oranges With Uv Study Pinpoints New Value Of Detection Tactic, David M. Obenland, Joseph L. Smilanick, Marcia Wood
Screening Fresh Oranges With Uv Study Pinpoints New Value Of Detection Tactic, David M. Obenland, Joseph L. Smilanick, Marcia Wood
Agricultural Research Magazine
Fresh, deliciously sweet navel oranges, on display at your local supermarket, may have been quickly inspected with ultraviolet (UV) light when they were still at the packinghouse. Usually, the purpose of this special sorting and screening is to see if circular spots—which glow a bright, fluorescent yellow and may be about the size of a quarter or larger—show up on the fruit’s peel.
More often than not, these spots, which scientists refer to as “lesions,” are telltale indicators of the presence of microbes that cause decay, namely Penicillium italicum, responsible for blue mold, or P. digitatum, the culprit …
Agricultural Research Magazine August 2013
Agricultural Research Magazine August 2013
Agricultural Research Magazine
Table of Contents
4 Prescription for Curing Citrus Greening: Apply Heat and Wait
7 Screening Fresh Oranges With UV: Study Pinpoints New Value of Detection Tactic
8 Breed Matters: Selecting Rams for Rangeland Production
10 Scientific Works of Art Reveal a Hidden World
13 ARS Validates Soil Moisture Data Collected Via Satellite
14 New Strategies To Thwart Pecan Scab
15 Fire Ant Venom Compounds May Be Useful as a Fungicide
16 Possible Links Between Soil Microbial Communities and Stroke Risk
18 Early Weaning: A Good Bet for Beef Producers in Drought-Stricken Areas
20 Fungal Foam Tested Against Avocado Threat
21 …
Storage Technique Preserves Citrus, Kills Pathogens, Gayle Volk, Jan Suszkiw
Storage Technique Preserves Citrus, Kills Pathogens, Gayle Volk, Jan Suszkiw
Agricultural Research Magazine
Americans consume about 84 pounds of fresh and processed citrus per person each year, with oranges topping the list at 61 pounds annually. The availability of these favored fruits in grocery stores, fresh markets, and other consumer outlets is a testament to growers’ success in managing the ever-present threat of pests and diseases to the nation’s $3.4 billion citrus crop (2011-12), most of which is produced in Florida and California.
A major threat is citrus greening disease, also known as “Huanglongbing.” First detected in Florida in August 2005, citrus greening today is the target of a multifaceted effort by federal, …
Detecting Deadly Colonies Of E. Coli, Rosalie Marion Bliss
Detecting Deadly Colonies Of E. Coli, Rosalie Marion Bliss
Agricultural Research Magazine
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroup O157:H7 has long been associated with severe forms of foodborne illnesses. But these bacterial bad guys have many cousins, and six other STEC groups have also been linked to serious illnesses and outbreaks of disease.
In 2011, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) announced a regulation that, as of June 2012, certain beef products that test positive for any of these six groups, nicknamed the “Big Six,” would be banned from being sold for public consumption. As USDA’s regulatory arm, FSIS employs inspectors who collect meat samples on the front …
Current Challenges Can Help Fuel Future Opportunities, Jeffrey J. Steiner
Current Challenges Can Help Fuel Future Opportunities, Jeffrey J. Steiner
Agricultural Research Magazine
Native juniper trees and invasive plants pose an expanding threat to the survival of the sagebrush ecosystem in arid western rangelands. As the trees mature, they compete with other native plants that are valuable food sources for wildlife and cattle. After these plants die back, the bare patches of soil that remain are vulnerable to erosion and encroachment from other species like cheatgrass, an invasive nonnative annual that fuels wildfires.
Wildfires threaten livestock ranches, are suppressed in large part by efforts funded with taxpayer dollars, and increase the probability that invasive plants will spread and thrive in the postfire landscape. …
Better French Fries: Technique Helps Lower Fat, Zhongli Pan, Marcia Wood
Better French Fries: Technique Helps Lower Fat, Zhongli Pan, Marcia Wood
Agricultural Research Magazine
No doubt about it. Americans love French fries.
But fries soak up a lot of oil while they’re turning a perfect golden brown in the deep-fat fryer.
Agricultural Research Service scientist Zhongli Pan and colleagues have tackled the challenge of lowering some of the fat from this favorite side order without skimping on the fries’ delicious taste and texture or their pleasing appearance and aroma. Their idea? After potatoes are peeled and sliced into strips, and just before the raw strips are dunked in the fryer, prep them with 3 minutes of infrared (IR) heat—just like that created in home …
Fungi Can Be Friends Or Foes, Amy Rossman, Jo Anne Crouch, Shannon Dominick, Sharon Durham
Fungi Can Be Friends Or Foes, Amy Rossman, Jo Anne Crouch, Shannon Dominick, Sharon Durham
Agricultural Research Magazine
Fungi are a large and diverse group of organisms. Some fungi, like mushrooms, are edible and considered crops. Others, however, can cause serious diseases of crop and forest plants, and those diseases can have negative effects on local and international economies as well as on the supply of food and other materials that agriculture provides.
The Agricultural Research Service maintains a unique resource—the U.S. National Fungus Collections—for helpful and detailed information about fungi. Accurate knowledge of fungi is critical for controlling the diseases they cause.
North America’s Largest Fungarium
In 1869, the Smithsonian Institution transferred its fungal collection to the …
Measuring The Feeding Behavior Of Livestock, T. M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, Sandra Avant
Measuring The Feeding Behavior Of Livestock, T. M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, Sandra Avant
Agricultural Research Magazine
Determining how much time animals spend eating could help animal caretakers identify sick livestock, improve management, and establish genetic differences within a herd. But first, a system is needed to monitor animal feeding behavior.
Scientists at the Agricultural Research Service’s Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center in Clay Center, Nebraska, have developed a new system to monitor feeding behavior of feedlot cattle and grow-finish swine in a livestock industry setting.
The system, created by agricultural engineers Tami Brown-Brandl and Roger Eigenberg in the center’s Environmental Management Research Unit, uses standard radio-frequency identification technology designed around a commercial reader. …
Agricultural Research Magazine, July 2013
Agricultural Research Magazine, July 2013
Agricultural Research Magazine
Table of Contents
4 Turning Trees Into Fighter Fuels
8 Tools for Tracking Troublesome Trees
10 Better Maps Mean Better Rangeland Management
12 New, Improved Codling Moth Lures Available
13 New Strawberry Species Found in Oregon
14 Measuring the Feeding Behavior of Livestock
15 Savvy Seed Sorter Gains New Fans
16 Fungi Can Be Friends or Foes
18 Detecting Deadly Colonies of E. coli
20 Storage Technique Preserves Citrus, Kills Pathogens
22 Better French Fries: Technique Helps Lower Fat
23 Locations Featured in This Magazine Issue
July 2013- Locations Featured In This Magazine Issue
July 2013- Locations Featured In This Magazine Issue
Agricultural Research Magazine
The Agricultural Research Service has about 100 labs all over the country.
Locations Featured in This Magazine Issue
Albany, California 9 research units ■ 241 employees
Corvallis, Oregon 3 research units ■ 127 employees
Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, Reno, Nevada 1 research unit ■ 19 employees
U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California 2 research units ■ 39 employees
Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, Washington 1 research unit ■ 57 employees
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon 1 research unit ■ 27 employees
Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, Idaho 1 research unit ■ 18 employees
Tucson, Arizona 2 research units …
New, Improved Codling Moth Lures Available, David Nicholson, Jan Suszkiw
New, Improved Codling Moth Lures Available, David Nicholson, Jan Suszkiw
Agricultural Research Magazine
New lures that entice codling moths with the scent of food and a possible mate are available for use in monitoring this orchard pest and controlling it with carefully timed applications of insecticide. The research related to the development and use of the lures involved scientists Alan Knight and Peter Landolt at the Agricultural Research Service’s Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory in Wapato, Washington, and Douglas Light at the ARS Western Regional Research Center in Albany, California.
As larvae, codling moths are major pests of apples, pears, and walnuts. Historically, growers have sprayed their orchards with insecticide to prevent the pinkish-white, …
Better Maps Mean Better Rangeland Management, Brandon Bestelmeyer, Ann Perry
Better Maps Mean Better Rangeland Management, Brandon Bestelmeyer, Ann Perry
Agricultural Research Magazine
Land managers are always hoping for the next best thing to help them figure out where they should spend their time and money restoring and maintaining healthy rangelands. Now Agricultural Research Service rangeland ecologist Brandon Bestelmeyer has one of the answers—an ecological-state map that identifies where rangeland is holding its own, where it could respond to restoration efforts, or where it’s already past the point of no return.
“We wanted to find a way to turn existing field-level rangeland assessments into broader tools for comprehensively managing larger landscapes,” says Bestelmeyer, who works at the ARS Jornada Experimental Range in Las …
Savvy Seed Sorter Gains New Fans, Thomas C. Pearson, Marcia Wood
Savvy Seed Sorter Gains New Fans, Thomas C. Pearson, Marcia Wood
Agricultural Research Magazine
Simple, swift, and comparatively inexpensive, a color-image-based seed sorter is helping plant breeders and others separate the seeds they want from those they don’t—with an impressive degree of accuracy.
Agricultural Research Service agricultural engineer Thomas C. Pearson, based at the agency’s Center for Grain and Animal Health Research in Manhattan, Kansas, developed the sorter in collaboration with National Manufacturing in Lincoln, Nebraska. The company has marketed the device to customers in the United States and abroad since 2010.
In tests, the compact, portable sorter— a simpler and faster version of other machine-vision equipment that Pearson developed in 2009—speedily differentiated kernels …
New Strawberry Species Found In Oregon, Kim E. Hummer, Sharon Durham
New Strawberry Species Found In Oregon, Kim E. Hummer, Sharon Durham
Agricultural Research Magazine
A recently discovered wild strawberry species provides new genetic material for plant research and, in the future, might also provide a new class of commercial strawberries.
Agricultural Research Service scientist Kim Hummer, with the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Corvallis, Oregon, found the new species during several plant collection expeditions in the high peaks of Oregon’s Cascade Mountains. She named it Fragaria cascadensis.
The find was reported in the Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.
The new strawberry is endemic to the Oregon Cascades, hence its specific name, F. cascadensis. It is perennial, with …