Food Science Commons^™

Betty Bender, Betty Bender, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Betty Bender, a native of Kentucky, was educated at the University of Kentucky, the University of Montana, and Duke University. After working in Massachusetts and Indiana, Bender married and moved to Dayton, OH, and worked for the Dayton School System for thirty years. While there she earned her master’s in Food Management. Betty was ASFSA President in 1983-84.

Sylvia Elam And Paul Mcelwain, Sylvia Elam, Paul Mcelwain, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Sylvia Elam’s involvement with the child nutrition profession goes back over thirty years. She is a native Kentuckian and holds an undergraduate degree in Home Economics from Morehead State University, with graduate work in Education. As a home economist she has worked in business and also taught at the secondary level. In the early 1970s she began work for the Kentucky Department of Education as a consultant in child nutrition. Since that time she has held various positions within the department from consultant all the way up to Assistant Director of Nutrition Services. She is now retired.

Paul McElwain has …

A Multi-State Molecular Epidemiological Survey Of 16 Beef, Dairy, Poultry And Swine Farms To Facilitate Risk Assessment Of Listeria Monocytogenes, David Dean Rasmussen

Doctoral Dissertations

Listeria monocytogenes s an intracellular pathogen that poses serious risks for immuno-compromised individuals. On the farm risk assessment is needed to reduce exposure of such individuals to this pathogen. Base line epidemiological surveys for this pathogen are needed to identify common ecological reservoirs and sources. A 21 month survey of 4 animal farm types for L. monocytogenes in five different states was conducted to determine the level of occurrence in various environments. An overall occurrence of 1.4% (20/1432 samples) for L. monocytogenes was observed in this 21 month survey. Each sample type (soil, bedding/litter, feed/grass and animal rectal swabs) produced …

Antimicrobial Activity And Effect Of Selected Essential Oil Components On Cell Membrane Lipids, Valerie W. Ling

Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil components (EOC) against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes and evaluate changes in bacterial membrane composition by observing changes in the fatty acids of Salmonella associated with exposure and adaptation to (or growth in the presence of) cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and carvacrol (CRV) EOC. Ten EOC were tested for efficacy using the broth microdilution and macrodilution methods. Beta-caryophyllene, limonene, alpha-pinene, and thymol were not lethal to Salmonella and Listeria at 2800mg/L. Dose-response models showed that the most effective EOC against Salmonella were CIN and CRV (50% probability of …

Rene Weber, Rene Weber, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Rene Weber became Director of Lunch Program for the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1978, after working as a teacher for eleven years, and remained in this position for 22.5 years, starting with five schools and ending with 119. An active member of both the Ohio School Food Service Association and American School Food Service Association, she served as Legislative Chair for Ohio for eighteen years and three terms on the National Advisory Council for the USDA.

Physicochemical And Antimicrobial Properties Of Antimicrobials Encapsulated In Surfactant-Based Nanoparticles, Sylvia Gaysinksy Segura

Masters Theses

Phytophenols, components of essential oil extracts, are antimicrobials that may inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens. However, their antimicrobial activity in food systems is low because of low water solubility and association with other food components. Incorporation of phytophenols in nanoscale surfactant micelles may offer a potential solution to increase solubility and improve activity in food systems. The objectives of this study were to determine the stability and physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of micellar antimicrobial-surfactant systems.

Carvacrol and eugenol containing micelles were prepared by dispersing Surfynol^® 485W and Surfynol^® 465 in water at room temperature. Stability was determined …

Occurrence Of Escherichia Coli0157:H7 In Diverse Farm Environments In Five States, Carl Andrew Doane

Masters Theses

In the United States, foodborne outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 illness have often been linked to the consumption of contaminated, undercooked ground beef. However, the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in other animals has also been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle, swine, poultry, and farm environments. Environmental samples (n=576) and fecal swab samples (n=1686) from sixteen locations in the U.S. were collected over 22 months. Overall, in fecal swabs E. coli O157:H7 was positive (serologically confirmed) in 4.7% of beef cattle (n = 408), 3.9% of dairy cattle …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Trypsin And Pepsin Hydrolysates Derived From Acid-Precipitated Bovine Casein, Kellie Parks Burris

Masters Theses

Foodborne pathogens are a major concern to the food industry and consumers but they may be controlled with antimicrobials. Naturally occurring antimicrobials may be isolated from a variety of plant, animal and microbial sources. Previous studies have demonstrated that peptides isolated from enzyme hydrolyzed milk proteins may have in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Such compounds could be of use as inhibitors of foodborne pathogens. The objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes of digests of bovine acid-precipitated casein with the enzymes pepsin and trypsin and to determine if these …

Measurements Of Fitness And Competition In Commensal Escherichia Coli And E. Coli O157:H7 Strains, Lisa M. Durso, David R. Smith, Robert W. Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Although the main reservoirs for pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 are cattle and the cattle environment, factors that affect its tenure in the bovine host and its survival outside humans and cattle have not been well studied. It is also not understood what physiological properties, if any, distinguish these pathogens from commensal counterparts that live as normal members of the human and bovine gastrointestinal tracts. To address these questions, individual and competitive fitness experiments, indirect antagonism assays, and antibiotic resistance and carbon utilization analyses were conducted using a strain set consisting of 122 commensal and pathogenic strains. The individual fitness experiments, …

Sue Greig, Sue Greig, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Sue Greig is a native of Arkansas. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Education and Nutrition and a master’s degree in Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Management and in Dietetics. She and her husband moved to Manhattan, Kansas, in 1951. Greig worked in housing and food service at Kansas State University for 13 years and then served as Food Service Director for Manhattan Kansas Schools until her retirement in the 1990s. She served as President of the American School Food Service Association in 1991-1992.

Sharon Gibson Barksdale, Sharon Gibson Barksdale, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Sharon Gibson Barksdale grew up on a working farm in Calloway County, Missouri. She attended the University of Missouri at Columbia where she earned a bachelor’s degree in Home Economics. After teaching briefly she went on to serve for twenty-seven years as Director of School Food Services for Columbia, Missouri. She has been active in the Missouri School Food Service Association and also in the American School Food Service Association, serving as President from 1985 – 1986.

The Role Of Optimal Healing Environments In The Management Of Childhood Obesity, Marjorie Freedman, Judith Stern

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased steadily over the past three decades such that obesity is now a major worldwide pediatric health risk factor. Pediatric obesity is associated with significant health problems, and is an important early risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality. This paper focuses on the role and components of optimal healing environments (OHEs) that may be useful in the management of childhood obesity: healing intention, healing relationships, health promotion and disease prevention, and healing spaces. Diet, physical activity, and behavior modification strategies used in the treatment of childhood obesity are also reviewed.

Eleanor Pratt, Eleanor Pratt, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Eleanor Pratt began her career in the child nutrition profession as food service director for Clarksville, Tennessee, schools in 1957. With a master’s degree in Home Economics she went on in 1960 to a career with the USDA Southeast Regional Office as Home Economist. She retired thirty-four years later in 1994. Ms. Pratt died at the age of 88 on August 18, 2014.

Mary Nix, Mary Nix, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Mary Nix grew up in Gordon County, Georgia during the late 1930s and 1940s. She started work in the School Lunch Program in the ninth grade, washing pots and pans at her high school. After graduating she went on to become School Food Service Supervisor for Gordon County, and later, after graduating from the University of Georgia in 1969, she became Bartow County’s first School Food Service Director. She worked for Georgia’s Department of Education for a number of years and then served as Assistant Director of School Food Services in Cobb County Georgia, where she resides. Nix was President …

Lucille Barnett, Lucille Barnett, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Lucille Barnett grew up in Union County, South Carolina, in the 1930s and 40s. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Lander University in Greenwood, South Carolina. She served as Supervisor of County and City School Food Service in Spartanburg, South Carolina, for thirty-three years. From 1973-1974 she served as American School Food Service Association President. She resides in South Carolina. See also the Lucille Barnett Photograph Collection and the Lucille Barnett Manuscript Collection.

Vivian Pilant, Vivian Pilant, Institute Of Child Nutrition

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Born in 1941, Vivian Pilant grew up in Martin, Tennessee. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Home Economics from the University of Tennessee at Martin, a master’s degree in Institution Management and a doctorate in Nutrition from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She began her career as Director of School Food Services and Nutrition Education for Weakley County, Tennessee. In August 1970, she went to work as a Coordinator of School Food Services in Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, where she remained for five years. In 1975, Dr. Pilant began work with the South Carolina Department of Education Office of School …

Overweight In Urban, Low-Income, African American And Hispanic Children Attending Los Angeles Elementary Schools: Research Stimulating Action, Wendelin M. Slusser, William G. Cumberland, Ben L. Browdy, Donna Winham, Charlotte G. Neumann

Donna Winham

Objective: This study was undertaken to establish the prevalence and severity of nutritional problems among low-income children of elementary school age in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) in order to collect baseline data to inform policy-makers. Design and methods: A cross-sectional survey of children in 14 elementary schools was conducted from January to June, 1998. Nine hundred and nineteen children were measured and interviewed. The planning, design and data analysis were carried out in collaboration with key LAUSD policy-makers. Results: More than 35% of the sample was classified as being at risk for overweight or overweight according to …

Single-Cell Microbiology: Tools, Technologies, And Applications, Byron F. Brehm-Stecher, Eric A. Johnson

Byron F. Brehm-Stecher

The field of microbiology has traditionally been concerned with and focused on studies at the population level. Information on how cells respond to their environment, interact with each other, or undergo complex processes such as cellular differentiation or gene expression has been obtained mostly by inference from population-level data. New appreciation for the existence and importance of cellular heterogeneity, coupled with recent advances in technology, has driven the development of new tools and techniques for the study of individual microbial cells. As a result, scientists have been able to characterize microorganisms and their activities at unprecedented levels of detail.

The Effects Of Selenium On Estrogen-Regulated Gene Expression In Lncap Prostate Cancer Cells, Tory L. Parker

Theses and Dissertations

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in American men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Supplementation with Se has reduced the incidence of prostate cancer and Se status is inversely correlated with prostate cancer risk. One molecular mechanism by which high Se concentrations may affect cancer risk is by catalyzing disulfide bond formation or otherwise complexing with reactive sulfhydryl groups in cellular proteins. The estrogen receptor (ER) contains cysteines in zinc (Zn) fingers that are susceptible to oxidation and internal disulfide formation, which can prevent DNA binding. We examined ER binding to its DNA response element …

Prevalence Of Potential Zoonotic Enteric Bacterial Pathogens In Dogs And Cats And Factors Associated With Potential Transmission Between Animals And Humans, Omaima Maamoun Ahmed

Masters Theses

With the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), concerns about dangers of pet ownership have increased. Zoonotic organisms associated with cats and dogs, may cause life-threatening infections in immuosuppressed human beings. The objectives of this project were to determine the prevalence of potential zoonotic enteric pathogens (Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter) in feces of dogs and cats (diarrheic, healthy, and hospitalized), to evaluate the association of diarrhea in dogs and cats with diarrhea in human beings sharing the same household, and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, Listeria …

Atmospheric Plasma Inactivation Of Foodborne Pathogens On Fresh Produce Surfaces, Faith Michelle Johnson

Masters Theses

A study was conducted to determine the effect of a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (OAUGDP) on inactivation of nalidixic acid resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes on apples, cantaloupe, and lettuce, respectively, and culture media [tryptic soy agar (TSA) + 50 ppm nalidixic acid (TSAN) for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella; TSA for L. monocytogenes). A mixture of cultured test organisms was washed, suspended in phosphate buffer and spot inoculated onto produce or culture media (6 log CFU/sample). Inoculated produce or culture media (samples) were exposed inside a chamber affixed to the …

Production And Characterization Of Fungal Chitin And Chitosan, Tao Wu

Masters Theses

Chitin is a biopolymer. Theoretically, it is a homopolymer of acetyl-glucosamine. Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitin and chitosan have many applications in water purification, agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, industrial production for chitin and chitosan is from the shell wastes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of chitin and chitosan production from fungal sources.

The accumulation of chitin and chitosan during A. bisporus storage and Aspergillus niger and Mucor. rouxii. Growth was evaluated by total glucosamine determination. Chitin and chitosan were extracted from biomass by alkali and acid treatment and yield and …

Inactivation Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 And Listeria Monocytogenes By High-Intensity Ultrasound In The Presence Of Salts, Kimberly D. Stanley

Masters Theses

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes suspended in salt solutions Na2PO4, NaCl, NaNO3, NH4Cl, CaCl2, AlCl3, and L. monocytogenes in salt solutions NaCl, NaNO3, AlCl3 at concentrations ranging from 0 to 5% (wt/vol) by high-intensity ultrasound at two different temperature conditions (ice water bath, 40ºC water bath) and three ultrasonic intensity levels (9.49, 21.83, 49.22 W/cm2) was determined. Increases in sonication treatment time, intensity and temperature led to increased lethality of both pathogens. However, cell lethality, as a function of solute concentration, varied depending upon type of salt. CaCl2, NaCl, NaNO3, NaPO4, and NH4Cl had little or no …

Molecular Weight And Degree Of Acetylation Of Ultrasonicated Chitosan, Shari Rene Baxter

Masters Theses

Chitosan is a glucosamine polymer produced by deacetylation of chitin from crustacean shells. The functional properties of chitosan, such as thickening, film-formation and antimicrobial activity, are related to its molecular weight and degree of acetylation (DA). High intensity ultrasonication has the potential to modify molecular weight of chitosan and thus alter or improve chitosan functional properties. The objective of this research was to determine the DA and molecular weight of chitosan molecules as a function of sonication intensity and treatment time.

High molecular weight shrimp chitosan was purified by alkaline precipitation and dialysis from aqueous solution. A 1 % (w/v) …

Dna Sequence Analysis Of Regions Surrounding BlaCmy-2 From Multiple Salmonella Plasmid Backbones, W.P. Giles, Andrew K. Benson, M.E. Olson, Robert W. Hutkins, J.M. Whichard, P.L. Winokur, P.D. Fey

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The emergence in the United States of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g., ceftriaxone) within the salmonellae has been associated primarily with three large (>100-kb) plasmids (designated types A, B, and C) and one 10.1-kb plasmid (type D) that carry the bla_CMY-2 gene. In the present study, the distribution of these four known bla_CMY-2-carrying plasmids among 35 ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella isolates obtained from 1998 to 2001 was examined. Twenty-three of these isolates were Salmonella enterica serotype Newport, 10 were Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, 1 was Salmonella enterica serotype Agona, and 1 was Salmonella enterica serotype Reading. All 23 …

High-Intensity Ultrasound Mediated Structure-Function Changes Of Bsa As Affected By Ph, İbrahim Gülseren

Masters Theses

The influence of high intensity ultrasound on the structure-function relationship of BSA sonicated at various sonication times at neutral, acidic and basic pH was determined. Protein solutions (3 x 10^-4 M) were treated with high-intensity ultrasound at an ultrasonic intensity of 20 Wcm^-2 with treatment times ranging from 0 to 90 minutes. Changes in structure-function properties of BSA were monitored using a wide variety of biochemical and physicochemical analytical methods including interfacial tensiometry, free sulfhydryl group assays, zeta potential analysis, hydrophobicity assays, circular dichroism spectroscopy, micro DSC and FTIR. The results were attributed to mechanical and chemical changes …

Development And Characterization Of Antimicrobial Food Coatings Based On Chitosan And Essential Oils, Shuang Chi

Masters Theses

The objectives of this research were (1) to evaluate antimicrobial effects of essential oils incorporated in chitosan edible films against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7, (2) to evaluate effectiveness of the films on a meat product, (3) to characterize physical properties of chitosan films enriched with essential oils, and (4) to determine whether the addition of oregano essential oil to bologna can influence consumer liking of the product.

Anise, basil, coriander, and oregano essential oils were tested for antimicrobial activity by paper disc diffusion test with concentration of 1 to 24 ml/disc. Chitosan films incorporated with those essential oils …

Multistate Study To Determine The Presence Of Salmonella Spp. In Farm Animals And Their Environment, Andres Rodriguez Lozano

Masters Theses

Salmonella is the second most common cause of foodborne infection in the Unites States (US). It is estimated that about 1.4 million people suffer from salmonellosis a year in the US with an estimated annual cost of $2.9 billion. Human cases of salmonellosis are often related to the consumption of raw meat and unpasteurized milk and milk products. Whereas the fecal-oral contamination is well established at farm level, less in known about the role of the environment on the Salmonella survival. The objective of this study was to compare isolation of Salmonella in farm animals and their environment based on …

Receptivity For Probiotic Products Among Pre-Menopausal Female Students In An African University, Kingsley Anukam, Emmanuel Osazuwa, Gregor Reid, Melanie Katsivo

Kingsley C Anukam

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the receptivity for probiotic products among premenopausal female students in an African university. GOAL: The goal of this study was to determine the local knowledge in Nigeria of probiotics and the willingness of young women to use them should they be introduced. STUDY: Closed-ended questionnaires were administered to a sample of 280 participants and these addressed age, marital status, perceived risk of HIV infection for the next 3 years, and history of urogenital infections. The participants were also asked whether they would welcome a probiotic product in oral/vaginal form and in …

Application Of Response Surface Methodology For Studying The Product Characteristics Of Extruded Rice-Cowpea-Groundnut Blends, Emmanuel Asare, Samuel Sefa-Dedeh, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

Response surface methodology (with central composite rotatable design for k=3 was used to investigate the product properties of extruded rice-cowpea-groundnut blends in a single screw extruder. The combined effect of cowpea (0-20%), groundnut (0-10%), and feed moisture (14-48%) levels were used for formulation of the products. The product moisture, expansion ratio, bulk density and total colour change were studied using standard analytical methods. Well-expanded rice-legume blend extrudates of less bulk density and lower moisture content were produced at low feed moisture. Increasing legume addition affected the various shades of colour in the product. Models developed for the indices gave R2 …