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Entomology Commons™

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2020

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Articles 361 - 376 of 376

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Physiological Ecology Of Overwintering And Cold-Adapted Arthropods, Leslie Jean Potts Jan 2020

Physiological Ecology Of Overwintering And Cold-Adapted Arthropods, Leslie Jean Potts

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Given their abundance and diversity, arthropods are an excellent system to investigate biological responses to winter. Winter conditions are being majorly impacted by climate change, and therefore understanding the overwintering biology of arthropods is critical for predicting ecological responses to climate change. In Chapters 2 and 3, I investigate the winter biology of a winter-active wolf spider. I show that winter-active spiders can take advantage of periodic prey resources and grown in the winter, which may allow them to get a jumpstart on spring reproduction. I also investigate spiders’ ability to track changes in their environment by quantifying low temperature …

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Emerald Ash Borer Development Across A Latitudinal Gradient: Implications For Biocontrol, Sarah Pellecchia Jan 2020

Emerald Ash Borer Development Across A Latitudinal Gradient: Implications For Biocontrol, Sarah Pellecchia

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Emerald ash borer, EAB, (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is an invasive beetle that kills ash trees. It was accidentally introduced from China, and has rapidly expanded across North America, now occupying much of the eastern US. Four classical biocontrol parasitoids have been released to help mitigate its spread and impact: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang, Spathius agrili Yang, S. galinae Belokobylskij and Strazanac, and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang. These parasitoids have been deployed throughout EAB’s invaded range, but there has been limited recovery of the parasitoids from their release sites in southern states. I evaluated whether this lack of establishment might …

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The Effects Of Internal Physiology On Polyphenic Horn Development In The Dung Beetle Onthophagus Taurus, Naomi Garrett Williamson Jan 2020

The Effects Of Internal Physiology On Polyphenic Horn Development In The Dung Beetle Onthophagus Taurus, Naomi Garrett Williamson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

An organism’s phenotype can be affected in development by alterations to gene expression based on environmental inputs. Nutrition is one such environmental input and the central regulator of development of large horn or small horn phenotypes in the dung beetle species, Onthophagus taurus. However, little is known about the nature of chemical compounds that are critical to this plastic horn development. To better understand these compounds, we are utilizing an untargeted metabolomic approach as well as a targeted gene approach. Through the metabolomic approach, it was uncovered that environmental conditions tend to have a greater impact on metabolomic composition …

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High Tunnel Pest Management - Thrips, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray Jan 2020

High Tunnel Pest Management - Thrips, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes thrips, their hosts, life cycle, crop injury, monitoring, and management in high tunnels.

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The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Pear, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Pear, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

Fire blight is caused by a bacterium called Erwinia amylovora. Pears are very susceptible to fire blight. Blossoms, terminal twigs, and sometimes entire limbs or trees are killed. Environmental conditions favoring infection are warm, rainy days during bloom.

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The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Peach And Nectarine, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Peach And Nectarine, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

Shothole is a common fungal disease in Utah. It attacks dormant leaf buds, blossom buds, leaves, fruit, and twigs. The first visible lesions occur on young leaves as small, round, tan spots that eventually fall out, leaving round holes.

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The Backyard Orchardist –Fruit Pests: Apricot, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

The Backyard Orchardist –Fruit Pests: Apricot, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes diseases and insect pests of apricots in order of importance. Shothole is a common fungal disease in Utah. It attacks dormant leaf buds, blossom buds, leaves, fruit, and twigs. Other diseases discussed include gummosis, and perennial canker. Insect pests include greater peachtree (crown) borer, peach twig borer, spider mites, earwigs, European fruit lecanium scale, and European paper wasp, yellow jackets.

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The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Cherry, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Cherry, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes diseases and insect pests of cherry in order of importance. Shothole attacks dormant leaf buds, blossom buds, leaves, fruit, and twigs (fruit infections are less common on cherry. Other diseases described are crown rot and root rot, gummosis, perennial canker, and powdery mildew, Insects include western cherry fruit fly, spider mites, black cherry aphids, flathead borers, pear sawfly, and speckled green fruitworm.

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The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Plum, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Plum, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

Caused by a soil-borne, fungus-like organism (Phytophthora), crown and root rot occurs worldwide on almost all fruit trees. This pathogen is present in most soils, but only causes infection under optimal circumstances— high soil moisture or standing water, and susceptible host tissue. Once trees are infected, there is no cure.

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Codling Moth In Utah Orchards, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

Codling Moth In Utah Orchards, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

Codling moth (Order Lepidoptera, Family Tortricidae) is the most serious pest of apple and pear worldwide. In most commercial fruit producing regions and home yards in Utah, fruit must be protected to harvest a crop. Insecticides are the main control tactic. There are new insecticides available, many of which are less toxic to humans and beneficial insects and mites than earlier insecticides. For commercial orchards with more than 10 acres of contiguous apple and pear plantings, pheromone-based mating disruption can greatly reduce codling moth populations to allow reduced insecticide use.

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Codling Moth Mating Disruption, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

Codling Moth Mating Disruption, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

Mating disruption became commercially available in the early 1990s, and was adopted by many Utah growers about a decade later. Use of this pest management technology can be daunting due to high up-front costs and monitoring requirements; however, after two to three seasons of use, the cost of mating disruption is the same or even less than conventional pest management.

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Rapid Evolution In Agroecosystems: Transposable Elements And Epigenetics In The Colorado Potato Beetle, Kristian Brevik Jan 2020

Rapid Evolution In Agroecosystems: Transposable Elements And Epigenetics In The Colorado Potato Beetle, Kristian Brevik

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Within agricultural ecosystems, humans and insects enter into complex relationships. Humans consider many of these insects to be pests, and exert significant pressures upon them, such as efforts to kill them using insecticides. One of the ways insects respond to these efforts is by rapidly evolving resistance to insecticides - but how they do this is not fully understood. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism, and transposable elements, which are mobile genetic elements within genomes, may each play a role in shaping the way insects rapidly evolve in response to exposure to insecticides. Understanding the role of transposable elements and DNA …

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The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Apple, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston Jan 2020

The Backyard Orchardist – Fruit Pests: Apple, Marion Murray, Diane G. Alston

All Current Publications

Fire blight is caused by a bacteria called Erwinia amylovora. Some varieties of apples are very susceptible to this disease, such as Jonathan, Jonagold, and Gala. Blossoms, terminal twigs, and sometimes entire limbs or trees are killed.

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Heat For The Masses: Thermal Ecology Of The Western Tent Caterpillar, Victoria Dahlhoff Jan 2020

Heat For The Masses: Thermal Ecology Of The Western Tent Caterpillar, Victoria Dahlhoff

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

A unique feature of some gregarious, colonial insects is their ability to create external structures that alter environmental conditions for the entire (often family) group. A combination of physical alteration of local microhabitats and behavioral thermoregulation allows many of these animals to actively control their body temperatures, which allows them to regulate energy use and metabolism in variable thermal environments. Here I describe mechanisms of microhabitat modification and thermal regulation in the western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale. Tent caterpillars build communal silk tents, whose temperatures can rise substantially above ambient air temperature. I experimentally manipulated colony sizes and examined …

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Effects Of Insect Opportunists On A Four-Level Trophobiotic System Involving Nectar-Producing Galls Of The Cynipid Wasp Disholcaspis Quercusmamma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), Stephanie L. Smith Jan 2020

Effects Of Insect Opportunists On A Four-Level Trophobiotic System Involving Nectar-Producing Galls Of The Cynipid Wasp Disholcaspis Quercusmamma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), Stephanie L. Smith

Masters Theses

The induction of plant galls is considered an adaptive life history trait found in many insect groups. The formation of galls provides several advantages to the gall maker, such as enhanced nutrition, favorable microclimate, and protection from natural enemies, including parasitoids, inquilines, and predators. Order Hymenoptera has many gall-making species, belonging to the gall wasp family Cynipidae. As an extended phenotype of the gall makers, some galls exhibit very sophisticated adaptive mechanisms involving multilevel species interactions. In particular, the oak galls of the Cynipid species Disholcaspis quercusmamma, found in much of Illinois, produce a palatable, sugary nectar-like secretion, attracting …

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Effects Of Chemical Variation On Competition And Insect Communities Across Solidago Altissima Genotypes, Bryan Scott Foster Ii Jan 2020

Effects Of Chemical Variation On Competition And Insect Communities Across Solidago Altissima Genotypes, Bryan Scott Foster Ii

Masters Theses

Individuals within a plant species can differ greatly from one another, especially regarding the range of chemical compounds produced. However, the functions of many of these chemicals are unknown, but likely include defenses against herbivores, attractants for pollinators and seed dispersers, as well as mechanisms for resource competition. To assess the effects of foliar chemical composition on interspecific plant competition and insect communities, I conducted a common garden and greenhouse experiment using 24 genotypes of the allelopathic species Solidago altissima for which the foliar chemistry had been characterized. Using these data and chemical profiles of S. altissima, I linked …

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