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Full-Text Articles in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
An Assessment Of Farmers' Attitudes Towards Deer And Deer Damage In West Tennessee, Gary Tanner, Ralph W. Dimmick
An Assessment Of Farmers' Attitudes Towards Deer And Deer Damage In West Tennessee, Gary Tanner, Ralph W. Dimmick
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) has been involved in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus uirginianus) restoration since the 1950's. Annual deer harvest summaries of the TWRA reveal a many-fold increase in the number of deer taken by hunters in recent years, reflecting the success of that project. However, that success may be perceived as a mixed blessing by some of Tennessee's farmers, whose crops may be damaged by deer or who may have problems with deer hunters.
Control Of Damage By Mammals In Ontario Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger
Control Of Damage By Mammals In Ontario Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Each year, mammalian wildlife causes extensive and costly damage to fruit tree growers throughout Ontario. In 1981, in response to the concern among fruit growers over high levels of this damage, the Ontario Apple Marketing Commission and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food requested that we initiate a long-term study of this problem. However, the desire to improve available control practices was impeded by a general lack of know ledge of the scope of mammalian pest problems in Ontario. For example, the extent and degree of damage in relation to seasonal and regional differences, pest population levels and management …
Meadow Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, Dale Blaine, Stan Taylor
Meadow Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, Dale Blaine, Stan Taylor
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Meadow vole, Microtus pennsyluanicus, is the most common field rodent found in Ontario and causes extensive damage to orchards and hardwood plantations (Radvanyi 1974a, 1974b). The damage is usually most serious when their normal food supply is limited, especially under deep snow cover during winter when occasionally voles breed (Brooks et al. 1976). The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Ells and Hikichi 1979) suggests that damage to the orchards can be prevented by mowing the sods regularly, cleaning up trash from bases of fences, keeping the ground clean around tree base, use of pitfalls, and especially protecting the …
Crop Depredations By Canada Geese In East-Central Wisconsin, Richard A. Hunt
Crop Depredations By Canada Geese In East-Central Wisconsin, Richard A. Hunt
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
In 1973, I presented a paper on "Waterfowl Crop Damage in Wisconsin" at the 6th Bird Control Seminar at Bowling Green, Ohio (Hunt & Bell 1983). That paper reviewed crop damage by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) around Horicon National Wildlife Refuge and the program developed to pay for and control damage, and suggested some recommendations related to future depredations management. At that time the fall goose population was about 200,000 at peak levels on the refuge. Since 1973, some significant changes were implemented in the Horicon area that reduced the peak concentration to less than 100,000. Crop depredations …
Ecology And Management Of Depredating Blackbirds In Ontario Field Corn, J. D. Somers, F. F. Gilbert, R. J. Brooks, D. E. Joyner
Ecology And Management Of Depredating Blackbirds In Ontario Field Corn, J. D. Somers, F. F. Gilbert, R. J. Brooks, D. E. Joyner
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Blackbird damage to field corn in southwestern Ontario has been a problem for farmers for many years (Whitney 1954; Dyer 1968). Historically, Kent and Essex counties were the major corn-growing regions in Ontario, and the most significant centers of corn depredation by blackbirds were in these counties. However, the development of new short-season cultivars has afforded the expansion of field corn production and corn depredation problems throughout southern Ontario. The Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OME) provided funding commencing in 1976 in response to these increased instances of corn depredation for a 4-year research program on the importance, ecology and …
The Effects Of Soil Texture And Related Soil Properties On The Distribution And Control Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) In New York State Apple Orchards, John R. Whitney
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The semifossorial microtine rodent Microtus pinetorum or the pine vole is well known as a destructive pest in fruit orchards (Hamilton 1935; Benton 1955; Burt 1957). The subterranean burrows of the pine vole often parallel the roots of apple trees, and damage occurs when the rodent gnaws the bark and cambial layers of large roots and severs smaller roots, occasionally even girdling the tree to more than a foot below the surface (Benton 1955; Pearson and Forshey 1978).
Canada Goose Numbers And Goose Damage In Northeastern Indiana, Ed Cleary, Ken Reynolds
Canada Goose Numbers And Goose Damage In Northeastern Indiana, Ed Cleary, Ken Reynolds
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Any wild animal can be both hero and villain, and Canada geese are no exception. They can and do cause damage. Goose numbers are increasing and present data indicate a positive relationship between goose numbers and goose damage. In Northeastern Indiana, Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima and B. c. interior) damage agricultural crops and cause esthetic damage to lawns, boats, docks and beaches. Indiana is not the only midwestern state with a goose damage problem. During the last year, Wisconsin registered 235 goose damage complaints, Ohio 160, Michigan over 100, Minnesota 46 and Illinois 31 (personal communications with …
Movements Of The Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum) In Repopulating Orchard Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond
Movements Of The Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum) In Repopulating Orchard Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) populations cause significant damage to orchards and truck crops (e.g., Anthony and Fisher 1977, Biser 1967, Eadie 1954, Forbes 1972a). Yet their population structure and movement dynamics have received surprisingly little study (Smolen 1981). The scarcity of data may have been due in part to the former availability of Endrin as a highly effective control agent (e.g., Horsfall 1956b), but the appearance of Endrin-resistant populations (Webb and Horsfall 1967), the restrictions of use of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and the inclusion of pine voles in Integrated Pest Management programs have made the need for basic population …
Bird Repellent Seed Corn Treatment: Efficacy Evaluations And Current Registration Status, Jon F. Heisterberg
Bird Repellent Seed Corn Treatment: Efficacy Evaluations And Current Registration Status, Jon F. Heisterberg
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Bird damage to sprouting corn can be a serious problem for some farmers. Questionnaire surveys returned by 337 wildlife and agricultural specialists in 25 States indicated that losses of corn sprouts to birds in 1971 could amount to as much as $49 million (Stone and Mott 1973). Objective surveys in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1978 and 1979, respectively, set annual sprout losses to blackbirds (mainly common grackles [Quiscalus quiscula]) and crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) at $1.8 million (Heisterberg, in press). Although losses in both states averaged < 1%, 32 (7%) of the 485 fields surveyed received > 1% losses accounting for 82% of the total damage.
Phenology Of Red-Winged Blackbird Use Of Field Corn In Central New York, Eric K. Bollinger
Phenology Of Red-Winged Blackbird Use Of Field Corn In Central New York, Eric K. Bollinger
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Crop depredations by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) have been a problem since colonial times (Cardinell and Hayne 1945, Weatherhead and Bider 1979, Dolbeer 1980). Today, tens of millions of dollars worth of corn are consumed yearly by blackbirds (Stone et al. 1972, Dolbeer 1980, Tyler and Kannenberg 1980) and the problem appears to be increasing. Most of the initial efforts to reduce blackbird damage to corn and other crops focused on techniques to reduce redwing populations or on chemical and mechanical repellents and frightening devices (Dyer and Ward 1977). The inconsistent effectiveness of these techniques, however, has indicated …
Evaluation Of Dimethyl Anthranilate As A Nontoxic Starling Repellent For Feedlot Settings, J. Russel Mason, Adam H. Arzt, Russel F. Reidinger
Evaluation Of Dimethyl Anthranilate As A Nontoxic Starling Repellent For Feedlot Settings, J. Russel Mason, Adam H. Arzt, Russel F. Reidinger
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Few objective estimates are available, but starling (Sturnus uulgaris) and, sometimes, blackbird (e.g., Agelaius phoeniceus) depredations at feedlots are considered serious economic problems (Besser et al. 1967, 1968; Feare 1975, 1980; Stickley 1979; Twedt and Glahn 1982). Losses may result either from feed contamination and disease transmission or, more likely, from feed consumption (Besser et al. 1968; Russell 1975; Twedt and Glahn 1982). These problems are exacerbated by the use of complete diets (Rickaby 1978) which are presented in open troughs to which starlings have access. Feare and Wadsworth (1981) have shown that these birds can take …
Wildlife Population Cycles: Implications For Damage Control Planning, Richard E. Griffiths
Wildlife Population Cycles: Implications For Damage Control Planning, Richard E. Griffiths
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Animal population cycles are not a newly discovered phenomena. References to irruptions (sic, Leopold 1933 p. 50) of small rodents can be found in the Old Testament, the writings of Aristotle and in European histories (Orr 1963 p. 360). The wildlife literature is filled with descriptions and studies of the population fluctuations of numerous species. Despite the vast amounts of data collected and speculation engaged in, biologists only partially understand the reasons for these fluctuations (Archibald 1977, Chitty 1952, Christian 1950, Cole 1951, Frank 1957, Hoffman 1958 Swinton 1883 and many others).
Mid-Atlantic States Raccoon Rabies Outbreak, Suzanne R. Jenkins, William G. Winkler
Mid-Atlantic States Raccoon Rabies Outbreak, Suzanne R. Jenkins, William G. Winkler
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
In the mid-1950s, an outbreak of raccoon rabies was recognized in South Florida and marked the beginning of epizootic/enzootic rabies in raccoons in this country. It spread at a rate of about 25 miles per year and currently includes eastern Alabama and most of Georgia and South Carolina. Up until the recent mid-Atlantic outbreak, the southern focus accounted for about 85 to 90% of the approximately 400 confirmed rabid raccoons reported in the United States each year.
Senegal's Trade In Cage Birds, 1979-81, Philippe Ruelle
Senegal's Trade In Cage Birds, 1979-81, Philippe Ruelle
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Senegal is one of the world's principal exporters of cage birds. The estimated value to Senegal of this trade is equivalent to U.S. $500,000 annually. Between 1979 and 1981, over 1 million birds were exported annually to at least 26 countries. During this period, the Government of Senegal proposed some policy guide-lines and legislative changes to manage this important industry rationally. The present report updates the exportation figures for these years and indicates some of the proposed legislation.
Wildlife Conflicts In An Urban Area: Occurrence Of Problems And Human Attitudes Toward Wildlife, Michael A. O'Donnell, Larry W. Vandruff
Wildlife Conflicts In An Urban Area: Occurrence Of Problems And Human Attitudes Toward Wildlife, Michael A. O'Donnell, Larry W. Vandruff
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Today's world is undergoing increasing urbanization, and as most metropolitan expansions have resulted in urban sprawl, much original wildlife habitat has been heavily modified or eliminated. Populations of many wildlife species have decreased as a result of habitat changes, but at the same time, numbers of some native and many exotic species have increased in urban areas. As the process of urbanization continues and human's intensive use of land encroaches upon the use of land by wildlife, contact between people and wildlife will change in form and increase in residential areas.
The Need For Urban Animal Control, Gary J. San Julian
The Need For Urban Animal Control, Gary J. San Julian
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The relationship between humans and animals has evolved over many centuries; in the beginning it was very violent. As humans moved from a cave to a village and later to a farm, they protected their property with whatever means were available. Spears, traps and later poisons and rifles were used to handle wildlife problems. As methods of providing life's necessities were refined, people moved from the farms into the cities. Today, many former city dwellers are moving out of town into a more rural setting. Although the relationship between wildlife and humans has changed from its violent beginnings, competition still …
Bird Hazards At Airports, Richard L. Thompson
Bird Hazards At Airports, Richard L. Thompson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
This is a 137-slide audio-visual presentation of approximately 21 minutes duration produced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide an awareness of bird hazards to aircraft in the airport environment and some procedures to reduce the hazard. The audio-visual is a semi-technical orientation and training program for airport/airfield managers, aircraft controllers, airline managers. pilots, and other airport users.
Chem-News - An On-Line Pesticide Information Program, W. G. Smith, R. I. Carruthers, J. Barnard
Chem-News - An On-Line Pesticide Information Program, W. G. Smith, R. I. Carruthers, J. Barnard
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Computerization of pesticide information is rapidly becoming a necessity as regulatory agencies expand their activities through enforcement, monitoring, and certification of pesticide applicators. Educational institutions responsible for providing pesticide information and pesticide applicator training for certification must also expand their capabilities for immediate updating and faster retrieval. Two programs at Cornell University, the Chemical-Pesticides Program and the Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (PIAP), are presently involved in developing on-line pesticide information for researchers, extension personnel, and regulatory agencies, as well as for those using pesticides.
Summary Comments, Merrill L. Petoskey
Summary Comments, Merrill L. Petoskey
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Thank you for asking me to participate in this conference, the first of its kind in the eastern United States. We are glad that some funding from the Renewable Resources Extension Act has helped to make this conference possible. Jim Miller, National Pro-gram Leader for Fish and Wildlife, Extension Service-USDA, provided early impetus in planning the program, and as a member of the conference committee, served as chairman of publicity and encouraged wide participation. We are pleased that, along with SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, the Extension Service, USDA, could …
Nuisance Bird Control In Virginia, Jim Hartlage, Bob Thomas, Joe May, Phil Eggborn
Nuisance Bird Control In Virginia, Jim Hartlage, Bob Thomas, Joe May, Phil Eggborn
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
In the mid-1960s, State officials of Virginia recognized an increasing bird damage problem, yet no legislation existed that allowed any state agency the authority to initiate a nuisance bird control program. In 1968, with bird damage estimated at 25 million dollars, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Nuisance Bird Law. This law provided the basic legislation for the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Commerce (VDAC) to allow its personnel to investigate complaints, conduct surveys, and initiate bird control programs when necessary. Administration of the law is by the Plant Pest Control Section of the VDAC along with a cooperative agreement …
An Update On Pesticides Registered For Control Of Vertebrate Pests, William W. Jacobs
An Update On Pesticides Registered For Control Of Vertebrate Pests, William W. Jacobs
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Federal registration certifies that it is legal to market and use the produce in question in the United States, subject to the conditions and restrictions stipulated on the approved label. Federal registration does not guarantee that a particular chemical or product will be available throughout the country or even that the product will actually be marketed at all. If a particular product cannot be found in a local outlet, the manufacturer should be contacted. If the name of the manufacturer is not known, this information can be obtained from the extension specialist or from Product Management Team 16, Registration Division …
An Effective Program In Coyote Damage Control, F. Robert Henderson
An Effective Program In Coyote Damage Control, F. Robert Henderson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Kansas is a prairie state where about 2 million people live. In Kansas there are around 75,000 farms and ranches. Sheep are raised on approximately 1500 farms, either under farm-flock or feeder lamb systems. In January of 1983 there were approximately 200 thousand sheep and 1.7 million calves in Kansas. Kansas ranks 7th in the nation in swine production.
The Role Of New York State's Division Of Fish And Wildlife In Deer Damage Control, Louis T. Berchielli
The Role Of New York State's Division Of Fish And Wildlife In Deer Damage Control, Louis T. Berchielli
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) spells out the responsibilities and authorities of the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC). Section 1-0101, subdivision 3 of the ECL declares a State policy which includes the fostering, promoting, creating and maintaining of conditions under which humans and nature can thrive in harmony. Section 11-0303, subdivision 1 of the ECL vests in the department the efficient management of the wildlife resources of the State. The department is further directed by subdivision 2 of this section to include regard to the compatibility of production and harvesting of wildlife crops with other necessary or desirable land uses …
Wildlife Damage Control In Eastern Cities And Suburbs, Vagn Flyger, Daniel L. Leedy, Thomas M. Franklin
Wildlife Damage Control In Eastern Cities And Suburbs, Vagn Flyger, Daniel L. Leedy, Thomas M. Franklin
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The topics covered in this paper are based mainly on experiences with people seeking help from the University of Maryland and the National Institute for Urban Wildlife. Although most residents of cities and suburbs enjoy and appreciate wildlife, we are frequently reminded that some do not, other people only tolerate and enjoy selected animal species, provided that these animals ''behave" - they don't make noise, keep their distance, don't damage ornamentals, and are not messy. Some people are so intolerant of wildlife that they even complain about frog choruses from nearby ponds. Response to wildlife varies such that one resident …
Integrated Pest Management: A Useful Approach To Wildlife Damage Control?, Robert M. Timm
Integrated Pest Management: A Useful Approach To Wildlife Damage Control?, Robert M. Timm
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has become a popular phrase and is looked upon by some persons as the solution to all pest problems and many environmental issues. Unfortunately, the concept of IPM is often misunderstood and at times misused.
An Evaluation Of The Cost And Effectiveness Of Repellent Applications In Protecting Fruit Orchards, Mark R. Ellingwood, Jay B. Mcaninch, Raymond J. Winchcombe
An Evaluation Of The Cost And Effectiveness Of Repellent Applications In Protecting Fruit Orchards, Mark R. Ellingwood, Jay B. Mcaninch, Raymond J. Winchcombe
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
A summer repellent spray program was devised and implemented on a total of 110 acres (9 orchard blocks) of 1- to 3-year-old semi-dwarf apple trees. Cooperating growers were supplied with repellent (Hinder or Clearepel) as required, to allow them to adhere to a flexible 3-to 6-application schedule from May through August. Spraying costs, including labor, equipment, and spray materials, were estimated based on data provided by each cooperating grower for each application completed.
Fence Designs For Deer Control: A Review And The Results Of Recent Research In Southeastern New York, Jay B. Mcaninch, Ray Winchcombe, Mark Ellingwood
Fence Designs For Deer Control: A Review And The Results Of Recent Research In Southeastern New York, Jay B. Mcaninch, Ray Winchcombe, Mark Ellingwood
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Research on fences for deer control over the last 45 years has involved either the nonelectric or electric designs. The conventional nonelectric fence has been a vertical 8-to 10-foot woven-wire type which has proven effective in several states over the past 30 years. Some installations have included a 2-to 3-foot overhang of barbed or smooth wire at the top. All versions of this fence have been deemed excessively expensive by many consumers, although a recent New York study reported the 8-foot fence in new, high-density fruit orchards to be a very cost-effective control option.
Ultrasonics: Technology Vs. Tools, Tej Tanden
Ultrasonics: Technology Vs. Tools, Tej Tanden
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Food and material losses to rodents are as old as the knowledge of humans to store food for future use. Humans have had to share their food supplies and learn to live with the unwelcome guests since time immemorial. Even to this day rodents continue to claim a significant share of human food supply on this earth. They have inflicted epidemics that have destroyed large segments of human populations in various parts of our world, throughout history.
Bats In Human Dwellings: Health Concerns And Management, Stephen C. Frantz, Charles V. Trimarchi
Bats In Human Dwellings: Health Concerns And Management, Stephen C. Frantz, Charles V. Trimarchi
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The natural roosts of insectivorous bats in the north-east US are typically caves, rock crevices, and hollow trees. A few species, primarily Myotis lucifigus (little brown bat) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), have readily adapted to living in the houses and other structures of humans. During the warmer months of April through October, commensal bats sometimes become a nuisance due to their colonial habits and resultant odors, noises, guano deposits, and associated aesthetic and economic damages. Bat ectoparasites and at least one fungal disease, histoplasmosis, are of some medical import and the observation of bats flying about a residence …
Parasites Of Wildlife Transmissible To Domestic Animals And Humans, Jay R. Georgi
Parasites Of Wildlife Transmissible To Domestic Animals And Humans, Jay R. Georgi
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Parasites of wild animals are of great importance to the health of humans and their domestic animals. Wild birds serve as reservoirs of various forms of viral encephalitis that are transmitted to humans and domestic animals through the bites of mosquitoes. Wild rodents serve as reservoirs of plague and tularemia and feed the ticks that transmit rickettsial dis-eases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. These are familiar examples that do not require further elaboration here. The objective of the following out-line is to review several less notorious but nevertheless important parasitisms that are communicable from wildlife to domestic animals and …