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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Cell Biology
Initial State Of The Drosophila Eye Before Dorsoventral Specification Is Equivalent To Ventral, Amit Singh, Kwang-Wook Choi
Initial State Of The Drosophila Eye Before Dorsoventral Specification Is Equivalent To Ventral, Amit Singh, Kwang-Wook Choi
Biology Faculty Publications
Dorsoventral (DV) patterning is crucial for eye development in invertebrates and higher animals. DV lineage restriction is the primary event in undifferentiated early eye primordia of Drosophila. InDrosophila eye disc, a dorsal-specific GATA family transcription factor pannier (pnr) controls Iroquois-Complex (Iro-C) genes to establish the dorsal eye fate whereas Lobe (L), which is involved in controlling a Notch ligand Serrate (Ser), is specifically required for ventral growth. However, fate of eye disc cells before the onset of dorsal expression of pnr and Iro-C is not known. We show that L/Ser …
Skeletal Myosin Heavy Chain Function In Cultured Lung Myofibroblasts, Nancy A. Rice, Leslie A. Leinwand
Skeletal Myosin Heavy Chain Function In Cultured Lung Myofibroblasts, Nancy A. Rice, Leslie A. Leinwand
Biology Faculty Publications
Myofibroblasts are unique contractile cells with both muscle and nonmuscle properties. Typically myofibroblasts are identified by the expression of smooth muscle actin (ASMA); however some myofibroblasts also express sarcomeric proteins. In this study, we show that pulmonary myofibroblasts express three of the eight known sarcomeric myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) (IIa, IId, and embryonic) and that skeletal muscle myosin enzymatic activity is required for pulmonary myofibroblast contractility. Furthermore, inhibition of skeletal myosin activity and myofibroblast contraction results in a decrease in both ASMA and skeletal MyHC promoter activity and ASMA protein expression, suggesting a potential coupling of skeletal myosin activity and …
A Role For Yip1p In Copii Vesicle Biogenesis, Matthew Heidtman, Catherine Z. Chen, Ruth N. Collins, Charles Barlowe
A Role For Yip1p In Copii Vesicle Biogenesis, Matthew Heidtman, Catherine Z. Chen, Ruth N. Collins, Charles Barlowe
Dartmouth Scholarship
Yeast Ypt1p-interacting protein (Yip1p) belongs to a conserved family of transmembrane proteins that interact with Rab GTPases. We encountered Yip1p as a constituent of ER-derived transport vesicles, leading us to hypothesize a direct role for this protein in transport through the early secretory pathway. Using a cell-free assay that recapitulates protein transport from the ER to the Golgi complex, we find that affinity-purified antibodies directed against the hydrophilic amino terminus of Yip1p potently inhibit transport. Surprisingly, inhibition is specific to the COPII-dependent budding stage. In support of this in vitro observation, strains bearing the temperature-sensitive yip1-4 allele accumulate ER membranes …
Recognizing Chromosomes In Trouble: Association Of The Spindle Checkpoint Protein Bub3p With Altered Kinetochores And A Unique Defective Centromere, Oliver Kerscher, Luciana B. Crotti, Munira A. Basrai
Recognizing Chromosomes In Trouble: Association Of The Spindle Checkpoint Protein Bub3p With Altered Kinetochores And A Unique Defective Centromere, Oliver Kerscher, Luciana B. Crotti, Munira A. Basrai
Arts & Sciences Articles
Spindle checkpoint proteins monitor the interaction of the spindle apparatus with the kinetochores, halting anaphase even if the microtubule attachment of only a single chromosome is altered. In this study, we show that Bub3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an evolutionarily conserved spindle checkpoint protein, exhibits distinct interactions with an altered or defective kinetochore(s). We show for the first time that green fluorescent protein-tagged S. cerevisiae Bub3p (Bub3-GFP) exhibits not only a diffuse nuclear localization pattern but also forms distinct nuclear foci in unperturbed growing and G2/M-arrested cells. As Bub3-GFP foci overlap only a subset of kinetochores, we tested …
Life Cycle Of A Torrenticolous Hawaiian Chironomid (Telmatogeton Torrenticola): Stream Flow And Microhabitat Effects, M. Eric Benbow, Albert J. Burky, Carl M. Way
Life Cycle Of A Torrenticolous Hawaiian Chironomid (Telmatogeton Torrenticola): Stream Flow And Microhabitat Effects, M. Eric Benbow, Albert J. Burky, Carl M. Way
Biology Faculty Publications
In this study we documented the instar densities and life cycle of Telmatogeton torrenticola Terry (Chironomidae : Telmatogetoninae) from Kinihapai Stream, Maui, Hawaii. Greatest larval densities of this midge are found on substrates of high velocity, shallow flows of cascades, and splash zones of waterfalls, with lower densities in riffles. In the summer of 1994 we compared the effects of two microhabitats (termed optimal and suboptimal) on inter-instar density and relative abundance. In a second year (1995), we evaluated the effect of long-term reduced stream flow on these variables only in optimal microhabitats. A significant reduction in stream flow from …
Ets-2 And Components Of Mammalian Swi/Snf Form A Repressor Complex That Negatively Regulates The Brca1promoter, Kimberly M. Baker, Guo Wei, Alicia E. Schaffner, Michael C. Ostrowski
Ets-2 And Components Of Mammalian Swi/Snf Form A Repressor Complex That Negatively Regulates The Brca1promoter, Kimberly M. Baker, Guo Wei, Alicia E. Schaffner, Michael C. Ostrowski
Science and Mathematics Faculty Publications
Ets-2 is a transcriptional activator that can be modulated by ras-dependent phosphorylation. Evidence is presented indicating that ets-2 can also act as a transcriptional repressor. In the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, exogenous ets-2 repressed the activity of a BRCA1promoter-luciferase reporter dependent on a conserved ets-2-binding site in this promoter. Conditional overproduction of ets-2 in MCF-7 cells resulted in repression of endogenousBRCA1 mRNA expression. To address the mechanism by which ets-2 could act as a repressor, a biochemical approach was used to identify proteins that interacted with the ets-2 pointed domain. From this analysis, components of the …
Minus-End Capture Of Preformed Kinetochore Fibers Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Alexey Khodjakov, Lily Copenagle, Michael B. Gordon, Duane A. Compton, Tarun M. Kapoor
Minus-End Capture Of Preformed Kinetochore Fibers Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Alexey Khodjakov, Lily Copenagle, Michael B. Gordon, Duane A. Compton, Tarun M. Kapoor
Dartmouth Scholarship
Near-simultaneous three-dimensional fluorescence/differential interference contrast microscopy was used to follow the behavior of microtubules and chromosomes in living alpha-tubulin/GFP-expressing cells after inhibition of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 with monastrol. Kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) were frequently observed forming in association with chromosomes both during monastrol treatment and after monastrol removal. Surprisingly, these K-fibers were oriented away from, and not directly connected to, centrosomes and incorporated into the spindle by the sliding of their distal ends toward centrosomes via a NuMA-dependent mechanism. Similar preformed K-fibers were also observed during spindle formation in untreated cells. In addition, upon monastrol removal, centrosomes established a transient …
Expression And Localization Of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Protein In Normal And Abnormal Term Placentae And Stimulation Of Trophoblast Differentiation By Estradiol, A Bukovsky, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Mr Caudle, J Wimalasena, Js Foster, Dc Henley, Rf Elder
Expression And Localization Of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Protein In Normal And Abnormal Term Placentae And Stimulation Of Trophoblast Differentiation By Estradiol, A Bukovsky, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Mr Caudle, J Wimalasena, Js Foster, Dc Henley, Rf Elder
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology
Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of placental function, and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) production rises eighty fold during human pregnancy. Although term placenta has been found to specifically bind estrogens, cellular localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) in trophoblast remains unclear. We used western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry with h-151 and ID5 monoclonal antibodies to determine the expression and cellular localization of ER-alpha protein in human placentae and cultured trophoblast cells. Western blot analysis revealed a ~65 kDa ER-alpha band in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells (positive control). A similar band was detected in five normal term placentae exhibiting strong …
Asymmetry Of The Central Apparatus Defines The Location Of Active Microtubule Sliding In Chlamydomonas Flagella, Matthew J. Wargo, Elizabeth F. Smith
Asymmetry Of The Central Apparatus Defines The Location Of Active Microtubule Sliding In Chlamydomonas Flagella, Matthew J. Wargo, Elizabeth F. Smith
Dartmouth Scholarship
Regulation of ciliary and flagellar motility requires spatial control of dynein-driven microtubule sliding. However, the mechanism for regulating the location and symmetry of dynein activity is not understood. One hypothesis is that the asymmetrically organized central apparatus, through interactions with the radial spokes, transmits a signal to regulate dynein-driven microtubule sliding between subsets of doublet microtubules. Based on this model, we hypothesized that the orientation of the central apparatus defines positions of active microtubule sliding required to control bending in the axoneme. To test this, we induced microtubule sliding in axonemes isolated from wild-type and mutant Chlamydomonas cells, and then …
Placental Expression Of Estrogen Receptor Beta And Its Hormone Binding Variant – Comparison With Estrogen Receptor Alpha And A Role For Estrogen Receptors In Asymmetric Division And Differentiation Of Estrogen-Dependent Cells, Antonin Bukovsky, Michael R. Caudle, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Romaine I. Fernando, Jay Wimalasena, James S. Foster, Donald C. Henley, Robert F. Elder
Placental Expression Of Estrogen Receptor Beta And Its Hormone Binding Variant – Comparison With Estrogen Receptor Alpha And A Role For Estrogen Receptors In Asymmetric Division And Differentiation Of Estrogen-Dependent Cells, Antonin Bukovsky, Michael R. Caudle, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Romaine I. Fernando, Jay Wimalasena, James S. Foster, Donald C. Henley, Robert F. Elder
Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology
During human pregnancy, the production of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) rises steadily to eighty fold at term, and placenta has been found to specifically bind estrogens. We have recently demonstrated the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) protein in human placenta and its localization in villous cytotrophoblast (CT), vascular pericytes, and amniotic fibroblasts. In vitro, E2 stimulated development of large syncytiotrophoblast (ST) aggregates. In the present study we utilized ER-beta affinity purified polyclonal (N19:sc6820) and ER-alpha monoclonal (clone h-151) antibodies. Western blot analysis revealed a single ~52 kDa ER-beta band in chorionic villi (CV) protein extracts. In CV, strong cytoplasmic ER-beta immunoreactivity …
Angiotensin Ii Enhances Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling Via Ca2+/Calmodulin. Gq-Gs Cross-Talk Regulates Collagen Production In Cardiac Fibroblasts, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Jennifer E. Naugle, Miki Hase, Caroline Gregorian, James S. Swaney, Paul A. Insel, Laurence L. Brunton, J. Gary Meszaros
Angiotensin Ii Enhances Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling Via Ca2+/Calmodulin. Gq-Gs Cross-Talk Regulates Collagen Production In Cardiac Fibroblasts, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Jennifer E. Naugle, Miki Hase, Caroline Gregorian, James S. Swaney, Paul A. Insel, Laurence L. Brunton, J. Gary Meszaros
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Cardiac fibroblasts regulate formation of extracellular matrix in the heart, playing key roles in cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy. In this study, we sought to characterize cross-talk between Gq and Gs signaling pathways and its impact on modulating collagen synthesis by cardiac fibroblasts. Angiotensin II (ANG II) activates cell proliferation and collagen synthesis but also potentiates cyclic AMP (cAMP) production stimulated by β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR). The potentiation of β-AR-stimulated cAMP production by ANG II is reduced by phospholipase C inhibition and enhanced by overexpression of Gq. Ionomycin and thapsigargin increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and potentiated isoproterenol- and forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, whereas …
Hypertonic Stress Co-Stimulates T Cell Il-2 Expression Through A Feedback Mechanism Involving Atp Release And P2 Receptor Activation Of P38 Map Kinase, William H. Loomis, Sachiko Namiki, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel, Wolfgang G. Junger
Hypertonic Stress Co-Stimulates T Cell Il-2 Expression Through A Feedback Mechanism Involving Atp Release And P2 Receptor Activation Of P38 Map Kinase, William H. Loomis, Sachiko Namiki, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel, Wolfgang G. Junger
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Hypertonic stress (HS) can alter the function of mammalian cells. We have reported that HS enhances differentiated responses of T cells by increasing their ability to produce interleukin (IL)-2, a finding of clinical interest because hypertonic infusions may modulate immune function in patients. HS shrinks cells and mechanically deforms membranes, which results in ATP release from many cell types. Here we investigate if ATP release is an underlying mechanism through which HS augments T cell function. We found that mechanical stress and HS induced rapid ATP release from Jurkat T cells. HS and exogenous ATP mobilized intracellular Ca2+, activated p38 …