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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Cell Biology
Kif3a Tail Domain Phosphorylation Is Not Required For Ciliogenesis In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Ayoola Fasawe, Jessica M. Adams, Martin Engelke
Kif3a Tail Domain Phosphorylation Is Not Required For Ciliogenesis In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Ayoola Fasawe, Jessica M. Adams, Martin Engelke
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
Primary cilia are essential signaling organelles that protrude from most cells in the body. Heterodimeric kinesin-2 (KIF3A/KIF3B/KAP3) powers several intracellular transport processes, including intraflagellar transport (IFT), essential for ciliogenesis. A long-standing question is how a motor protein is differentially regulated for specific cargos. Since phosphorylation of the KIF3A tail domain was suggested to regulate the activity of kinesin-2 for ciliogenesis, similarly as for the cytosolic cargo N-Cadherin, we set out to map the phosphosites involved in this regulation. Using well-characterized Kif3a−/−; Kif3b−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we performed ciliogenesis rescue assays with a library of phosphomimetic mutants comprising all …
Basic Cell And Molecular Biology 5e: What We Know And How We Find Out, Gerald Bergtrom
Basic Cell And Molecular Biology 5e: What We Know And How We Find Out, Gerald Bergtrom
Cell and Molecular Biology 5e: What We Know and How We Found Out - All Versions
No abstract provided.
Annotated Cell And Molecular Biology 5e: What We Know And How We Found Out, Gerald Bergtrom
Annotated Cell And Molecular Biology 5e: What We Know And How We Found Out, Gerald Bergtrom
Cell and Molecular Biology 5e: What We Know and How We Found Out - All Versions
No abstract provided.
An Insider's Guide To Cell Biology, Katie Ludwig
An Insider's Guide To Cell Biology, Katie Ludwig
Honors Projects
An Insider's Guide to Cell Biology is a comic book that follows Alanine the amoeba who tells the reader all about how the cell works.
Understanding Intercellular Signaling During Lung Injury-Repair, Margo Patricia Cain
Understanding Intercellular Signaling During Lung Injury-Repair, Margo Patricia Cain
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
The mammalian lung is a complex system of specialized cell types with precise spatial organization designed to cooperate to perform gas exchange. These cell types together coordinate organ development, homeostasis, and repair after injury through signals either presented or secreted, known as ligands, to be received by receptors on the surface of another, or in some cases, the same cell. The alveolar region of the lung, the primary region of gas exchange, responds to various types of injuries with different lung repair mechanisms. In order to explore how the various cell types in the lung communicate to drive tissue repair …
Semaphorin3a Increases Focal Adhesion Formation To Shift The Relationship Between Cell Migration And Substratum Concentration Through A Rock-Dependent Mechanism, Frances V. Compere, Scott Gehler
Semaphorin3a Increases Focal Adhesion Formation To Shift The Relationship Between Cell Migration And Substratum Concentration Through A Rock-Dependent Mechanism, Frances V. Compere, Scott Gehler
Celebration of Learning
Cell migration is essential for many life processes, including wound healing, embryonic development and cancer metastasis. Cells move across a surface by interacting and forming adhesions with the molecules in their environment, specifically the extracellular matrix. Past studies have shown that there is an optimal level of cell-substratum adhesive strength that allows for the most cell migration and spreading (DiMilla et al., 1993; Gaudet et al., 2003). The mechanism by which this works is not well understood, however. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) has been shown to increase the expression of integrin receptors, which help mediate the formation of the adhesions between …
A Mitochondria-Anchored Isoform Of The Actin-Nucleating Spire Protein Regulates Mitochondrial Division, Uri Manor, Sadie Bartholomew, Gonen Golani, Eric Christenson, Michael Kozlov, Henry Higgs, James Spudich, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
A Mitochondria-Anchored Isoform Of The Actin-Nucleating Spire Protein Regulates Mitochondrial Division, Uri Manor, Sadie Bartholomew, Gonen Golani, Eric Christenson, Michael Kozlov, Henry Higgs, James Spudich, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
Dartmouth Scholarship
Mitochondrial division, essential for survival in mammals, is enhanced by an inter-organellar process involving ER tubules encircling and constricting mitochondria. The force for constriction is thought to involve actin polymerization by the ER-anchored isoform of the formin protein inverted formin 2 (INF2). Unknown is the mechanism triggering INF2-mediated actin polymerization at ER-mitochondria intersections. We show that a novel isoform of the formin-binding, actin-nucleating protein Spire, Spire1C, localizes to mitochondria and directly links mitochondria to the actin cytoskeleton and the ER. Spire1C binds INF2 and promotes actin assembly on mitochondrial surfaces. Disrupting either Spire1C actin- or formin-binding activities reduces mitochondrial constriction …
Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates Lymphangiogenesis In Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells, John Macbeth, Donna Nofziger-Plank
Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates Lymphangiogenesis In Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells, John Macbeth, Donna Nofziger-Plank
Featured Research
Lymphangiogenesis is the process by which new lymphatic vessels sprout and grow from existing vessels whether under developmental, immunological, or cancerous conditions. Proper lymphatic vessel formation is important in working alongside normal angiogenesis in order to help regulate the body’s tissue fluid as well as aid in immunosurveillance. Various factors regulate lymphangiogenesis such as members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family (VEGF). Another factor that has recently been identified to play a role in lymphangiogenesis is the bio-active phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) however the molecular mechanism by which LPA regulates lymphangiogenesis has not been well characterized. In this study, …
The Survivin And Ciap1 Anti-Apoptotic Proteins Are Differentially Downregulated In Response To Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Vicki Mercado, Jay L. Brewster
The Survivin And Ciap1 Anti-Apoptotic Proteins Are Differentially Downregulated In Response To Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Vicki Mercado, Jay L. Brewster
Featured Research
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle tasked with synthesis and transport of 50% of new cellular proteins. Dysfunction within this organelle creates signals for repair, adaptation, and in severe cases, cellular apoptosis. Multiple human diseases have been associated with ER dysfunction, and the activation of apoptosis in important populations of cells. Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins are cytosolic proteins that play an anti-apoptotic role in the cytosol. The relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the expression/stability of IAPs is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to characterize the affect of ER stress on the expression/stability …
Evaluating Itpr-Dependence Of Apoptotic Signaling From The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Agustin Vargas, Jay L. Brewster
Evaluating Itpr-Dependence Of Apoptotic Signaling From The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Agustin Vargas, Jay L. Brewster
Featured Research
Stress within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be induced by misfolded proteins accumulating in the lumen of this organelle. Signaling of ER stress to other parts of the cell results in altered gene expression, physiological adaptation, and with sustained stress, apoptosis (cell suicide). ER stress is often studied with highly toxic compounds that create severe ER stress rapidly, and a condition that is likely not physiologically relevant within an organism. In this study, we examine the apoptotic signaling induced by moderate ER stress, and in particular the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR). The ITPR regulates Ca2+ release from the ER lumen, …
Carbon Black And Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Differentially Activate Oxidative Stress And Apoptosis In A549 Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells, Sarah Alvarado, Brianna Manes, Jay L. Brewster
Carbon Black And Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Differentially Activate Oxidative Stress And Apoptosis In A549 Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells, Sarah Alvarado, Brianna Manes, Jay L. Brewster
Featured Research
Recent studies have demonstrated that variation between particulate matter compositions have universally adverse effects on cells and living tissues. Carbon black and titanium dioxide are two such particulates that we are continuously exposed to, yet there is limited research to examine the potential deleterious effects on living tissue. The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of carbon black (CB) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particulates on A549 human alveolar epithelial lung cells. CB and TiO2 powders were dispersed throughout a solution of water and bovine serum albumin by high-powered sonication. The effects of these particulates on A549 cells …
The Regulatory Effect Of Semaphorin 7a On Proliferation And Migration In Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Steven R. Flemming, Donna Nofziger-Plank
The Regulatory Effect Of Semaphorin 7a On Proliferation And Migration In Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Steven R. Flemming, Donna Nofziger-Plank
Featured Research
Semaphorin 7A (SEMA 7A), a factor originally identified as regulating axon growth, has recently been implicated as a pro-angiogenic factor. The molecular mechanisms for this ability to stimulate angiogenesis have not been identified. This study examines if SEMA 7A can have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells or whether it indirectly induces angiogenesis through stimulation and recruitment of macrophages as has been suggested. Using a human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the ability of SEMA 7A to affect proliferation and migration was examined. HUVECs were exposed to SEMA 7A directly or to conditioned media collected from macrophages exposed to …
The Tadpole Of Proceratophrys Avelinoi (Anura: Leptodactylidae), Rafael O. De Sá, José A. Langone
The Tadpole Of Proceratophrys Avelinoi (Anura: Leptodactylidae), Rafael O. De Sá, José A. Langone
Biology Faculty Publications
The genus Proceratoprhrys is poorly known. It consists of 14 currently recognized species (Frost, 2000) of medium-sized frogs distributed from northeastern Argentina and Paraguay to southeast Amazonia (Rondonia State), eastern and southern Brazil. Proceratophrys avelinoi was described from Misiones, Argentina (Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1993). The larval stage of this species is unknown. Herein, we describe the tadpole and the characteristics of the internal oral anatomy of P avelinoi using scanning electron micros- copy (SEM).
The Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis In Hymenochirus Boettgeri, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá
The Timing And Pattern Of Myogenesis In Hymenochirus Boettgeri, Matthew T. Smetanick, Rafael O. De Sá
Biology Faculty Publications
Differences in the relative timing of homologous developmental events among closely related species, known as heterochronies, may provide valuable clues in understanding evolutionary relationships (McKinney, 1988; McNamara, 1995). Examining the timing of myogenic events is a relatively easy and effective method for finding heterochronic events. For example, whether muscle proteins and myofibrils appear before or after multinucleation can be determined through histological techniques (Kielbowna, 1981). Simple observations of live specimens can pinpoint functional landmarks such as first twitch (spontaneous or due to external stimuli) and first heartbeat.
Organization And Polarity Of Protoplasm, John P. Munson
Organization And Polarity Of Protoplasm, John P. Munson
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
In higher forms of life, we usually concede the presence of an organ specialized for the performance of a function. In these higher forms coordination of organs, which entails a regular sequence in their functions, is readily made out; and it seems a mere platitude to say, of these, that organization determines the functions of the organism. To what extent can functions exist in the absence of organization; does the one precede the other; or have function and organization developed simultaneously, out of matter devoid of both structure and function? In my studies on the cell, I have kept these …