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Bioenergetics

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Articles 1 - 18 of 18

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Trophic Dynamics Of The Lake Superior Fish Community, Ariel Edwards Jun 2023

Trophic Dynamics Of The Lake Superior Fish Community, Ariel Edwards

All NMU Master's Theses

The Lake Superior food web has undergone many changes in recent decades, including the rehabilitation of the native apex predator lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) and the introduction of several nonnative species. The trophic linkages and ecological requirements of the entire fish community, including predators and prey fishes, has not been assessed on a whole-lake scale in over a decade. Here, I investigated the trophic dynamics across multiple regions of the lake, and estimated the consumptive effect of lean lake charr in one region of Lake Superior. From April to October of 2021, a total of five predator, four …

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Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Modulates Electron Transport And Mitochondrial Structure And Function, Lucas Nelson Potter May 2023

Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Modulates Electron Transport And Mitochondrial Structure And Function, Lucas Nelson Potter

Biomedical Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Pulsed power treatment has been used to induce regulated cell death (RCD) in cells or ablate tumors in animals. A subset of pulsed power as electroporation with high voltage and pulse duration of milliseconds is used for biomedical treatment to induce pores in the plasma membrane of cells. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEFs)– an extension of electroporation, uses waveforms with pulse durations on the order of 10-900 nanoseconds. nsPEF treatment has demonstrated intracellular effects for potential biomedical applications. In this work, nsPEF treatment is used to demonstrate changes that affect viability, plasma membrane permeability ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in the …

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Differences In Drifting Invertebrate Communities Across Arctic Ecozones And The Influence On Potential Growth Of Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus), Charles Chanyi Jan 2023

Differences In Drifting Invertebrate Communities Across Arctic Ecozones And The Influence On Potential Growth Of Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus), Charles Chanyi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Invertebrate drift is a key process that potentially affects multiple levels of food web organization within stream environments. However, our understanding of the mechanistic drivers of drift in high latitude streams and subsequent bottom-up control that drift may have on fish predators in these environments remains understudied. This project aimed to gain the baseline knowledge of how drift functions across two major high latitude ecozones, the boreal forest and tundra, and how those possible differences in drifting community characteristics may impact drift-feeding Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus). These objectives were accomplished by characterizing stream environments across both ecozones, sampling …

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Seasonal Variation In Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Of The Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis Macrochirus, From A Shallow Midwest River, Derick Isaac Lamptey Jan 2020

Seasonal Variation In Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Of The Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis Macrochirus, From A Shallow Midwest River, Derick Isaac Lamptey

Masters Theses

As average global temperature increase, the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperatures in shallow aquatic ecosystems are more ubiquitous. In order to understand how these changing thermal regimes affect aquatic ectotherms, it is essential to develop studies evaluating the response of ectotherms to seasonal fluctuating thermal regimes. Previous studies on fluctuating temperature regimes have reported an increased physiological stress leading to morphological, behavioral and biochemical adaptations. From the latter, the adaptive capacity and seasonal performance associated with optimal function of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) are key for species persistence. However, studies on this matter are scarce. This study explores …

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Electrostatically Localized Proton Bioenergetics: Better Understanding Membrane Potential, James Weifu Lee Jul 2019

Electrostatically Localized Proton Bioenergetics: Better Understanding Membrane Potential, James Weifu Lee

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory, membrane potential Δψ was given as the electric potential difference across the membrane. However, its physical origin for membrane potential Δψ was not well explained. Using the Lee proton electrostatic localization model with a newly formulated equation for protonic motive force (pmf) that takes electrostatically localized protons into account, membrane potential has now been better understood as the voltage difference contributed by the localized surface charge density ([H-+L] + nΣ i=1 [M(i+)L]) at the liquid-membrane interface as in an electrostatically localized protons/cations-membrane-anions capacitor. That is, the origin of membrane …

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The Yeast Mitochondrial Proteins Rcf1 And Rcf2 Support The Enzymology Of The Cytochrome C Oxidase Complex And Generation Of The Proton Motive Force, Vera Strogolova, Ngoc H. Hoang, Jonathan Hosler, Rosemary A. Stuart Mar 2019

The Yeast Mitochondrial Proteins Rcf1 And Rcf2 Support The Enzymology Of The Cytochrome C Oxidase Complex And Generation Of The Proton Motive Force, Vera Strogolova, Ngoc H. Hoang, Jonathan Hosler, Rosemary A. Stuart

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The yeast mitochondrial proteins Rcf1 and Rcf2 are associated with a subpopulation of the cytochrome bc1–cytochrome c oxidase supercomplex and have been proposed to play a role in the assembly and/or modulation of the activity of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV). Yeast mutants deficient in either Rcf1 or Rcf2 proteins can use aerobic respiration–based metabolism for growth, but the absence of both proteins results in a strong growth defect. In this study, using assorted biochemical and biophysical analyses of Rcf1/Rcf2 single and double null-mutant yeast cells and mitochondria, we further explored how Rcf1 and Rcf2 support …

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A Disturbance In The Force: Cellular Stress Sensing By The Mitochondrial Network, Robert Gilkerson Sep 2018

A Disturbance In The Force: Cellular Stress Sensing By The Mitochondrial Network, Robert Gilkerson

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

As a highly dynamic organellar network, mitochondria are maintained as an organellar network by delicately balancing fission and fusion pathways. This homeostatic balance of organellar dynamics is increasingly revealed to play an integral role in sensing cellular stress stimuli. Mitochondrial fission/fusion balance is highly sensitive to perturbations such as loss of bioenergetic function, oxidative stress, and other stimuli, with mechanistic contribution to subsequent cell-wide cascades including inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. The overlapping activity with m-AAA protease 1 (OMA1) metallopeptidase, a stress-sensitive modulator of mitochondrial fusion, and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a regulator of mitochondrial fission, are key factors that shape …

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Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard Apr 2018

Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard

Biological Sciences Publications

To evaluate the effect of fish growth on mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulation, a non-steady state toxicokinetic model, combined with a Wisconsin bioenergetics model, was developed to simulate Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model was validated by comparing observed versus predicted Hg and PCB 180 concentrations across 5 age classes from five different waterbodies across North America. The non-steady state model generated accurate predictions for Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in three of five waterbodies: Apsey, Sharbot and Stonelick Lake. The poor performance of the model for the Detroit River and Lake Hartwell, which were …

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Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G. Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard Jan 2018

Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G. Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard

Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications

To evaluate the effect of fish growth on mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulation, a non-steady state toxicokinetic model, combined with a Wisconsin bioenergetics model, was developed to simulate Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model was validated by comparing observed versus predicted Hg and PCB 180 concentrations across 5 age classes from five different waterbodies across North America. The non-steady state model generated accurate predictions for Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in three of five waterbodies: Apsey, Sharbot and Stonelick Lake. The poor performance of the model for the Detroit River and Lake Hartwell, …

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Mutational Analysis Of The Qrrq Motif In The Yeast Hig1 Type 2 Protein Rcf1 Reveals A Regulatory Role For The Cytochrome C Oxidase Complex, Joshua Garlich, Valentina Strecker, Ilka Wittig, Rosemary A. Stuart Mar 2017

Mutational Analysis Of The Qrrq Motif In The Yeast Hig1 Type 2 Protein Rcf1 Reveals A Regulatory Role For The Cytochrome C Oxidase Complex, Joshua Garlich, Valentina Strecker, Ilka Wittig, Rosemary A. Stuart

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The yeast Rcf1 protein is a member of the conserved family of proteins termed the hypoxia-induced gene (domain) 1 (Hig1 or HIGD1) family. Rcf1 interacts with components of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, in particular the cytochrome bc1(complex III)-cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) supercomplex (termed III-IV) and the ADP/ATP carrier proteins. Rcf1 plays a role in the assembly and modulation of the activity of complex IV; however, the molecular basis for how Rcf1 influences the activity of complex IV is currently unknown. Hig1 type 2 isoforms, which include the Rcf1 protein, are characterized in part by the presence …

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Evaluating Foraging Habits, And Estimating Prey Consumption, And Growth Of Brook Trout In A Coolwater Michigan Stream, Graeme R. Zaparzynski Aug 2016

Evaluating Foraging Habits, And Estimating Prey Consumption, And Growth Of Brook Trout In A Coolwater Michigan Stream, Graeme R. Zaparzynski

Masters Theses

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are a cold water ectotherm whose native distribution includes most of eastern Canada, the upper Midwestern United States, and the eastern and mid- Atlantic United States as far south as Georgia. The native range of brook trout in the United States has been reduced as a result of interspecific interactions with introduced species, and anthropogenic land use changes that drive water temperature changes in many of their native watersheds. Anthropogenic land-use changes tend to increase thermal regimes of aquatic systems, affecting brook trout physiology and limiting them to colder, headwater reaches. The threat of …

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The Effect Of Seasonal Fish Migration On Energy Budgets In Two Coastal Michigan Streams, Emily M. Dean Apr 2016

The Effect Of Seasonal Fish Migration On Energy Budgets In Two Coastal Michigan Streams, Emily M. Dean

Masters Theses

Migratory fish are known to seasonally enter coastal stream systems but the magnitude of the effects these migrations have on stream energy budgets is not fully understood. The Laurentian Great Lakes have several introduced and native adfluvial fish, where only a few studies have investigated the impacts of their migration on energy budgets in Michigan coastal streams. We quantified the contribution of energy from Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) muscle and eggs, steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs, and larval white suckers (Catostomus commersonii) to coastal stream energy budgets. Energy densities and energy delivered to streams were estimated using bomb calorimetry and annual …

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Life History Tradeoffs And The Costs Of Reproduction In Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides Sculpturatus), Michael Marie Webber May 2014

Life History Tradeoffs And The Costs Of Reproduction In Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides Sculpturatus), Michael Marie Webber

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Tradeoffs in life history evolution result from conflicts in the time and energy that can be simultaneously invested in activities such as growth, reproduction, and survival. Reproduction is an energetically costly activity for organisms, and is known to elicit alterations in the daily activity patterns of individuals. I investigated reproductive tradeoffs in the Arizona Bark Scorpion,Centruroides sculpturatus. To better understand the nature of tradeoffs in this species, I examined the influence of reproductive state on the predatory efficiency and thermal preference of reproductive females. Further, I examined the influence of reproductive activities (i.e. gestation) on the ability of reproductive females …

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Factors Affecting Diporeia Growth Rates In Lake Superior, Miles J. Corcoran Jan 2013

Factors Affecting Diporeia Growth Rates In Lake Superior, Miles J. Corcoran

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

An ability to predict population dynamics of the amphipod Diporeia is important in understanding how energy pathways in the Lake Superior food web might be altered by disturbances to the ecosystem. Estimating growth rates for this prominent prey item for fish requires information on the physiological effects of changes to its environment. These effects have been investigated for Diporeia in other Great Lakes, but little is known about Lake Superior populations. The primary objective of this study is to obtain quantitative data for rates of Diporeia respiration and consumption that can be incorporated into a bioenergetics model for Lake Superior. …

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Evaluation Of Macroinvertebrates As A Food Resource In The Assessment Of Lotic Salmonid Habitat, Nicholas P. Weber May 2009

Evaluation Of Macroinvertebrates As A Food Resource In The Assessment Of Lotic Salmonid Habitat, Nicholas P. Weber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Criteria used to characterize lotic salmonid habitat are often based on observed correlations between physical habitat characteristics and salmonid abundances. A focus on physical habitat features ignores other habitat components, such as an adequate supply of food that set the physiological limitations on salmonid growth and survival. This study outlines the development of a habitat assessment approach that focuses on how invertebrate food availability interacts with stream temperatures to determine salmonid growth potentials. Abundances of benthic and drifting invertebrate communities, stream temperatures, and juvenile steelhead trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) summer growth rates and abundances were measured within 10 …

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Predicting The Growth Potential Of A Shallow, Warm-Water Sport Fishery: A Spatially Explicit Bioenergetics Approach, Samuel Kirk Dahle May 2009

Predicting The Growth Potential Of A Shallow, Warm-Water Sport Fishery: A Spatially Explicit Bioenergetics Approach, Samuel Kirk Dahle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Capturing the range of fish consumption and growth potential of large, heterogeneous lentic systems can be challenging due to strong gradients in productivity, the diversity of habits types present, and in some cases, site-specific water quality issues. Cutler Reservoir (Utah, USA) displays a high degree of spatial and temporal variation in physical conditions and potential water quality limitations for fish, including high summertime water temperature and large, diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen concentrations. The combination of bioenergetics modeling and GIS spatial analysis offers a promising interface for quantifying the fish consumptive and growth potential across a spatially and temporally heterogeneous …

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Revisiting A Model Of Ontogenetic Growth: Estimating Model Parameters From Theory And Data, Melanie E. Moses, Chen Hou, William H. Woodruff, Geoffrey B. West, Jeffery C. Nekola, Wenyun Zuo, James H. Brown May 2008

Revisiting A Model Of Ontogenetic Growth: Estimating Model Parameters From Theory And Data, Melanie E. Moses, Chen Hou, William H. Woodruff, Geoffrey B. West, Jeffery C. Nekola, Wenyun Zuo, James H. Brown

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The ontogenetic growth model (OGM) of West et al. provides a general description of how metabolic energy is allocated between production of new biomass and maintenance of existing biomass during ontogeny. Here, we reexamine the OGM, make some minor modifications and corrections, and further evaluate its ability to account for empirical variation on rates of metabolism and biomass in vertebrates both during ontogeny and across species of varying adult body size. We show that the updated version of the model is internally consistent and is consistent with other predictions of metabolic scaling theory and empirical data. The OGM predicts not …

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Temperature, Activity And Lizard Life Histories, Stephen C. Adolph, Warren P. Porter Jan 1993

Temperature, Activity And Lizard Life Histories, Stephen C. Adolph, Warren P. Porter

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Lizard life-history characteristics vary widely among species and populations. Most authors seek adaptive or phylogenetic explanations for life-history patterns, which are usually presumed to reflect genetic differences. However, lizard life histories are often phenotypically plastic, varying in response to temperature, food availability, and other environmental factors. Despite the importance of temperature to lizard ecology and physiology, its effects on life histories have received relatively little attention. We present a theoretical model predicting the proximate consequences of the thermal environment for lizard life histories. Temperature, by affecting activity times, can cause variation in annual survival rate and fecundity, leading to a …

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