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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Biomass Estimation Of Marine Biofilms On Plastic Surfaces, Kian Banihashemi, Fernando Javier Gil
Biomass Estimation Of Marine Biofilms On Plastic Surfaces, Kian Banihashemi, Fernando Javier Gil
Biological Sciences
Plastics have become a major source of marine pollution, which threatens food safety and quality, human health, and marine ecosystems. Due to the drastic negative effects of plastics in a marine environment, alternative biodegradable plastics are being generated that are more eco-friendly and have less environmental impact. Though some of these plastics are known to biodegrade, the process of degradation for bioplastics has not been heavily studied in a marine environment. This pilot project sought to both quantify the process of biodegradation and compare across different methods for effectiveness of biomass estimation, which serves as an indicator of biodegradation. Plastics …
Assessing Black Rat Population Abundance And Persistence At The Oceano Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area, Mars Lu, Julia Kristina Perez
Assessing Black Rat Population Abundance And Persistence At The Oceano Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area, Mars Lu, Julia Kristina Perez
Biological Sciences
The black rat, Rattus rattus, is considered one of the most destructive and widespread invasive species around the world, with the ability to damage crops, kill native species, and spread disease. The Oceano Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area (ODSVRA) is home to numerous at-risk species such as the Western Snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) and California Least Tern (Sternula antillarum browni). Black rats have been detected at the ODSVRA in studies conducted in 2015 and 2018, and may be a potential threat to nesting seabirds like the plover and the tern. In addition, they may …
Potentially Cis-Acting Super-Enhancer Long Noncoding Rnas As Biomarkers In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Progression, Kavipriya Kovai Palanivel
Potentially Cis-Acting Super-Enhancer Long Noncoding Rnas As Biomarkers In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Progression, Kavipriya Kovai Palanivel
Biological Sciences
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lack of estrogen receptors (ER), the lack of progesterone receptors (PR), and normal human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) protein levels in breast tumors. Therefore, TNBC is an aggressive type of breast cancer due to limited treatment options for patients. Determining genes that regulate the progression of tumors to TNBC may help develop new therapeutic techniques. Many super-enhancer long noncoding RNAs (SElncRNAs) are found to be differentially expressed in cancer cells. Super-enhancer activity heavily influences target gene transcription and is often augmented through cis-acting SE-lncRNA activity. Therefore, we hypothesize cis-acting SE-lncRNAs …
Optophysiology Of D. Melanogaster Neuromuscular Synapses Using Gcamp, Kavindra Dasrat
Optophysiology Of D. Melanogaster Neuromuscular Synapses Using Gcamp, Kavindra Dasrat
Biological Sciences
An activity-dependent increase in postsynaptic currents produced by a single vesicle of neurotransmitter is an important mechanism for synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) and possibly involved in learning and memory. We have found a similar form of postsynaptic potentiation at the D. Melanogaster neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where a brief increase in impulse activity results in an increase in the amplitude of spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), resulting in miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials (mEPSPs). To visualize sites of postsynaptic potentiation along the synaptic terminal, we have used a Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP to observe postsynaptic Ca2+ signals. Since …
Toward Long Non-Coding Rna Detection Using Dna Nanoswitches, Ché-Doni Platt
Toward Long Non-Coding Rna Detection Using Dna Nanoswitches, Ché-Doni Platt
Biological Sciences
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that are over 200 nucleotides and do not encode proteins. LncRNAs are involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes ranging from cell proliferation, apoptosis, and nutrient sensing to cell differentiation. Further, lncRNAs have been reported to play an important role in a wide range of pathophysiological processes and are linked to diseases such as cancer. Thus, lncRNAs are becoming increasingly important as biomarkers to study biological and disease processes. In our work, we develop a DNA nanoswitch-based assay for detecting long RNAs. The DNA nanoswitch is a reconfigurable device that undergoes a conformational …
Emerging Roles Of Intragenic Enhancers In Gene Expression Of Gadd45a, Ekaterina Sazon
Emerging Roles Of Intragenic Enhancers In Gene Expression Of Gadd45a, Ekaterina Sazon
Biological Sciences
Non-coding regulatory elements in the eukaryotic genomic DNA, like enhancers and promoters, control gene expression. Transcription factors recognize and bind to DNA sequences within these regulatory regions and affect said regulatory elements. The extent and specific circumstances regarding transcription factors are long-standing questions in the field. In this thesis, we wanted to investigate how transcription factors work in a particular case of enhancers, known as intragenic enhancers. We designed reporter gene assays that looked at the well-studied model transcription factor p53’s regulation on its target gene GADD45A in basal and stress conditions. We determined that GADD45A is a p53-dependent gene, …
Using The Centrifuge Force Microscope As A Single-Molecule Technique For Studying Base-Stacking Interactions, Kevin Thomas
Using The Centrifuge Force Microscope As A Single-Molecule Technique For Studying Base-Stacking Interactions, Kevin Thomas
Biological Sciences
A wide range of single-molecule techniques has streamlined the process of applying and studying the effects of force on individual molecules. The centrifuge force microscope (CFM) is one such technique that allows for high-throughput single-molecule pulling experiments. It is relatively inexpensive and user-friendly, making it a suitable tool to study the effects of force on various biomolecular interactions. A benchtop centrifuge can be used to apply centrifugal force to molecular constructs that are tethered between a glass slide and a microsphere. Molecular events like bond dissociation result in the removal of the microsphere from the surface, which is observed by …
Circadian Modulation Of Astrocyte Morphology And Synaptic Transmission, Saad Ahmad
Circadian Modulation Of Astrocyte Morphology And Synaptic Transmission, Saad Ahmad
Biological Sciences
The circadian rhythm affects behavior and physiology in many animal species. Our previous work in mice showed that within the hippocampus, a subordinate circadian oscillator, astrocytes change their proximity to excitatory synapses. Here we obtain 3D reconstructions of biocytin-filled hippocampal astrocytes processed with protein retention expansion microscopy and imaged using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Our findings identify the subtle changes in astrocyte morphologies that encode information about time-of-day in hippocampal astrocytes. These findings shed light on fundamental mechanisms that allow the function of hippocampal circuits to adapt to different times of the day. This will help us understand how structural …
The Role Of Angiocrine Factors In The Progression Of Salivary Disease, Owen Zon
The Role Of Angiocrine Factors In The Progression Of Salivary Disease, Owen Zon
Biological Sciences
In our blood vessels, cells called endothelial cells line the inside of veins and arteries. Due to the discovery that endothelial cells actually organogenesis during embryogenesis, our interest in these cells has increased to a new understanding of their functions in tissue repair and regeneration. These cells are no longer only considered passive modes of transport for bodily fluids and nutrients, but, with new research in the fibrosis of liver cells, are also considered to be key players in the repair of damaged organs and tissue. These cells release signals known as angiocrine factors that act in damaged areas of …
Investigating The Roles Of Rna Modification And Associated Enzymes On Stress Response And Connections To Human Diseases, Carrson Widen
Investigating The Roles Of Rna Modification And Associated Enzymes On Stress Response And Connections To Human Diseases, Carrson Widen
Biological Sciences
Transfer RNAs decode messenger RNA using anticodon – codon interactions to deliver specific amino acids to a growing peptide chain. Enzyme-catalyzed modifications on specific nucleotides on tRNAs increase their stability and help mediate the speed and fidelity of translation, giving these modifications regulatory potential. RNA modifications are catalyzed by writer enzymes, and I predicted that writers are important in the cellular responses to stress. I have evaluated the following E. coli modification enzyme mutants: miaA, mnmE, dtd, tmcA, lysU, yeaK, and iscS, from the corresponding Keio E. coli gene deletion library. Writer mutants were exposed to hydrogen peroxide to induce …