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Full-Text Articles in Biology

Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. W. Grant, P. F. Lyman, J. H. Hoogenraad, Barbara S. Carlsward, D. A. Arms, L. E. Seiberling, F. Namavar Jan 1993

Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. W. Grant, P. F. Lyman, J. H. Hoogenraad, Barbara S. Carlsward, D. A. Arms, L. E. Seiberling, F. Namavar

Barbara S. Carlsward

Thin Gesingle crystals (≤1 μm) up to 4 mm in diameter have been fabricated from epitaxialGefilmsgrown by atmospheric pressurechemical vapor deposition on Si(100) wafers. The thin Ge windows are formed by chemically etching away both the Si substrate and the region of the Gefilm near the interface that contains misfit dislocations associated with heteroepitaxialgrowth and relaxation of the Gefilms. The resulting Gefilms are comparable in crystalline quality to bulk Ge wafers, as indicated by ion channeling studies.


Evolution Of Mammalian Social Structure, Ronald K. Chesser, Derrick W. Sugg, O. Eugene Rhodes Jr., James M. Novak, Michael H. Smith Jan 1993

Evolution Of Mammalian Social Structure, Ronald K. Chesser, Derrick W. Sugg, O. Eugene Rhodes Jr., James M. Novak, Michael H. Smith

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Social groups may be viewed as collections of individuals exhibiting nonindependent behavior and organized in a cooperative manner. The evolutionary advantage of social behavior to individuals must be measured in its relativity to other potential behaviors, the scale of competitive interactions, and under a variety of environmental and genetic constraints. A primary tenet of social evolution is that coancestry will promote the genes of related individuals. High values of coancestry, however, do not necessarily translate into evolutionary advantage unless the primary competitive interactions occur among the groups. Coancestry is affected by the breeding tactics within and rates of genetic exchange …


Morphological Asymmetry In Mammals: Genetics And Homeostasis Reconsidered, James M. Novak, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Michael H. Smith, Ronald K. Chesser Jan 1993

Morphological Asymmetry In Mammals: Genetics And Homeostasis Reconsidered, James M. Novak, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Michael H. Smith, Ronald K. Chesser

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

It has been hypothesized that developmental stability is increased at higher levels of genetic variability (heterozygosity) in animals. However, the existence of this relationship is questionable for homeotherms in general and mammals in particular. The difference between the sides of a bilateral character in an individual is a measure of fluctuating asymmetry that can be used as a measure of the developmental stability of mammals. Increased developmental stability should result in a greater degree of similarity between the right and left side of the body even though environmental variability would tend to increase the differences between right and left sides …


Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. W. Grant, P. F. Lyman, J. H. Hoogenraad, Barbara S. Carlsward, D. A. Arms, L. E. Seiberling, F. Namavar Jan 1993

Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. W. Grant, P. F. Lyman, J. H. Hoogenraad, Barbara S. Carlsward, D. A. Arms, L. E. Seiberling, F. Namavar

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Thin Gesingle crystals (≤1 μm) up to 4 mm in diameter have been fabricated from epitaxialGefilmsgrown by atmospheric pressurechemical vapor deposition on Si(100) wafers. The thin Ge windows are formed by chemically etching away both the Si substrate and the region of the Gefilm near the interface that contains misfit dislocations associated with heteroepitaxialgrowth and relaxation of the Gefilms. The resulting Gefilms are comparable in crystalline quality to bulk Ge wafers, as indicated by ion channeling studies.


Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. Grant, P. Lyman, J. Hoogenraad, Barbara Carlsward, D. Arms, L. Seiberling, F. Namavar Jan 1993

Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. Grant, P. Lyman, J. Hoogenraad, Barbara Carlsward, D. Arms, L. Seiberling, F. Namavar

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Thin Gesingle crystals (≤1 μm) up to 4 mm in diameter have been fabricated from epitaxialGefilmsgrown by atmospheric pressurechemical vapor deposition on Si(100) wafers. The thin Ge windows are formed by chemically etching away both the Si substrate and the region of the Gefilm near the interface that contains misfit dislocations associated with heteroepitaxialgrowth and relaxation of the Gefilms. The resulting Gefilms are comparable in crystalline quality to bulk Ge wafers, as indicated by ion channeling studies.


A Comparison Of Staining Techniques For Somatic Chromosomes Of Strawberry, Henry R. Owen, A. Raymond Miller Jan 1993

A Comparison Of Staining Techniques For Somatic Chromosomes Of Strawberry, Henry R. Owen, A. Raymond Miller

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

A factorial combination of pretreatments, fixatives, and stains was examined to identify the best available method for staining the chromosomes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Chandler’) root-tip cells. Three pretreatments ( a -bromonaphthalene, p -dichlorobenzene, and 8-hydroxyquinoline), three fixatives (Farmer’s fluid, Carnoy’s fluid, and Newcomer’s fluid), and five stains (acetocarmine, alcoholic hydrochloric-acid carmine, altered carbol fuchsin, lacto-propionic orcein, and leucobasic fuchsin) were tested. Pretreatment with either a -bromonaphthalene (saturated aqueous) or 8-hydroxyquinoline (2 mM) for 5 hours at 14C, overnight fixation in Farmer’s fluid, hydrolysis in 1 N HCl (15 minutes at 60C), and staining with altered carbol fuchsin …