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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae), William Louis Stern, Barbara S. Carlsward
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae), William Louis Stern, Barbara S. Carlsward
Barbara S. Carlsward
Laeliinae are one of the most prominent orchid subtribes, with c. 40 genera and nearly 1500 species, and contain a disparate group of taxa with widely varying morphological features. There does not appear to be a complex of characters to which one can refer in order to delineate the subtribe as a whole. Thus, it was thought that vegetative anatomy might provide clues to the monophyly of the group. The microscopic structure of the leaves, stems and roots of representatives of most of the genera was studied. It was concluded that the anatomy lacks overall uniformity and that vegetative characters …
Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of Triphorinae (Orchidaceae), Barbara S. Carlsward, William Louis Stern
Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of Triphorinae (Orchidaceae), Barbara S. Carlsward, William Louis Stern
Barbara S. Carlsward
Triphorinae represents a group of three anatomically simple genera, the structural features of which are unspecialized. The anomocytic stomatal pattern occurs in all genera; it predominates in Triphora . A foliar hypodermis, sclerenchyma, fibre bundles and stegmata are absent. The mesophyll is homogeneous. The exodermal and endodermal cells in the roots are entirely thin-walled and tilosomes are absent. However, there are anatomical modifications that appear to be unique: root hairs in Monophyllorchis are borne on velamenal buttresses and, in Psilochilus , they arise endogenously. In the root vascular system of Psilochilus , the metaxylem occurs as a circumferential band. The …
Phylogenetic Utility Of Ycf1 In Orchids: A Plastid Gene More Variable Than Matk, Kurt M. Neubig, W. Mark Whitten, Barbara S. Carlsward, Mario A. Blanco, Lorena Endara, Norris H. Williams, Michael Moore
Phylogenetic Utility Of Ycf1 In Orchids: A Plastid Gene More Variable Than Matk, Kurt M. Neubig, W. Mark Whitten, Barbara S. Carlsward, Mario A. Blanco, Lorena Endara, Norris H. Williams, Michael Moore
Barbara S. Carlsward
Plastid DNA sequences have been widely used by systematists for reconstructing plant phylogenies. The utility of any DNA region for phylogenetic analysis is determined by ease of amplification and sequencing, confidence of assessment in phylogenetic character alignment, and by variability across broad taxon sampling. Often, a compromise must be made between using relatively highly conserved coding regions or highly variable introns and intergenic spacers. Analyses of a combination of these types of DNA regions yield phylogenetic structure at various levels of a tree (i.e., along the spine and at the tips of the branches). Here, we demonstrate the phylogenetic utility …
Vegetative Anatomy Of Calypsoeae (Orchidaceae), William Louis Stern, Barbara S. Carlsward
Vegetative Anatomy Of Calypsoeae (Orchidaceae), William Louis Stern, Barbara S. Carlsward
Barbara S. Carlsward
Calypsoeae represent a small tribe of anatomically little-known orchids with a wide distribution in the Western Hemisphere. Leaves are present in all genera, except Corallorhiza and Wullschlaegelia both of which are subterranean taxa. Stomata are abaxial (ad- and abaxial in Aplectrum) and tetracytic (anomocytic in Calypso). Fiber bundles are absent in leaves of all taxa examined except Govenia tingens. Stegmata are present in leaves of only Cremastra and Govenia. Roots are velamentous, except in filiform roots of Wullschlaegelia. Vegetative anatomy supports a relationship between Wullschlaegelia and Corallorhiza but does not support the grouping of winter-leaved Aplectrum and Tipularia nor proposed …
The Correct Genus For The Jingle Bell Orchid, Harrisella Porrecta, Barbara S. Carlsward, Mark Whitten
The Correct Genus For The Jingle Bell Orchid, Harrisella Porrecta, Barbara S. Carlsward, Mark Whitten
Barbara S. Carlsward
No abstract provided.
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of Oncidiinae (Maxillarieae, Orchidaceae), William Louis Stern, Barbara S. Carlsward
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of Oncidiinae (Maxillarieae, Orchidaceae), William Louis Stern, Barbara S. Carlsward
Barbara S. Carlsward
Subtribe Oncidiinae comprises a vegetatively heterogeneous assemblage of species that has persistently been incapable of organization. Anatomy was considered to be a possible means to resolve the perplexity of relationships amongst the constituent taxa. The consistent occurrence of a foliar hypodermis, homogeneous mesophyll, conical silica bodies in stegmata, and ubiquitous fibre bundles in leaves provides a matrix for linking the taxa, as do the parenchymatous pith and O-thickened endodermal cell walls in roots. However, the strict consensus of the 40 genera studied was completely unresolved, suggesting that vegetative characters alone are insufficient to assess the relationships amongst these taxa, a …
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of The Angraecoids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae) With An Emphasis On The Leafless Habit, Barbara S. Carlsward, William Louis Stern, Benny Bytebier
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy And Systematics Of The Angraecoids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae) With An Emphasis On The Leafless Habit, Barbara S. Carlsward, William Louis Stern, Benny Bytebier
Barbara S. Carlsward
The vegetative anatomy and morphology of 142 species of the angraecoid orchids (Angraecinae + Aerangidinae) and 18 species of Aeridinae were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Leafless members of Vandeae were of particular interest because of their unique growth habit. Leafy and leafless members of Angraecinae and Aerangidinae were examined and compared with specimens of Aeridinae. Vandeae were homogeneous in both leaf and root anatomy. A foliar hypodermis and fibre bundles were generally absent. Stegmata with spherical silica bodies were found associated with sclerenchyma and restricted to leaves in almost all specimens examined. Distinct inner tangential wall thickenings …
Noteworthy Collections: Florida, Barbara S. Carlsward, J Richard Abbott
Noteworthy Collections: Florida, Barbara S. Carlsward, J Richard Abbott
Barbara S. Carlsward
No abstract provided.
Systematic And Comparative Anatomy Of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae), Sans Oncidiinae, William Louis Stern, Walter S. Judd, Barbara S. Carlsward
Systematic And Comparative Anatomy Of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae), Sans Oncidiinae, William Louis Stern, Walter S. Judd, Barbara S. Carlsward
Barbara S. Carlsward
On the basis of floral and vegetative morphology, 63 tropical American genera have been recognized within Maxillarieae. We were able to examine anatomical material of all subtribes, excluding Oncidiinae. Stegmata with conical silica bodies occur in leaves and stems of all subtribes excluding Ornithocephalinae, and pericyclic stegmata found in roots are characteristic of Lycastinae. Lycastinae and Maxillariinae are characterized by foliar glands, foliar fibre bundles and tilosomes. Endodermal cells are U-thickened in most Zygopetalinae; O-thickened in most Lycastinae, Ornithocephalinae and Telipogoninae; variously thickened in Maxillariinae; and thin-walled in Cryptarrhena lunata. Water-storage cells varied from thin-walled to variously banded throughout Maxillarieae. …
Comparative Leaf Anatomy And Systematics In Dendrobium, Sections Aporum And Rhizobium (Orchidaceae), Barbara S. Carlsward, William Lois Stern, Walter S. Judd, Terence W. Lucansky
Comparative Leaf Anatomy And Systematics In Dendrobium, Sections Aporum And Rhizobium (Orchidaceae), Barbara S. Carlsward, William Lois Stern, Walter S. Judd, Terence W. Lucansky
Barbara S. Carlsward
The specialized leaf anatomy for species of Dendrobium within section Aporum is similar to that of species in section Rhizobium. In both sections leaves are characterized by a unifacial or nearly unifacial surface where the exposed surface is abaxial. However, leaves in section Rhizobium also feature a lacuna submerged in the mesophyll and surrounded by an adaxial epidermis. In contrast, leaves in section Aporum merely present an internal suture that divides the leaf into bilateral halves. These two sections of Dendrobium are hypothesized to be sister taxa because of synapomorphies in their foliar anatomy. A cladistic analysis performed with various …
Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. W. Grant, P. F. Lyman, J. H. Hoogenraad, Barbara S. Carlsward, D. A. Arms, L. E. Seiberling, F. Namavar
Fabrication And Characterization Of Thin, Self‐Supporting Germanium Single Crystals, M. W. Grant, P. F. Lyman, J. H. Hoogenraad, Barbara S. Carlsward, D. A. Arms, L. E. Seiberling, F. Namavar
Barbara S. Carlsward
Thin Gesingle crystals (≤1 μm) up to 4 mm in diameter have been fabricated from epitaxialGefilmsgrown by atmospheric pressurechemical vapor deposition on Si(100) wafers. The thin Ge windows are formed by chemically etching away both the Si substrate and the region of the Gefilm near the interface that contains misfit dislocations associated with heteroepitaxialgrowth and relaxation of the Gefilms. The resulting Gefilms are comparable in crystalline quality to bulk Ge wafers, as indicated by ion channeling studies.