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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Molecular Biology
Probing Amyloid-Beta Protein Structure And Dynamics With A Selective Antibody, Shikha Grover
Probing Amyloid-Beta Protein Structure And Dynamics With A Selective Antibody, Shikha Grover
Dissertations
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The AD brain is characterized by significant neuronal loss and accumulation of insoluble fibrillar amyloid-β protein (Aβ) plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. However, over the last decade, many studies have shown that the neurodegenerative effect of Aβ may in fact be caused by various soluble oligomeric forms as opposed to the insoluble fibrils. Furthermore, the data suggest that a pre-fibrillar aggregated form, termed protofibrils, mediates direct neurotoxicity, and triggers a robust neuroinflammatory response.
Antibodies targeting the various conformation of Aβ are important therapeutic agents to prevent the progression …
Investigating The Role Of Fun30, A Chromatin Remodeler, In Dna Repair, Mehwish Iqbal
Investigating The Role Of Fun30, A Chromatin Remodeler, In Dna Repair, Mehwish Iqbal
Dissertations
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for maintaining genome stability. DSB repair needs to take place within the complex organization of the chromatin, and this requires changes in the chromatin structure adjacent to DSB sites. These changes occur through covalent histone modifications that alter histone-DNA contacts as well as by the action of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. Many chromatin remodelers, including Fun30, are involved in DSB repair. Fun30 facilitates DNA end resection at DSB site during the homologous recombination repair pathway. Apart from its role in DNA repair, Fun30 promotes gene silencing at heterochromatic loci such as telomeres, …
Granulins In Norm And Neurodegenerative Pathologies, Anukool Bhopatkar
Granulins In Norm And Neurodegenerative Pathologies, Anukool Bhopatkar
Dissertations
Granulins (GRNs) are small, cysteine-rich modules produced from the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor protein called progranulin (PGRN). GRNs are present in the form of seven tandem repeats within the precursor and are known to be produced in the extracellular and in lysosomal environments. In physiology, PGRN and GRNs plays pleiotropic roles such as neuronal growth and differentiation, immunomodulation, wound healing. Recent studies have implicated pathological role for PGRN in Alzheimer disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) but specific mechanism(s) remains unclear. However, potential interactions between GRNs and Ab42 and TDP-43 seem like a plausible underlying mechanism. Studies presented here …
Molecular Mechanism Of Cyanobacteria Circadian Clock Oscillator And Effect Of Co Factors On Its Oscillation, Manpreet Kaur
Molecular Mechanism Of Cyanobacteria Circadian Clock Oscillator And Effect Of Co Factors On Its Oscillation, Manpreet Kaur
Dissertations
The circadian rhythms arise as an adaptation to the environmental 24-hour day and night cycle due to Earth's rotation. These rhythms prepare organisms to align their internal biological activities and day to day behavior or events with the environmental change of the 24-hour day and night cycle. Circadian rhythms are found widely in all living kingdoms of life on Earth. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes which first used to study these circadian rhythms. Among cyanobacterial species, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (henceforth, S. Elongatus) is the simplest organism with a durable and sturdy circadian clock and is study as a model organism. …
Interactions Of The Nlrp3 Inflammasome Complex, Nyasha Makoni
Interactions Of The Nlrp3 Inflammasome Complex, Nyasha Makoni
Dissertations
The innate immune system is the first line of defense in response to invasion by pathogens. One of the major pathways in the innate immune system involves a three-protein complex known as the NLRP3 inflammasome. This complex comprises of NLRP3, ASC, and procaspase-1. In response to stimuli, the inflammasome assembles to activate caspase-1 which subsequently facilitates production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), an inflammatory cytokine. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid beta (Aβ) is the protein that causes AD and Aβ deposits in the brain activate microglia resulting in chronic inflammation. …
Chemoenzymatic Study Of Coa-Linked Rna In Bacteria, Krishna Sapkota
Chemoenzymatic Study Of Coa-Linked Rna In Bacteria, Krishna Sapkota
Dissertations
The ability of RNA to store genetic information and to catalyze biochemical transformations led to the speculation of the existence of RNA world before the evolution of contemporary ribonucleoprotein (RNP) world. Recent discovery of RNA molecules containing metabolic cofactors including coenzyme A and its various thioesters at their 5’ end further supported the RNA world hypothesis as these CoA-linked RNA molecules could be the molecular fossils with very ancient origin. As both RNA and Coenzyme A are believed to have co-existed since last universal common ancestor (LUCA) or even before, the CoA-RNA conjugates in current biology may reveal fundamental molecular …
Engineering Of Escherichia Coli 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex With Mechanistic And Synthetic Goals, Joydeep Chakraborty
Engineering Of Escherichia Coli 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex With Mechanistic And Synthetic Goals, Joydeep Chakraborty
Dissertations
The Escherichia coli 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) compromises multiple copies of three enzymes - 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1o), dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (E2o), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3). OGDHc is found in the Krebs cycle and catalyzes the formation of the all-important succinyl-Coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA). OGDHc was engineered to understand the catalytic mechanism and optimized for chemical synthetic goals.
Succinyl-CoA formation takes place within the catalytic domain of E2o via a transesterification reaction. The succinyl group from the thiol ester of S8-succinyldihydrolipoyl-E2o is transferred to the thiol group of CoA. Mechanistic studies were designed to investigate enzymatic transthioesterification. His375 and Asp374 was shown to …
Peroxisomal Protein Defects Disrupt Coordinated Peroxisomal Processes And Affect Early Seedling Development Through Accumulating Toxic Catabolic Intermediates, Ying Li
Dissertations
Many peroxisomal proteins act in β-oxidation processes on a range of substrates. It is unclear how these proteins are coordinated to determine the flux of peroxisomal processes and meet the requirements for plant growth and development. Using mutant analysis and metabolic profiling, I examined proteins predicted to act in fatty acid and indole-butyric-acid (IBA) β-oxidation. ECH2 confers enoyl-CoA hydratase activity for the auxiliary β-oxidation of fatty acids with an even cis-unsaturated bond. ECH2 was suggested to function in IBA β-oxidation, as ech2 seedlings have altered IBA response. ech2 seedlings have reduced root length and cotyledon area. ech2 seedlings accumulate 3-hydroxyoctenoate …
Roles Of Phospholipases And Ribosomal S6 Kinase In Lipid Remodeling And Growth In Arabidopsis Response To Phosphate Deprivation, Yuan Su
Dissertations
Phosphate (Pi) is one of three macronutrients for plants, which is vital for plant growth and development. Understanding the mechanism by which plants respond and adapt to Pi deficiency not only unveils functions of genes and pathways involved, but also provides potential tools to manipulate crops to better stand Pi stress in low Pi-containing lands. One of the significant metabolic changes in plants under Pi starvation is the membrane lipid remodeling that converts Pi-containing lipids such as phospholipids to Pi-free lipids, such as glycolipids. To elucidate the metabolism and regulation of lipid remodeling, this dissertation characterizes the role of two …
Uncovering The Identity And Metabolism Of Bacterial Coa-Rna, Joseph R. Spangler
Uncovering The Identity And Metabolism Of Bacterial Coa-Rna, Joseph R. Spangler
Dissertations
Coenzyme A is an indispensable molecule in all known life with roles in metabolism, gene regulation, and macromolecule synthesis. As CoA is derived from RNA itself, it’s incorporation into RNA by in vitro methods has proven useful in research probing the origin of life based on the RNA World theory. The discovery in contemporary bacteria of RNA modified with CoA, however, provided an unexpected twist to previously well-characterized bacterial systems. The identity of sequences associated with CoA-RNA has been elusive since their discovery in 2009 based on the difficulties in isolation while maintaining RNA quality. The aim of this study …
Molecular, Cellular And Systemic Effects Of Atrazine On The Xenopus Laevis Tadpole, Renee Maryanne Zaya
Molecular, Cellular And Systemic Effects Of Atrazine On The Xenopus Laevis Tadpole, Renee Maryanne Zaya
Dissertations
Atrazine is one of the two most commonly used herbicides in the US and it is the most studies are among the first to link physiological effects of atrazine to changes in tissue and gene expression in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. These studies provide the groundwork for future studies into the mechanisms behind responses to chemical stressors generating data resulting in a better understanding of how these chemicals affect us all. commonly found herbicide in ground water. As a result, a great deal of attention has been placed on its use and safety. It has also been implicated to play a …