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2002

Kansas State University Libraries

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Full-Text Articles in Other Animal Sciences

Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 2002

Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study determined the ability of Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow after different organic acid treatments in vacuum packaged cooked ground beef subjected to substandard (slow) cooling. Meat samples were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C. perfringens spores (ATCC 10388, NCTC 8238, and NCTC 8239), then vacuum-packaged, cooked in a water bath to 167°F internal temperature, and held 20 min. The water bath temperature was then lowered to 130°F, and samples were cooled from 130°F to 45°F over 18 hr. Samples were taken after inoculation, after cooking, and after cooling. In the event of substandard cooling, sodium …

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Factors Affecting The Price Paid For Spring-Yearling Bulls, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel, Daniel W. Moser Jan 2002

Factors Affecting The Price Paid For Spring-Yearling Bulls, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel, Daniel W. Moser

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Many factors are considered when commercial cow/calf producers buy bulls. Breeding system needs and breeder's preference determine which breed of bull will be purchased at a multi-breed sale. Our analysis of prices paid for bulls tested and sold through the Kansas Bull Test Station indicates that bull consigners' reputations and marketing techniques influence the price received for bulls at such an event. Individual performance and genetic potential are other areas of interest to bull buyers. Buying habits and prices indicate that commercial cow/calf operations use different traits, depending on the breed, to enhance their cowherd's production.

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Maximizing Desirable Ground Beef Color With Cold Storage And Display Temperatures, R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, D.E. Johnson, John A. Fox Jan 2002

Maximizing Desirable Ground Beef Color With Cold Storage And Display Temperatures, R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, D.E. Johnson, John A. Fox

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study evaluated the combined effects of storage temperature, storage time, display temperature, display time, and fat level on ground beef color. Storage at 32°F minimized discoloration during display compared to storage at 40° and 48°F. Storage up to 12 days at 32°F did not affect ground beef color stability, whereas prolonged storage at 40° and 48°F increased discoloration dramatically. When storage was at 32°F, sales loss was 0.4%, compared to 62% at 48°F. Fat level did not influence discoloration. The use of 32°F during storage and display is essential for maximizing ground beef color life.

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Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld Jan 2002

Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Samples from cattle with pneumonia and/or arthritis were cultured for Mycoplasma. When requested, the Mycoplasma isolates were further identified to species by polymerase chain reaction or restriction fragment length polymorphism. The records of all cases where mycoplasma testing was performed were examined and other infectious agents known to cause pneumonia or arthritis were recorded. Mycoplasma species were isolated from 85% of the lung samples and 69% of the joint samples. Eighty-four percent of the 81 Mycoplasma isolates that were further identified were M. bovis, which clearly made it the most common pathogenic agent identified in samples from cattle with pneumonia …

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Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham Jan 2002

Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie range during the winter of 2000-2001 were supplemented before calving either daily or three times weekly. The supplement contained 40% CP with 0, 15, 30, or 45% of the supplemental degradable intake protein from urea. Supplement was fed at 4 lbs/head daily to cows receiving supplement daily. Cows receiving supplement three times weekly were fed the same amount of weekly supplement, but split equally among their supplementation events. After calving, all cows received a supplement without urea on a daily basis. In general, prepartum supplements that contained more urea …

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Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius Jan 2002

Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The K-State Research and Extension Forage Task Force surveyed Kansas rangelands during the course of seasonal changes to enable producers and managers to better estimate the feed value of their pasture forage during particular times of the year. Kansas' two distinct rangeland vegetation types, shortgrass and tallgrass prairie, were evaluated. Forage samples were collected monthly from two rangeland sites in each of 10 Kansas counties. Tallgrass vegetation was lowest in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in crude protein (CP) from May to July, and rapidly increased in ADF and declined in CP the rest of the season. Shortgrass vegetation …

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Surface Roughening During Slicing Reduces Iridescence, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 2002

Surface Roughening During Slicing Reduces Iridescence, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated surface roughening during slicing as a way to decrease iridescence of pre-cooked cured beef bottom round, inside round, and eye of round roasts. Using a textured slicing blade surface decreased iridescence intensity and the area of iridescence compared to the control (smooth surface). Iridescence intensity and percentage of iridescent area was greatest in the eye of round, followed by the inside bottom round. Iridescence (both intensity and percentage of area) in sliced meat products can be reduced by using a meat-slicing blade with a textured face.

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Effects Of Mannanoligosaccharide And Sodium Chlorate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs During An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge With Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhimurium (2002), T E. Burkey, Jerome C. Nietfeld, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Mannanoligosaccharide And Sodium Chlorate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs During An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge With Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhimurium (2002), T E. Burkey, Jerome C. Nietfeld, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 28-day experiment was conducted to compare the effects of feeding mannanoligosaccharides (mannan) and sodium chlorate (chlorate) to weanling pigs as a possible substitute for the commonly used antimicrobialcarbadox. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 2 wk, then challenged orally with Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium to establish enteric disease. Average daily gain and ADFI were greater for pigs fed carbadox than all other treatments in the 2 wk following infection. During the first week after infection, pigs fed chlorate had greater G/F than control pigs, and pigs fed mannan tended to have greater G/F than control pigs. There were no …

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Garlic, Cold Storage And Heating Effects In Controlling Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Ground Beef, E. Ceylan, Melvin C. Hunt, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2002

Garlic, Cold Storage And Heating Effects In Controlling Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Ground Beef, E. Ceylan, Melvin C. Hunt, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This research evaluated the effect of garlic, cold storage and heating on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef patties. Ground beef (20% fat) inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to an initial inoculum level of 8 log10 CFU/g, was mixed with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% garlic powder (wt/wt). Samples were stuffed into 1 inch diameter test tubes and incubated at 40°F for 24 hr. Tubes were heated to internal temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 155 and 160°F, and E. coli O157:H7 was enumerated. Garlic addition lowered E. coli O157:H7 survival in ground beef heated to 150 and 155°F, and …

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Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs (2002), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, B W. James, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Increasing Ca:P Ratio In Diets Containing Phytase On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs (2002), S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, B W. James, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 144 growing-finishing pigs (72 barrows and 72 gilts; initially 85 lb) to determine the effects of calcium to total phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio on growth performance. Pigs were housed in an environmentally regulated finishing building with two pigs per pen and nine pens per sex per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were blocked by initial weight and sex, and then allotted to one of four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets fed in three phases. In each phase, diets consisted of a 1:1; 1.25:1; 1.5:1, and 2:1 Ca:P ratio. Diets were formulated to …

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Evaluation Of The Effects Of Wheat Gluten Source And Animal Plasma Blends On The Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, S M. Hanni, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, M G. Young, B W. James, T P. Keegan, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Wheat Gluten Source And Animal Plasma Blends On The Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, S M. Hanni, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, M G. Young, B W. James, T P. Keegan, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 472 weanling pigs (initially 13.5 lb) were used in two experiments to evaluate the effects of wheat gluten source (WG) and combinations with spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on growth performance of nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, the five dietary treatments included a control diet containing 6% SDAP, wheat gluten that was enzymatically hydrolyzed (Source 1), and a non-hydrolyzed wheat gluten (Source 2). The wheat gluten sources replaced L-lysine HCl and replaced 50% or 100% of the spray-dried animal plasma. From d 0 to 7, 7 to 14, and 0 to 21, increasing wheat gluten decreased (linear; P<0.05) ADG. There were no differences between wheat gluten sources. Average daily feed intake decreased similar to ADG, with the exception that ADFI of pigs fed wheat gluten Source 2 had only a slight decreasing trend (P<0.11) from d 0 to 7. Pigs fed the diet containing 6% SDAP had the greatest ADG and ADFI from d 0 to 21. When the SDAP was replaced with either wheat gluten source, ADG and ADFI linearly decreased (P<0.01) but F/G improved (P<0.04). When pigs were fed the common diet from d 21 to 35, there were no differences (P<0.05) in ADG, ADFI or F/G. In Exp. 2, the six dietary treatments included a negative control with no SDAP or WG (0:0 ratio), 9% WG (100:0 ratio), 6.75% WG and 1.25% SDAP (75:25 ratio) combination, 4.5% WG and 2.5% SDAP (50:50 ratio) combination, 2.25% WG and 3.75% SDAP (25:75 ratio) combination, and a positive control with 5% SDAP (0:100 ratio). The wheat gluten (Source 1) was enzymatically hydrolyzed, but from a different lot than Exp. 1. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed 6% SDAP had numerically greater ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed the negative control diet. However, replacing SDAP with increasing amounts of WG tended to decrease (P<0.10) ADG and ADFI. These results confirm the improved ADG and ADFI of pigs fed SDAP immediately after weaning. In these experiments, replacing SDAP with WG resulted in decreased ADG.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Effect Of Legume Persistence In Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore Jan 2002

Effect Of Legume Persistence In Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 135 steers grazed high-endophyte tall fescue pasture in 1998, 1999, and 2000 that had been previously interseeded with either lespedeza, red clover, or ladino clover during 1995, 1996, and 1997. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Pastures interseeded with ladino clover produced higher stocker gains in 1998 and more available forage and legume cover in all 3 years than those interseeded with lespedeza or red clover. Legume treatment had little effect on subsequent finishing performance. Results of this study indicate that lespedeza and red clover should be seeded …

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Timed Insemination Of Suckled Beef Cows After Ovulation Synchronization With Cosynch + Cidr, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2002

Timed Insemination Of Suckled Beef Cows After Ovulation Synchronization With Cosynch + Cidr, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Lactating beef cows (n=360) were synchronized using the Cosynch procedure; 100 μg of GnRH (day −7) followed in 7 days by 25 mg of PGF2α(day 0). A used intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR-B) was inserted on day −7 and removed at the time of PGF2αadministration. Cows were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of four treatments: 1) insemination beginning at 48 vs. 60 hours after PGF2αand 2) administration of a second, 100 μg injection of GnRH or an equivalent volume of saline immediately after timed AI. Timed AI at either 48 or 60 hours after PGF2αin a Cosynch + …

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Timed-Insemination Of Beef Heifers Using Cosynch With One Or Two Initial Injections Of Gnrh, David M. Grieger, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn Jan 2002

Timed-Insemination Of Beef Heifers Using Cosynch With One Or Two Initial Injections Of Gnrh, David M. Grieger, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our purpose was to determine if giving an additional injection of GnRH to beef heifers synchronized with the Cosynch protocol would increase pregnancy rate to timed A.I. Eighty yearling beef heifers received an injection of GnRH, 7 days before receiving an injection of PGF (Cosynch). One half of the heifers were also given an injection of GnRH 14 days prior to the PGF injection (2xGnRH-Cosynch). All heifers were given a GnRH injection 2 days after PGF and inseminated at that time. Pregnancy rate for the 2xGnRH-Cosynch group (40%) was not different than that for the Cosynch group (50%) and was …

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Effect Of Glycine Supplementation On Sulfur Amino Acid Use In Growing Cattle, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2002

Effect Of Glycine Supplementation On Sulfur Amino Acid Use In Growing Cattle, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Previous research has suggested the possibility that the supply of glycine, a nonessential amino acid, might affect how efficiently cattle use methionine. This study was conducted to determine the role of glycine on methionine utilization in growing steers as well as how glycine might impact utilization of cysteine, an amino acid produced in the body from methionine. In Exp. 1, treatments were abomasal infusion of 2 or 5 g/day L-methionine and 0 or 50 g/day glycine in a factorial arrangement. Efficiency of methionine use was 27% in the absence of supplemental glycine, but 66% in its presence. Glycine supplementation by …

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Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2001, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Jan 2002

Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2001, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains the title, author, and publication information for manuscripts published by station scientists. It also contains a list of the research projects that were active during that period and a financial statement for the fiscal year.

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Effects Of Soybean Meal Source And Level On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M G. Young, M J. Webster, M R. Barker, B W. James, C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Soybean Meal Source And Level On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M G. Young, M J. Webster, M R. Barker, B W. James, C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 525 weanling pigs (initially 13.0 lb) were used in two experiments to evaluate the effects of soybean meal source and level on growth performance of early weaned pigs. In both experiments, dietary treatments included a control diet containing no soybean meal, or diets containing 20% or 40% of either solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) or extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESoy). In Exp. 1, diets were formulated with NRC (1998) nutrient values for the solvent extracted soybean meal and previously determined values (1998 KSU Swine Day Report of Progress) for the extruded-expelled soybean meal. In Exp. 1, from d …

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Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio In Pigs Grown In A Commercial Finishing Environment (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio In Pigs Grown In A Commercial Finishing Environment (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seven experiments using 7,801 pigs (75 to 265 lb) were conducted to determine the biologic and economic effects of increasing dietary lysine in commercially reared grow-finish pigs. Each study was generally 28 d long and evaluated a different weight range of the grow-finish period for barrows (3 trials) and gilts (4 trials), respectively. All studies contained six dietary treatments of incrementally increasing lysine:calorie ratio. The primary response criteria measured were growth, carcass, and economic performance. Pigs fed high-energy diets in early finishing (<150 lb) have only moderate biological responses to a wide range of dietary lysine. However, increasing dietary lysine levels in late finishing (>150 lb) has more quantitatively significant effects on growth and carcass performance. Due the magnitude of the …

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Phosphorus Requirements Of Grow-Finish Pigs Raised In A Commercial Environment (2002), C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Phosphorus Requirements Of Grow-Finish Pigs Raised In A Commercial Environment (2002), C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We conducted three experiments to identify available phosphorus (aP) requirements of pigs reared in commercial facilities. In a pilot study (Exp. 1), 600 gilts (PIC, initially 95.2 lb) were randomly allotted to a low or high dietary P regimen in a 98-d study. Pigs were phase-fed six diets from 95 to 106, 106 to 150, 150 to 183, 183 to 212, 212 to 245, and 245 to 267 lb. Corresponding aP concentrations were: 0.30, 0.28, 0.27, 0.27, 0.24, and 0.19% (low) and 0.37, 0.33, 0.30, 0.28, 0.27, and 0.26% (high). No differences were observed (P>0.10) in ADG and overall …

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Salmonella Spp. Risk Assessment For Cooking Of Blade Tenderized Prime Rib, J.W. Wendelburg, D.L. Lambert, H. Thippareddi, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden Jan 2002

Salmonella Spp. Risk Assessment For Cooking Of Blade Tenderized Prime Rib, J.W. Wendelburg, D.L. Lambert, H. Thippareddi, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Prime rib is generally prepared by cooking to low temperatures for long times to attain the desired tenderness and juiciness. Destruction of Salmonella spp. in blade tenderized prime rib was examined by following cooking procedures commonly used by chefs. Beef ribs (boneless) were inoculated with Salmonella spp. to attain initial surface levels of about 5.75 log10 CFU/cm2. The ribs were blade tenderized (one pass) using a Ross blade tenderizer. Each was split into two equal sections. One half was cooked to a target internal temperature of 110 and the other half to 120°F, then tempered at room temperature for up …

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Using Heart Girth To Determine Weight In Finishing Pigs (2002), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Using Heart Girth To Determine Weight In Finishing Pigs (2002), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heart girth and body weight were measured on 100 growing-finishing pigs (50 to 273 lb) at the KSU Swine Teaching and Research Center. Heart girth, in inches, was measured using a cloth measuring tape. The tape was placed directly behind the front legs and then wrapped around the heart girth and read directly behind the shoulders. Heart girth was strongly correlated (R2=0 .98) with body weight, with the following regression equation: pig weight = 10.1709 × Heart girth - 205.7492. The 95% confidence interval shows the projected weight to be ±10 lb of the actual weight of the pig. To …

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Effects Of Ractopamine (Paylean) Dose And Feeding Duration On Pig Performance In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Ractopamine (Paylean) Dose And Feeding Duration On Pig Performance In A Commercial Finishing Facility (2002), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,035 gilts were used in a 28- day trial conducted in a commercial research facility to determine the influence of ractopamine (PayleanTM) dose (4.5 or 9.0 g/ton) and feeding duration (7, 14, 21, or 28 days prior to slaughter) on pig performance and carcass composition. Ractopamine supplementation at 4.5 g/ton for 14 to 28 days, and 9 g/ton for 7 to 28 days, improved (P<0.05) ADG by 26 to 35% (0.35 - 0.46 lb/d) and F/G by 16 to 20% (0.64 to 0.79) during the 28-days prior to slaughter. Due to these improvements in growth, carcass weights increased 8 to 10 pounds over controls. Fat depth and lean percentage improved (linear, P<0.01) with increased feeding duration. Ractopamine dose did not affect carcass lean parameters. However, carcass yield improved (P<005) when ractopamine was fed at 9.0 g/ton. Feed cost per pound of gain increased (P<0.01) with increasing feeding duration for Paylean and was greater (P<0.05) for pigs fed the 9.0 g/ton dose for 28 days as compared to the control. However, feeding ractopamine at 4.5 g/ton for 14 to 28 days and 9 g/ton for 7 to 28 days improved income over feed costs by $3.53 to $ 4.76 per head compared to pigs fed the control diet. Return over feed costs improved due to the increased carcass weights and improved feed efficiency with the greatest values achieved with a 14 to 21 day feeding duration. These data indicate feeding ractopamine at either 4.5 or 9.0 g/ton for 14 to 21 days prior to slaughter is a cost-effective strategy to optimize return while minimizing increases in feed cost per pound of gain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 170 weanling pigs (initially 16.4 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of alternative protein sources on growth performance of pigs fed from d 5 to 26 after weaning. All pigs were fed a common diet from weaning to d 5. The five dietary treatments were cornsoybean meal-based and included a control diet containing 10% dried whey, or the control diet with 5% select menhaden fish meal, 2.5% spray-dried blood cells, 3.73% enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten (Source 1), or 3.51% flash-dried wheat gluten (Source 2). No differences were observed in overall ADG and ADFI; however, pigs fed …

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The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 27 To 44 Lb (2002), B W. James, C W. Hastad, K R. Lawrence, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 27 To 44 Lb (2002), B W. James, C W. Hastad, K R. Lawrence, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 20-d growth assay was conducted to determine the appropriate true ileal digestible lysine requirement to maximize growth performance of pigs between 27 to 44 lb. The basal diet (1.0% true ileal digestible lysine; 20.1% CP) was corn-soybean meal-based and was formulated to contain 3% added fat. Sand was substituted with L-lysineâ‹…HCl to form the other treatment diets (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4% true ileal digestible lysine). The positive control contained more soybean meal than the basal diet (44.2 vs. 32.2% of the diet) and no L-lysineâ‹…HCl to provide 1.3% true ileal digestible lysine. Growth performance improved (quadratic, P<0.04) with increasing true ileal digestible lysine and was maximized at 1.1% true ileal digestible lysine. Feed efficiency was better (quadratic, P<0.01) for pigs fed increasing true ileal digestible lysine and was best for pigs fed 1.3% true ileal digestible lysine. These results indicate that the true ileal digestible lysine requirement for the 27 to 44 lb pig is at least 1.1% for ADG and 1.3% for feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Pilus Genes In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs With Diarrhea (2002), Jerome C. Nietfeld, T Yeary Jan 2002

Pilus Genes In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs With Diarrhea (2002), Jerome C. Nietfeld, T Yeary

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A retrospective survey of the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory records was made for Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with diarrhea. There were 111 E. coli isolates that carried genes for attachment pili that are necessary for E. coli to cause diarrhea. Of the 111 isolates, 103 had one pilus gene and eight had two pilus genes. The most common pilus type was the K88 pilus accounting for 73% of the isolates. All but one of the K88 isolates also carried at least one toxin gene indicating that they were virulent for pigs. The next most common pilus type was …

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Effect Of Dexamethasone Injection At Birth On Growth Performance Of Pigs From Birth To Weaning (2002), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effect Of Dexamethasone Injection At Birth On Growth Performance Of Pigs From Birth To Weaning (2002), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 82 litters were used in a 21-day study to evaluate the effect of injecting litters of pigs with dexamethasone within 24 hours of birth on growth rate from birth to weaning. Experimental treatments consisted of an injection of 1 mg dexamethasone solution (2mg/mL, Prolab Ltd, St. Joseph, MO) to all pigs within a litter, while pigs in control litters did not receive a dexamethasone injection. There was no difference in growth rate from birth to weaning between pigs injected with dexamethasone and control pigs. Number of pigs weaned per litter and preweaning mortality were not different. In …

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Efficiency Differences In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production, L. Stryker, R. Jones, M. Langmeier Jan 2002

Efficiency Differences In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production, L. Stryker, R. Jones, M. Langmeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

For the beef industry to be economically competitive with other meat industries, it is essential that individual producers strive for the most efficient, highest quality, least cost production possible. A sample of 26 Kansas beef cow-calf enterprises from the Kansas Standardized Performance Analysis database (SPA) was used to measure efficiency differences among producers, as well as factors contributing toward these differences. On average, farms were 86% technical, 69% economic, and 58% overall efficient. Thus, our results suggest that output could be increased by 14% with optimal technology use, and cost could be decreased by 42% if farms were fully economically …

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Immune Response In Feeder Cattle Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, M.F. Spire, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, J. Ernest Minton, James J. Higgins, T.H. Elsasser, James S. Drouillard Jan 2002

Immune Response In Feeder Cattle Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, M.F. Spire, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, J. Ernest Minton, James J. Higgins, T.H. Elsasser, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies were conducted utilizing crossbred beef steers to evaluate immune response following endotoxin challenge. In Trial 1 steers (n = 20; 688 lb BW) were fed diets containing rolled full-fat soybeans (SOY) or tallow (TALLOW). In Trial 2, steers (n=18; 780 lb BW) were fed diets containing TALLOW, flaxseed (FLAX), or a micro-algae (ALGAE) top-dressed to the TALLOW diet. Both FLAX and ALGAE were sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In both trials, diets were fed for a 14-day acclimation period prior to intravenous injection of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) endotoxin. Injection of LPS in Trial 1 resulted in higher …

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Effects Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Performance And Carcass Quality Of Feedlot Heifers, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard Jan 2002

Effects Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Performance And Carcass Quality Of Feedlot Heifers, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty yearling heifers (827 lb initial body weight) were fed finishing diets an average of 95 days. To eliminate social interaction and riding, they were fed in individual pens. Diets were formulated using steam-flaked corn and alfalfa hay. Thirty of the heifers were given 0.5 mg/head daily of MGA. Feed intakes, daily gains, and feed efficiencies were not significantly affected by MGA. However, heifers fed MGA had a greater percentage of carcasses grading USDA Prime and Choice. There also was greater incidence of USDA yield grade 3 and 4 carcasses with MGA supplementation. MGA generally increased fat deposition, but had …

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Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2002

Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 35-day receiving experiments were conducted using 668 highly stressed crossbred beef heifers to evaluate differences in growth performance, morbidity, and mortality when fed diets containing differing sources of dietary lipid. Heifers received diets containing beef tallow, tallow enriched with a microalgae product containing a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid), full-fat soybeans, or ground flaxseed. All diets contained approximately 60% concentrate and 40% roughage (alfalfa hay). Feed intake, daily gain, and feed efficiency were poorer (P<0.05) for cattle fed full-fat soybeans than for those fed the other treatments. Feed intake tended to be reduced when micro-algae was top-dressed to the diet, but gain was not negatively impacted. In Trial 2, feed efficiency was improved by the micro-algae. No notable differences among treatments were evident in the percentage of cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease, but cattle fed flaxseed tended to respond better to therapeutic treatments, requiring fewer retreatments.

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