Other Animal Sciences Commons^™

Isolation Of Lactoferrin And Its Concentration In Sows’ Colostrum And Milk During A 21-Day Lactation, J. I. Elliot, B. Senft, G. Ernhardt, D. Fraser

Nutrition Collection

Levels of lactoferrin, an Fe-binding protein with bacteriostatic properties, were determined in the colostrum and milk of Yorkshire sows during a 21-d lactation. Lactoferrin levels averaged 1,100 to 1,300 μg/ml near the time of farrowing, then declined sharply during the first week of lactation. Concentration of lactoferrin showed considerable variation among sows, but not among teat positions (anterior to posterior). A method for isolating high purity swine lactoferrin is described.

Some Factors Influencing The Availability Of Colostrum To Piglets, D. Fraser

Physiology Collection

Five experiments, involving the hand milking of 53 farrowing sows, examined aspects of colostrum yield during and soon after farrowing. The initial and abundant yield of colostrum from a teat (averaging 6 to 10 g/min) declined after several minutes of continuous milking. Thereafter, most colostrum was released in discrete ejections, possibly caused by discrete releases of oxytocin. Colostrum ejections varied greatly in their yield and duration, and were sometimes associated with the birth of a piglet, sounds of other sows nursing, or other factors.

Teats varied greatly in their yield. During the initial minutes of milking, the most anterior teats …

The Use Of Buffer Zones In Dingo Control, P C. Thomson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The aim of dingo control is to protect livestock, not to eliminate dingos from Australia's vast ininhabited areas. However, with labour costs rising, dingo control must become more cost effective.

In this article, P.C. Thomson discusses the "buffer zone" control strategy which involves removing dingos from a strip of country adjacent to stocked land.

Although variations of this strategy have existed for some time, detailed knowledge of dingo behaviour and movement patterns was required to ensure that the concept was soundly based. Much of this information came from a long-term study of dingos carried out in unstocked country and adjacent …

Dingoes And Sheep In Pastoral Areas, P C. Thomson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since 1975, a long-term study of dingoes in the Fortescue River area of northern Western Australia has sought to provide the detailed information necessary to devise efficient dingo management strategies.

Dingoes have been fitted with radio-transmitter collars, then tracked and observed from a specially equipped aircraft. Their movements, breeding, hunting and social behaviour have been monitered in the rugged, spinifex-covered ironstone terrain which represents typicaldingo refuge country, and in neighbouring sheep country.

Although the pastoral and agricultural industry have long recognised the need to control dingoes to protect livestock, particularily sheep, there is little published evidence about the type of …

The Question Of Animal Awareness, Francoise Wemelsfelder

Sentience Collection

The problem of animal awareness lies at the interface of science and philosophy. As a starting point for the study of phenomena such as awareness, mind, consciousness, etc., we hardly have any reference other than our own human experience and in the context of a nondualistic ontology this can be justified. In philosophy and psychology it appears to be very difficult to give direct operational definitions of terms such as consciousness, etc. So we might expect this to be even more difficult in the study of animals. A detailed knowledge of animals and their behaviour is necessary in order to …

Animal Boredom: Is A Scientific Study Of The Subjective Experiences Of Animals Possible?, Françoise Wemelsfelder

Sentience Collection

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between different meta-scientific frameworks and the science of animal welfare. Animal Boredom 117 During the past few years, I have become more and more convinced that the great difficulty science has in studying subjective experience in its objects, might be related to the denial of any role to subjective experience in the observer as an interpretational guide. Can a quality in the world around us be observed, when this same quality is deliberately excluded from the process of observing?

As a practical example for the discussion described above, the phenomenon …

Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) Aus Der Mongolei, Regine Eck

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Von 1974-1979 wurden 273 Vespinae gesammelt, die 8 Arten angehören: Dolichovespula norwegica, D. saxonica, D adulterina, D. sylvestris, D. asiatica, Vespula vulgaris, V. gennanica, V . rufa.

Der Gegenwärtige Forschungsstand Über Baragschun Und Seine Zukunftsaussichten, S. Šatar, D. Dawaa

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

First paragraph:

In den Höhlen und Felsnischen der Hochgebirge der Mongolei findet man den Le iden und Krankheiten heilenden Wunderteer - Baragschun. Seit jeher wußten die Menschen den hohen Wert des Baragschun zu schätzen und dieses Material zu verwenden. Die Könige und der Adel haben dieses magische Heilmittel zusammen mit Gold und Edelsteinen aufbewahrt. In den heiligen Schrjften und Büchern wurde der Stoff als „magischer Teer", „Lebensstein" und „Wundetielixier" beschrieben.

Zur Blattanatomie Einiger Stipa-Arten, Z. Schamsran, Č. Žargalceceg

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Ковыли являются широко распространенными эдификаторами растительных соо бществ Монголии и входят в состав кормовых трав пастбищных животных (А . А. Юна.тов, 1954). В. И. Грубов, 1955 различ а ет 10 видов ковыля на территории МНР.

Определе ние видов ковыля, особенно в нецветущем состоянии, встречается с некоторыми трудностями.

Мы попытались выяснить некоторых отличий в анатомических строениях листа у некоторых видов ковыля, что облегчило бы выяснению дополнительного критерия в их определении.

Анатомическое строение листьев при поперечном разрезе у исследованных видов ковыля в общих чертах сходно с таковыми у европейских.

Мы рассмотрили нек о торы е особ енности ан а томического строения листье …

Zur Verbreitung Und Chemie Von Flechten Der Mongolischen Volksrepublik, Siegfried Huneck, Josef Poelt, Teuvo Ahti, Orvo Vitikainen, Ulzijn Cogt

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Für das Gebiet der MVR werden Fundpunkte von 102 Flechtenart;en mitgeteilt. Davon sind 11 Arten neu für die MVR. 21 Arten wurden chemisch analysiert.

На территории МНР были собраны на разных местах 102 вида лижайников. Из них 11 вид является нозыми для МНР и для 21 вида проводился химический анализ.

Ökofaunistische Untersuchungen Über Die Heteropterenfauna Der Nw-Mongolei, Ursula Göllner-Scheiding

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Im Verlaufe der 1977 und 1978 in drei verschiedenen Höhenstufen im Gebirge Charchiraa-uul, Aimak Uvs, im NW der Mongolei durchgeführten ökologischen Untersuchungen konnten auch 64 Arten mit 1539 Exemplaren aus 15 Familien d er Heteroptera erbeutet werden. Die Fänge wurden vor allem mit Hlife von Barberfallen und Gelbschalen erzielt. Am stärksten vertreten waren die beiden Familien der Miridae und Lygaeidae, von den übrigen Familien wurden j eweils nur wenige (eine bis höchstens vier) Arten gefangen. Der größte Teil der Arten wurde in beiden Jahren in der montanen Stufe II gefangen mit 44,4 % im Jahre 1977 und 46,6 % im …

Vergleichend Biologisch-Ökologische Untersuchungen In Hochgebirgen Der Nordwest- Und Südmongolei: Allgemeiner Bericht, Werner Hilbig, Michael Stubbe, N. Dawaa, Z. Schamsran, M. Dorn, K. Helmecke, D. Bumžaa, K. Ulykpan

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

In den Jahren 1976 bis 1978 führten Biologen der Martin-Luther-Universität HalleWittenberg und der Staatlichen Mongolischen Universität Ulan-Bator Arbeiten zur Höhenstufenzonierung des Charchiraa-Gebirges in der Nordw estmongolei d urch. In der Steppen- (1340 m), Lärchenwald- (2150 m) und alpinen Zone (2375 m) wurden Meßstationen errichtet, in denen über mehrere Wochen der Monate Juni bis August gearbeitet wurde. Paralleluntersuchungen konnten im Juni/Juli 1979 in dem ariden Gebirgszug Ich-bogd im Gobi-Altai (Halbwüste 1300 m, Bergsteppe 2500 m, alpine Matte 2740 m) durchgeführt werden. Der allgemeine Bericht .informiert über Aufgabenstellung, Ablauf der Expeditionen, Untersuchungsmethoden, Lage, Geologie und Klima der Untersuchungsgebiete sowie über allgemeine Erkenntnisse …

Rabbits North Of Carnarvon, D R. King

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In Westeern Australia rabbits are mainly a pest along the south-western coastal parts of the State, but there are populations north of the Tropic of Capricorn. Rabbits after crossing the Nullarbour plain from South Australia and colonising the South-West of the State, were reported to have reached the west coast near Geraldton by 1912 and then spread northwards.

There is little information on the biologhy of rabbits in the northan parts of their range, but pastoralists in some areas are concerned about erosion and damage to vegetation on their stations when rabbits reach high numbers.

The Agricultural Protection Board undertook …

Myxomatosis In Western Australia, D R. King, S. H. Wheeler

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since myxomatosis was introduced to Western Australia in the early 1950s rabbit plagues have ceased. However, myxomatosis has not proven to be the whole answer to the rabit problem.

Rabits continue to damage crops and pastures in many areas and resurgences of rabbit populations are reported from time to time.

Drs D.R. King and S. H. Wheeler of the Agricultural Protection Board's research section have been studying the way myxomatosis epidemics occur and spread in rabbit populations in a range of Western Australian environments. This research will provide data for planning effective control strategies intergrating the various control options available …

Effects Of Compudose® Implants On Performance Carcass, Meat Quality Traits And Serum Testosterone In Young Boars (1984), T Timmis, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, G Highfill, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Implanting boar pigs at 100 lb with 24 mg of Compudose 200® (estradiol 17β) had no significant effect on "boar odor" in meat, rate of gain, feed efficiency, carcass leanness or meat quality traits. The presence of a 7 to 8 mo old gilt in the pen decreased rate of growth in both control and implanted boars, but contrary to our expectations did not increase the incidence of "boar odor".; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1984

Efficacy Of Ectrin® (Fenvalerate) For Sarcoptic Mange Control In Swine (1984), E L. Wooten, A B. Broce, D S. Pollmann

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of fenvalerate (Ectrin®) for control of sarcoptic mange mites in swine. Artificially infested pigs were treated with two sprayings of Ectrin at 0.05% concentration with 1 wk interval between sprayings. One week after the first spraying, mite numbers and clinical signs of mange had decreased in treated animals but remained elevated in infested-nontreated pigs. Four weeks after the first spraying (3 wk after the second spraying), no mites were found in scrapings from the Ectrin-treated pigs and the amount of scratching and rubbing in those pigs decreased compared with the infested- nontreated …

Digestibility Of Fat Sources By Growing Pigs (1984), De-Fa Li, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A digestion trial was conducted with 12 crossbred barrows averaging 48 lb to evaluate the digestibility of various fat sources. Fat sources evaluated were soybean oil, a 85% dry fat product composed of animal and vegetable fat, and a 80% dry fat product made by encapsulating choice white grease with casein. The control diet was a 18% crude protein corn-soybean meal diet with 10% cornstarch. Fat sources were added to the basal diet at the expense of cornstarch to supply 8% added fat. A crossover design was used with three pigs per diet in each of two periods. Digestibility of …

Comparison Of Feeding Systems For Finishing Swine (1984), J Vargas Vargas, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials using 240 finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate meal feeding and ad libitum dry and wet feeding. Growth rate was significantly improved by wet feeding in trial 1. Overall, a 5% improvement in growth rate occurred by wet feeding in both trials when compared with meal-feeding or ad libitum dry feeding. Feed efficiency was similar for pigs fed meals, and ad libitum dry or wet diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1984

Time-Restricted Feeding Of Pigs: Social And Feeding Behavior (1984), J Vargas Vargas, J V. Craig, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty finishing pigs were used to evaluate effects of time-restricted feeding on social interactions and feeding patterns of pigs at feeding time. Correlation analysis for pairs of traits, involving feeding activities, social interactions, and rate of gain indicate that more aggressive pigs went first to the feeder, fed more frequently, and gained faster. Although on continuous artificial lighting, timed-fed pigs displayed more feeding and aggressive behavior during day light hours.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1984

Effect Of Reduced Nighttime Temperature On Nursery Pig Performance (1984), David A. Nichols, Frank Blecha, M Johnston, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 144 weaned pigs were used to evaluate the effect of reduced nighttime temperatures on pig performance. No differences were observed in average daily feed intake, daily gain, or feed efficiency regardless of temperature treatment. These results indicate that constant high temperature may not be required for nursery pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1984

Performance Of Young Pigs Fed Sorghum Grain Damaged By Lesser Grain Borer Or Fungal Invasion (1984), J C. Dietz, Keith C. Behnke, C W. Deyoe, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nutritional quality and physical conditions were used to evaluate grain sorghum damaged by either the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) or by nontoxin-producing fungi. Experimental treatments were: 1) control 04.0% moisture), 2) lesser grain borer (LGB) (14% moisture with initial infestation of 4.5 adults/lb of grain) and 3) fungal (Fungal) (15.5% moisture). Control grain was used to formulate a 17% crude protein diet. The remaining dietary treatments were formulated by replacing the control grain with the two damaged grains on a weight basis. Forty-five female Yorkshire and 12 crossbred male pigs, with an average initial weight of 22 lb …

Effects Of Source And Level Of Supplemental Energy On Reproductive Performance Of Sows (1984), S Christianson, G L. Allee, D S. Pollmann, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three feeding trials utilizing 185 sows (149 primiparous and 36 multiparous) were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various levels and sources of supplemental energy during lactation and from weaning to rebreeding on sow reproductive performance. Sows fed tallow (5% or 10%) during lactation had reproductive performance similar to sows fed the basal milo-soybean meal diet. Ad libitum feed intake was not affected by the addition of tallow for either the last week of lactation or for the entire three week lactation. However, daily digestible energy (DE) intake was increased with the addition of tallow to diets. Survival rate …

Fat In Late Gestation Sow Diets: Effects On Pig Survival And Growth (1984), G L. Allee, George A. Milliken, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An on-farm experiment was conducted utilizing 140 sows to compare the effect of feeding either fat or additional corn during late gestation on subsequent pig performance. Beginning on day 100 of gestation and until the day of farrowing, sows were fed 6 lb daily of a corn-soybean meal diet top-dressed with either 1 lb of fat or 2.25 lb of corn. Litter size was equalized within 24 hr of farrowing. Feeding fat to sows during late gestation increased (P<.05) the number of pigs weaned per litter by .4 pig compared to feeding additional corn. Sows fed supplemental fat during late gestation weaned heavier litters (P=.06) compared to sows fed extra corn. These results indicate that feeding fat during late gestation to sows with a high energy intake increased pig survival over that obtained when the same calories were provided with corn.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1984

Successful Induction Of Estrus During Lactation For Sows Separated From Their Litters (1984), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of inducing estrus during lactation by temporarily separating the litter from the sow during the last week of lactation. Lactating sows were removed daily from their litters for either 1) 3 hr /day (n=20), 2) 6 hr /day (n=39), or 3) 12 hr /day (n=10) during the last 8 days of lactation and exposed to an intact boar for at least 1 hr during the separation period. Litters were weaned from control sows at either 2 (n=13) or 4 (n=15) weeks for comparison of intervals to estrus following complete weaning or temporary separation. …

Interactions Of Copper, Selenium, And Vitamin E For Weanling Swine (1984), A J. Thulin, D S. Pollmann, Frank Blecha, G A. Kennedy, P Whetter, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One-hundred and sixty pigs were utilized to evaluate possible interactions between copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and vitamin E (E) on growth and immunity of starter pigs. Copper (260 ppm) added to the diet did not effect Se and/or E utilization for growth, feed efficiency (FE), or immunity. However, addition of 260 ppm of Cu to the diets of starter pigs resulted in an 8% improvement in feed intake (FI) and a 13% improvement in average daily gain (ADG) for the first 2 wk on test. There was no effect on performance due to E additions. However, addition of .3 ppm …

Creep Feeding And Phytohemagglutinin Skin-Test Responses In Pigs (1984), Frank Blecha, D S. Pollmann, D M. Vanwormer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of creep feeding on cellular immunity in young pigs. Creep feeding from 10 days of age to weaning did not influence phytohemagglutinin skin-test responses.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1984

Limiting Amino Acids In Sorghum Grain Protein For Adult Female Swine (1984), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, D S. Pollman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 4 x 4 Latin square designs were used with 16 gilts at 10 mo of age and weighing 341 lb (gravid) and 301 lb (nongravid) to determine the limiting nitrogenous factors in sorghum grain protein for adult gravid (70th day postcoitum) and nongravid swine. Supplementation of the fortified sorghum grain diet with lysine increased (P<.05) nitrogen retention in both nongravid and gravid gilts. A further addition of threonine also increased (P>.05) nitrogen retention in both nongravid and gravid gilts. However, addition of both lysine and threonine to the sorghum diet failed to result in nitrogen retention equal to that observed for the control diet. Percentage of nitrogen digested was higher (P<.05) for the control diet than for the basal diet or the two diets with lysine and threonine added. Blood urea nitrogen was reduced (P<.05) when lysine was added to the basal diet with an additional reduction when threonine also was added to the diet. However, the control diet caused higher blood urea values when compared to both supplemented diets. These results suggest that another amino acid may be limiting in the sorghum grain diet supplemented with both lysine and threonine. These data and other published data demonstrate that lysine and threonine are the first and second limiting amino acids in sorghum grain for adult gravid and nongravid swine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1984

Effect Of Insecticide Impregnated Ear Tags On Horn Fly Populations And Suckling Calf Performance, D. Simms, T. Willman, R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trials were conducted to determine the effect of insecticide impregnated ear tags on horn fly counts and weight gain of suckling calves. In trials 1 and 2, cow calf pairs on two Kansas ranches were assigned to these treatments: 1) Control - no tag, 2) Cows Only - 1 tag per cow, 3) Calf Only - 1 tag per calf, and 4) Cow and Calf - 1 tag each. Each tag treatment was in a separate pasture. All insecticide tag treatments reduced (P<.05) horn flies on cows and calves in July and August; however, by September the tags were only reducing (P<.05) flies on cows. While the weight gain response to tags was variable, when trials were combined, all tag treatments increased (P<.05) calf gains over controls. Using a single tag per cow was better (P<.05) than a single tag per calf, while tagging both the cow and calf was no better than either single tag treatment. Average fly counts for each pasture were negatively correlated with calf weight gains indicating a strong relationship between fly populations and calf performance. In trial 3, apparent horn fly resistance to the insecticide in the tags resulted in terminating the trial mid-summer. Research in Kansas and other states indicates that horn fly resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is becoming a common problem which means that producers may need to revert to previously used methods of horn fly control.

Effect Of Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride Coating Added To Compudose Implants In Grazing Steers, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding an oxytetracycline coating to Compudose implants did not change their effectiveness. Implanting with Compudose significantly increased gain of grazing steers an average of 17% compared to non-implanted controls.

Kansas Steer Futurities - The Record On Retained Ownership 1974-1983, C. Lambert, D. Simms, B. Schalles, L. Corah, Gerry L. Kuhl, M. Sands

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Spring born steer calves, weaned and delivered to custom feedlots by Kansas producers, were fed to slaughter weight. Gain and carcass information was gathered on over 5,000 head fed in 53 separate tests since the fall of 1974. Retaining ownership of steers through the feedlot phase has been profitable for producers in six of the last nine years, and in only two years have losses been large. Those same calves, if sold at weaning, would have been profitable in only three of the last nine years, using Kansas Farm Management Association average costs of production. The cattle averaged 59 percent …