Other Animal Sciences Commons^™

Utilization Of The Intact Male For Red Meat Production: A Review, S. C. Seideman, H. R. Cross, R. R. Oltjen, B. D. Schanbacher

Contraception and Sterilization

Castration has long been a traditional practice in the United States. Research studies indicate that intact males grow more rapidly, utilize feed more efficiently and produce a higher-yielding carcass with less fat and more edible product. The disadvantages of the intact male include aggressive behavior (bull and boar); undesirable odors and flavors (boar and ram); lower quality grade (bull); lower meat tenderness (bull and ram) and undesirable meat color (bull and ram). Research is needed to develop antemortem and(or) postmortem handling procedures that offset the disadvantages of the intact male so that the meat and livestock industry can take advantage …

Human-Bear Interactions In The Backcountry Of Yosemite National Park, Bruce Charles Hastings

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to quantitatively document interactions between black bears and backcountry visitors, and to identify the factors affecting those encounters. Fine hundred and ninety-two interactions were observed. The most common responses of visitors to bears were to watch, walk toward, and talk to others and/or point at the bear. Bears responded to humans largely by walking away, watching, traveling around, walking toward, and running away from people.

Each behavior for both species was categorized into one of four response classes: (1) fear/avoidance, (2) neutrality, (3) approach, or (4) aggression. Over 65 percent of visitor responses were …

Forecast Of Farm Animal Numbers And Feed And Fertilizer Requirements To 1990 For Connecticut And New England, Tsoung-Chao Lee, Stanley K. Seaver

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Genetic Adaptation In Relation To Animal Welfare, R. G. Beilharz

Genetics Collection

In this essay I outline the processes of adaptation of animals and of animal populations and discuss their relevance to the problem of animal welfare. Because "animal welfare" has many different aspects including philosophical, ethical, and biological, it is important to examine some of the fundamental issues that underly the concept. Hence, in this essay, I comment on how people come to "know," how information accumulates, and how what we know influences our actions. I also discuss the biological information that is relevant to animal welfare. It is my hope that, when this topic has been placed within a broader …

The Problem Of Pain: What Do Animals Really Feel?, Dana H. Murphy

Sentience Collection

Much of the contention and confusion that seem inevitably to arise whenever the subject of pain in animals comes up appear to stem principally from problems with the word "pain" itself. When used to describe responses in humans, "pain" can mean any subset of an incredibly broad spectrum of sensations and emotions, ranging from the instantaneous, galvanizing effect of a dentist drill hitting the nerve in a molar, to more airy notions such as the "pain" of rejection or "painfully" embarrassing situations. Humans even use concepts as abstruse as the German term, weltschmerz, or "world pain," which denotes a vaguely …

Behavioral Variability In Captive Slow Lorises, Nycticebus Coucang (Lorisidae, Primates), Shan Dustin Duncan

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This is a quantitative analysis of individual and sex-related variability in selected activities of captive slow lorises (Nyctivebus coucang).

Value Of Rhinitis Vaccination Of Young Pigs (1982), D S. Pollmann, D A. Schoneweis, G A. Kennedy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted using 57 pigs from 10 litters to evaluate the value of rhinitis vaccination on performance, carcass quality, and health status. Pigs vaccinated with bordetella vaccine had fewer (P<.05) days to market and weight gains were superior (P<.05) to the non-vaccinated control group. Carcass quality and turbinate atrophy were not different among treatments. Turbinate scores were not related to growth rate.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

Does Combiotic Administration At Artificial Insemination Improve Fertility? (1982), Duane L. Davis, W E. Scmidt, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Injecting gilts with 10 cc's combiotic at artificial insemination did not improve farrowing rate or litter size.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

Big Things - Little Things (1982), D D. Pretzer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined the economic effects of applying controllable management factors for farrow-to-finish operations. Average producers in Kansas market 7 pigs/litter with an average feed conversion of 4.58. Improvement in 9 areas of management increased profits on 240 litters by $43,680. Each item appears small. However "Big Things" come from the sum of "Little Things".; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

Stocking Rate And Supplementation For Steers Grazing Intensively On Early-Stocked Bluestem Pasture, R. Held, E.F. Smith, Jack G. Riley, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Native bluestem pastures were grazed by 520-lb steers from April 30 to July 14 at stocking rates of 1.7, 1.3 and 1.1 acres per steer. Daily gain of the steers was about the same for the two heavier stocking rates, but was slightly lower for the lightest rate (1.7 acres/steer). The gain per acre increased with each increase in stocking rate. Half of the steers were self-fed a salt-limited sorghum grain-rumensin mixture. Each steer consuming approximately 1.5 pounds per day of this mixture gained about a half a pound more per day (P<.05) than did each steer not fed the supplement (1.77 vs 1.27 lbs.). Gain per acre was increased by 33 lbs. with the supplementation.

Trials On Commercial Silage Additives, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Numerous commercial silage additives, manufacturers of which make various claims for their improving silage quality, are available to Kansas farmers and ranchers. In 2 previous years (1980 and 1981), we reported on nine trials involving six additives (Progress Reports 377 and 394). Each additive improved the silage in at least one of the four criteria we evaluated: 1) ensiling temperature, 2) dry matter recovery, 3) feeding value, and 4) aerobic stability. Two more trials with additives are reported on in this Progress Report (pages 6 and 11 ).

Using Sprinklers To Improve Performance Of Heat-Stressed Feedlot Cattle, D.R. Ames, J.B. Robinson, David A. Nichols

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During a 56-day test, four pens of finishing cattle were sprinkled when dry-bulb temperatures exceeded 80 F. The performance of the cattle was compared with that of cattle in pens not sprinkled. Cattle in sprinkled pens gained faster (2.83 vs 2.44 lbs per day, P<.05) and more efficiently (4.45 vs 5.20 lbs feed per lb gain) than did those in the nonsprinkled. Feed intakes of all cattle were similar.

Effect Of Bovatec And Ralgro Implants On Finishing Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cattle fed Bovatec consumed 17.4% less feed and were 17.7% more efficient than controls, with no effect on gain. Ralgro implants improved gain 12% and feed efficiency 6.9%, with no effect on feed intake. Bovatec and Ralgro combined had an additive effect on feed efficiency.

Effects Of Rumensin Or Rumensin-Tylan Combination On Steer Performance And Liver Abscess Control, Jack G. Riley, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Combining Tylan with Rumensin dramatically reduced abscessed liver incidence, compared with that of steers fed a non-medicated control ration or Rumensin without Tylan. Only one steer out of 50 on the Rumensin plus Tylan combination had an abscessed liver, whereas livers from 16 of the control steers and 27 on Rumensin were condemned. There were no significant differences in daily gain among treatments; however, Rumensin plus Tylan improved feed efficiency by 9.4% compared with that of the control. Rumensin alone improved efficiency by 6%.

Varying Amounts Of Scabby Wheat Added To Growing-Finishing Rations (1982), B A. Koch, D S. Pollmann

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Scabby wheat, infected with the fungus, Fusarium graminearum and grading No.4, replaced varying percentages of grain in a typical sorghum grain-soybean meal growing-finishing ration. Four pigs eating the control ration made an average daily gain of 1.91 pounds per day and a feed efficiency of 3.44. When 25% of the sorghum grain was replaced by scabby wheat, average daily gain dropped to 1.71 pounds per day and feed efficiency was 3.29. Replacing 50% of the sorghum grain with scabby wheat reduced average daily gain to 1.56 pounds with a feed efficiency of 2.99. Higher percentages of scabby wheat reduced feed …

Birth Sequence And Its Effects On Litter Size (1982), J D. Wheat, M S. Suba, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Average farrowing interval and duration were 15.8 and 143.8 minutes for 1766 pigs born in 169 litters. Pigs born later in the litter were larger (r=.43) at birth. The correlation was -.14 between farrowing interval, average time between the birth of pigs within the litter, and litter 21-day weight. Sixteen pigs were classified as mummies and their birth sequences ranged from 1 to 15 with an average of 6.5. In 53.5 percent of the litters, the first pig born was a gilt and in 18.4 percent of the litters the first pig born was the largest in the litter. However, …

Fed Cattle Market Is Guardedly Optimistic, Says K-State's Sands, M. Sands

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Returns to cattle feeders should move back into the profit column during most of 1982. but feeding margins will remain narrow, says Mike Sands, extension economist specializing in livestock marketing at K-State. "Most of the improvement in profitability compared with last year will result from lower feed and feeder prices, rather than a dramatic rise in fed cattle prices." he points out. With Choice steer prices expected to average in the $64-66 cwt. range during January-June. feeding returns should average on the positive side, in sharp contrast to the average $95-per-head losses suffered during the first half of 1981. Sands …

Effect Of Rumensin On Legume Bloat In Cattle, M.P. Katz, E.E. Bartley, E.S. Pressman, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Rumensin with or without Bloatguard was fed to rumen-fistulated cattle grazing lush alfalfa pasture. Although Rumensin alone or in combination with low doses of Bloatguard reduced bloat, it was not completely effective. Hence, Bloatguard at the recommended dose is still necessary for full bloat control.

Effect Of Ralgro And Compudose On Grazing Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

COMPUDOSE (an estradiol removable implant) increased steer gains during 202 days of grazing by 11.4%. Ralgro implants (once at the beginning of the study) increased gain 8.5%. Steer performance on the two implants was statistically similar.

Natural Mating Of Estrus-Synchronized Heifers And Indicators Of Bull Fertility, R.J. Pruitt, L.R. Corah, D.D. Simms, M.F. Spire

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In six trials involving 486 heifers and 23 bulls, we studied factors affecting pregnancy rates of estrus-synchronized heifers mated naturally and evaluated indicators of bull fertility. Heavier heifers and those in fleshier condition had a higher response to estrus synchronization with Lutalyse. Heifers serviced more than once did not have higher pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates achieved by bulls ejaculating up to 32 times in 2 1/2 days decreased only slightly as the number of ejaculations increased. There was considerable variation in pregnancy rates and the number of ejaculations achieved by individual bulls. Sex drive measured by a 3D-minute serving-capacity test …

Stunning Method And Time Interval From Stunning To Bleeding Effects On Blood Splashing In Pork (1982), D E. Burson, Melvin C. Hunt, D E. Schafer, D Beckwith, J R. Garrison

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies were designed to test the effects of stunning method and time interval between stunning and bleeding on blood splashing in pork muscle. In study I, 82 market weight barrows and gilts were randomly assigned to one of two treatments using captive bolt stunning with either a short (18.5 sec) or a delayed (144.7 sec) time interval to bleeding. More (P.05) for the captive bolt-short, electric-short and electric-delayed time groups.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

Effect Of 48-Hour Calf Removal, D.D. Simms, Kenneth G. Odde, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In three field trials, we removed calves from 187 beef cows for 48 hours at the beginning of the breeding season to determine the effect on the cows' cycling activity, conception rate, and pregnancy rate. When calves were removed, the cows were injected with Lutalyse. Removing calves for 48 hours did not change weight gain or sickness incidence of calves, but neither did it facilitate the cows' rebreeding.

Alfalfa Silages And Hay And Corn Supplementation For Yearling Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Hinds, J. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four alfalfa forages were evaluated: 1) hay; 2) low-dry matter (DM) silage; 3) medium-DM silage; and 4) high-DM silage. All forages were full-fed along with 2 lb of supplement or supplement plus 2 or 4 lb of cracked corn. Calves fed hay or medium-DM silage had the fastest and most efficient gains. Hay had the highest intake; low-DM silage, the lowest. Adding corn to the ration improved calf performance slightly, but feed costs per lb of gain were similar for all three levels of corn supplementation. Low- and medium-DM silages were better preserved than high-DM silage, which contained considerable spoilage …

Naoh Wheat Silage And Alfalfa Haylage For Growing Steers And Heifers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Nuwanyakpa, J. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat silage, with and without sodium hydroxide (NaOH), was fed, with or without alfalfa haylage, in an 80-day growing trial. Calves fed NaOH-silage consumed 18% more feed and gained 16% faster than those fed control silage, but feed efficiencies were similar. When 50% of the wheat silage was replaced with alfalfa haylage (DM basis), gains decreased 3.1 and 3.7%, feed intake increased 12.3 and 9.7%, and feed efficiency decreased 23.7 and 14.4% for calves fed control and NaOH silages, respectively. NaOH increased ensiling temperatures by 9 to 12° C during the first 6 weeks. Dry matter recovery from the concrete …

Forage Sorghum Silage And Summer Annual Silage And Hays For Growing Steers And Heifers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Nuwanyakpa, Gerry L. Posler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sorghum-Sudan hay and silage and sudangrass hay were compared with forage sorghum silage in an 80-day growing trial involving 60 calves. Calves fed forage sorghum gained 14% faster than those fed sudangrass hay (P<.05). Calves fed either of the two silages consumed less feed (P<.05) but were more efficient (P<.05) than those fed either of the two hays. This and two previous trials indicate that early-harvested summer annual silages and hays produce similar rates of gain but that silages are used 10 to 20% more efficiently by growing cattle. These forages have 75 to 90% of the relative feeding value of average-quality forage sorghum silage. With crude protein content of 12 to 15%, our summer annuals required little, if any, supplemental protein.

High-Moisture Corn With Additives For Finishing Rations, B. Young, H. Ilg, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dry corn (dry), Harvestore ensiled high-moisture corn, stave silo ensiled high-moisture corn (stave H.M.C.) and stave H.M.C. ensiled with NaOH, Cold-flo ammonia, or Silo-Best additives were evaluated in steer and heifer finishing trials. Cold-flo and NaOH H.M.C. gave slowest gains; NaOH had the highest intake and Harvestore H.M.C. the lowest, efficiency of gain favored the Harvestore H.M.C. All H.M.C. corn except NaOH was unstable in air because of high dry matter at ensiling, slow corn use, and warm temperatures. Dry matter losses and temperature rises during air exposure were highest for Cold-flo and Harvestore H.M.C.

Sila-Bac And Molasses Additives For High Moisture Sorghum Grain, J.I. Heidker, H. Ilg, Keith C. Behnke, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sila-bac, molasses, or both combined were evaluated as additives for ensiled high moisture sorghum grain. Control grain had the greatest increase in temperature during ensiling. Grain treated with Sila-bac had the highest lactobacilli count but control grain had the fastest drop in pH. Sila-bac grain was the most stable in air and remained stable for 30 days. Control grain was stable for 21 days; grain treated with molasses or molasses plus Sila-bac was stable until day 5. Group-fed steers receiving Sila-bac grain gained faster and were more efficient than steers fed control or molasses-treated grain. Individually fed steers gained fastest …

Effect Of Bovatec® And Synovex-S® Implants On Finishing Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cattle fed Bovatec consumed 18.3% less feed and were 19.4% more efficient in feed conversion than controls, with no effect on gain. Synovex-S implants improved gain by 8.2% with no effect on feed intake and feed efficiency. The effects of Bovatec and Synovex-S were additive.

Little Things That Mean A Lot In Managing Beef Cattle, D. Pretzer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Survival in the beef cattle business for the next year or so will depend on doing little things well, says Don Pretzer, extension farm management specialist at Kansas State. "Doing enough little things right will add up to big differences in profitability. no matter whether you're a cow-calf operator, a backgrounder or a cattle finisher." He offers some interesting ideas for cattle ranchers. The economist says cow herd costs are running around $375 per cow-calf unit per year. This includes $178 for feed, including pasture for 15% replacements. 15% interest on the value of the cow ($450) and $32 a …

Silo-Best And Sila-Ferm Additives For Corn Silage And Drought-Stressed Corn Silage For Yearling Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Normal corn silage, with and without additives, and drought-stressed corn silage were evaluated in a 77-day growing trial using 64 steers. Steers fed drought silage had slowest and least efficient gains. Additive-treated silages were used more efficiently than the control silage. Dry matter recovery from the silos was consistently improved by the enzyme additive but not by the microbial inoculant additive. Steer gain per ton of corn crop ensiled was increased by 7.2 and 4.4 lb for enzyme and inoculant silages, respectively, compared with that for the control silage.