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Full-Text Articles in Dairy Science

How Weather Affects Total Mixed Rations And Why It Is Significant To Dairy Cattle, Juliana Baranowski May 2022

How Weather Affects Total Mixed Rations And Why It Is Significant To Dairy Cattle, Juliana Baranowski

Honors College

The objective of this study was to determine how weather affects the dry matter percentage of a TMR fed to dairy cattle. Daily feed samples were collected from the University of Maine’s J.F. Witter Teaching and Research Center and stored in a freezer until dry matters could be determined. The feed samples were later thawed out, then placed in an oven at 60oC for a minimum of three days. This allowed all the moisture to be evaporated so the DM could be calculated. The maximum, minimum and average temperatures, as well as the precipitation and humidity were obtained daily from …


Methane From Lactating Dairy Cattle: Studies For Mitigation, Diurnal Variation, And Role In Energy Metabolism, Jared Vern Judy Dec 2017

Methane From Lactating Dairy Cattle: Studies For Mitigation, Diurnal Variation, And Role In Energy Metabolism, Jared Vern Judy

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Reducing methane production in dairy cattle has received an increased interest due to environmental concerns associated with its potency as a greenhouse gas. Methane represents lost energy in cattle and reduction may increase animal efficiency and productivity. Experiment 1 evaluated strategies of mitigating methane production in lactating dairy cattle with inclusion of dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS), DDGS with added corn oil, and DDGS with added calcium sulfate and effects on energy and nitrogen balance. Inclusion of DDGS, corn oil, and calcium sulfate, increased DMI and milk yield. Methane production was reduced with addition of corn oil …


Dairy Herd - Level Prevalence Of Johne's Disease And Bvd In The Intermountain West Of The U.S.A. And Farm Management Practices And Characteristics For Test-Positive Herds, David J. Wilson, Kerry A. Rood, C. Whitehouse, J. Bunnell, G. M. Goodell, T. M. Byrem Jan 2015

Dairy Herd - Level Prevalence Of Johne's Disease And Bvd In The Intermountain West Of The U.S.A. And Farm Management Practices And Characteristics For Test-Positive Herds, David J. Wilson, Kerry A. Rood, C. Whitehouse, J. Bunnell, G. M. Goodell, T. M. Byrem

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Herd-level prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), causative agent of Johne’s disease (JD) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) virus were estimated on dairy farms in Utah. Duplicate milks were collected at 3-4 day intervals on 5 dates from each bulk tank on participating farms. Samples were tested at separate laboratories for BVD (real-time, RT-PCR) and for JD/MAP (ELISA and qPCR). 151/209 (72%) eligible dairy farms participated. Farms detected positive were: 58 JD (38%) and 14 BVD (9%); 5 farms had both diseases. Follow up visited farms’ (n=22) means, medians: 778,420 milking cows; 20,052 lbs, 20,311 lbs 305d milk; 175,545/ml, …


Johne's Disease, Mycoplasma And Bvd In Utah - Bulk Tank Milk Testing And Comparison To Previous Regional Prevalence And Individual Herd Results Over Time, David J. Wilson, Kerry A. Rood, J. Bunnell, C. Whitehouse, G. M. Goodell, T. M. Byrem Jan 2014

Johne's Disease, Mycoplasma And Bvd In Utah - Bulk Tank Milk Testing And Comparison To Previous Regional Prevalence And Individual Herd Results Over Time, David J. Wilson, Kerry A. Rood, J. Bunnell, C. Whitehouse, G. M. Goodell, T. M. Byrem

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Dairy herd-level prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), causative agent of Johne’s disease (JD), Mycoplasma spp., and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) virus were estimated in Utah and surrounding states and compared to previous surveillance results. Milk was collected at 3-4 day intervals on 5 dates (duplicate samples) from each bulk tank on participating farms, samples analyzed separately. One frozen sample was shipped to a laboratory for JD/MAP testing with ELISA and real-time PCR, the other paired sample was shipped to another laboratory for mycoplasma and BVD testing. Mycoplasma was cultured on modified Hayflick medium, standard methods; BVD testing was …


Phosphorous In Dairy Cattle Diets, Rhonda Miller, Allen Young, Jennifer Major, Lydia Trinca Oct 2010

Phosphorous In Dairy Cattle Diets, Rhonda Miller, Allen Young, Jennifer Major, Lydia Trinca

Agriculture

No abstract provided.


Phosphorous In Dairy Cattle Diets, Rhonda Miller, Allen Young, Jennifer Major, Lydia Trinca Oct 2010

Phosphorous In Dairy Cattle Diets, Rhonda Miller, Allen Young, Jennifer Major, Lydia Trinca

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.


Measures Of Weight Distribution Of Dairy Cows To Detect Lameness And The Presence Of Hoof Lesions, M. Pastell, L. Hänninen, A. M. De Passillé, J. Rushen Mar 2010

Measures Of Weight Distribution Of Dairy Cows To Detect Lameness And The Presence Of Hoof Lesions, M. Pastell, L. Hänninen, A. M. De Passillé, J. Rushen

Farm Animal Welfare Collection

There is increasing interest in automated methods of detecting lame cows. Hoof lesion data and measures of weight distribution from 61 lactating cows were examined in this study. Lame cows were identified with different numerical rating scores (NRS) used as thresholds (NRS >3 and NRS ≥3.5) for lameness. The ratio of weight applied to a pair of legs (LWR) when the cow was standing was calculated using a special weigh scale, and the cows were gait scored using a 1 to 5 NRS. Hoof lesions were scored and the cows placed into 1 of 4 mutually exclusive categories of hoof …


Cow Preference And Usage Of Free Stalls Compared With An Open Pack Area, J. A. Fregonesi, M. A. G. Von Keyserlingk, D. M. Weary Nov 2009

Cow Preference And Usage Of Free Stalls Compared With An Open Pack Area, J. A. Fregonesi, M. A. G. Von Keyserlingk, D. M. Weary

Housing and Confinement of Farm Animals Collection

Free-stall housing systems are designed to provide a comfortable and hygienic lying area, but some aspects of stall design may restrict usage by cows. The aim of this study was to compare free-stall housing with a comparable lying area (open pack) without stall partitions. We predicted that cows would spend more time lying down and standing in the bedded area when provided access to an open pack than when in free stalls. We also predicted that cows would spend less time standing outside of the lying area and less time perching with the front 2 hooves in the lying area …


Prevalence And Risk Factors For Skin Lesions On Legs Of Dairy Cattle Housed In Freestalls In Norway, C. Kielland, L. E. Ruud, A. J. Zanella, O. Østerås Nov 2009

Prevalence And Risk Factors For Skin Lesions On Legs Of Dairy Cattle Housed In Freestalls In Norway, C. Kielland, L. E. Ruud, A. J. Zanella, O. Østerås

Housing and Confinement of Farm Animals Collection

Appropriate indoor housing facilities for dairy cattle promote improved animal welfare. Skin alterations are an indicator of dysfunctional housing. The purpose was to determine the relationship between different housing design and skin lesions, hence providing farmers more insight into how to reduce the occurrence of lesions. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,335 animals in 232 Norwegian freestall-housed dairy cattle from September 2006 to June 2007. A model was established to investigate risk factors related to the presence of lesions including hair loss, swelling, and wounds on the legs of dairy cattle. Separate models were developed to investigate risk factors …


Free-Stall Dimensions: Effects On Preference And Stall Usage, Cassandra B. Tucker, Daniel M. Weary, David Fraser May 2004

Free-Stall Dimensions: Effects On Preference And Stall Usage, Cassandra B. Tucker, Daniel M. Weary, David Fraser

Housing and Confinement of Farm Animals Collection

In 2 experiments, free-stall dimensions were examined to determine how they affected stall preference, usage, cleanliness, and milk production in Holstein dairy cattle. In experiment 1, stall width (112 or 132 cm) and stall length (229 and 274 cm from curb to wall) were compared in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of stall treatments using 15 individually housed, non-lactating animals. Cows showed no clear preference for stall size as measured by lying time. When animals had no choice between stalls, average lying time was higher in the wide stalls than in the narrow stalls (10.8 vs. 9.6 ± 0.3 …


Relation Of Heart Girth To Weight In Holsteins And Jerseys, H. P. Davis, W. W. Swett, W. R. Harvey Jan 1961

Relation Of Heart Girth To Weight In Holsteins And Jerseys, H. P. Davis, W. W. Swett, W. R. Harvey

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Body weight is the one measurement most extensively used to evaluate growth, condition, and value for beef, and as a basis for calculating feed requirements for cattle. Weight can be determined readily by scales but unfortunately scales of a capacity adequate for weighing cattle are not always available. Thus there is a real need for a basis of estimating weight from some body measurement that can be obtained easily and at a minimum of cost and time. It is the aim of this study to utilize additional data now available to increase further the accuracy and reliability of estimating weight …


Comparative Measurements Of Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey, And Jersey Females From Birth To Seven Years, H. P. Davis, I. L. Hathaway Mar 1956

Comparative Measurements Of Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey, And Jersey Females From Birth To Seven Years, H. P. Davis, I. L. Hathaway

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Body measurements are important for a proper understanding of how growth takes place in animals. Unfortunately, few growth data other than for weight have been published concerning dairy cattle. This is a report of measurements of females in the University of Nebraska dairy herd made as part of a long-time growth study. During the period 1922 to 1942 each animal born into the herd was weighed and measured at regular intervals. Presented here are the data for weight, height, length, width, depth, girth and hide thickness for females of the Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Jersey breeds. The average body measurements …


The Influence Of Length Of Storage Of Bovine Semen On Conception Rate Under Field Conditions, A. B. Schultze, H. P. Davis, C. T. Blunn, M. M. Oloufa May 1948

The Influence Of Length Of Storage Of Bovine Semen On Conception Rate Under Field Conditions, A. B. Schultze, H. P. Davis, C. T. Blunn, M. M. Oloufa

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

It is the purpose of this study to determine whether under conditions of routine handling in artificial breeding associations there is a decline in semen fertility from day to day and also to determine the magnitude of this decline. Tabulation of such data will not only be of value in determining the effect of frequent semen collection on the over-all artificial breeding results but will also serve as a basis of comparison in investigational work directed toward increasing the efficiency of artificial breeding.


Breeding Efficiency In Dairy Cattle From Artificial Insemination At Various Intervals Before And After Ovulation, George W. Trimberger Jan 1948

Breeding Efficiency In Dairy Cattle From Artificial Insemination At Various Intervals Before And After Ovulation, George W. Trimberger

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The length of estrus and the time of ovulation were determined for 46 heifers and 86 cows of the Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey, and Holstein breeds by testing for end of estrus and ovulation at 2-hour intervals. Services were given by artificial insemination at various intervals before and after ovulation to determine the influence of this factor on the rate of conception. No significant breed or seasonal differences were found for length of estrus and ovulation time after end of estrus among the four dairy breeds represented in the experiment.


Carotene Content Of Native Nebraska Grasses, I. L. Hathaway, H. P. Davis, F. D. Keim Oct 1945

Carotene Content Of Native Nebraska Grasses, I. L. Hathaway, H. P. Davis, F. D. Keim

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The carotene content of twenty-four grasses native to Nebraska were determined at approximately monthly intervals from June to November. While the carotene concentration of most of the grasses was moderately high during the growing season, it declined to a rather low point by late November. With the exception of Switchgrass, Hairy Grama, Little Bluestem and Prairie Dropseed, all of the grasses contained enough carotene to supply the needs of range cattle until late November. However, only eighteen of the grasses still contained enough carotene by the latter part of September to furnish the carotene required by dairy cows. Even as …


Relation Of Height At Withers And Chest Girth To Live Weight Of Dairy Cattle Of Different Breeds And Ages, H. P. Davis, R. F. Morgan, Samuel Brody, A. C. Ragsdale Jul 1937

Relation Of Height At Withers And Chest Girth To Live Weight Of Dairy Cattle Of Different Breeds And Ages, H. P. Davis, R. F. Morgan, Samuel Brody, A. C. Ragsdale

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The size of a dairy cow is important from the standpoint of feed consumption and economy of production and also as an indication of the expected size of offspring. The ultimate disposal of dairy cattle is for beef, and the measure of returns is based upon size and condition. A method for the determination of the approximate weights of dairy females, where scales are not available, is needed. Measurements of dairy cattle which show development and skeletal growth by ages in relationship to weight are presented here for four different dairy breeds.