Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Aquaculture and Fisheries
Biodiversity In A Changing Climate: A Synthesis Of Current And Projected Trends In The Us, Md Staudinger, Sl Carter, Ms Cross, Ns Dubois, Je Duffy, Et Al.
Biodiversity In A Changing Climate: A Synthesis Of Current And Projected Trends In The Us, Md Staudinger, Sl Carter, Ms Cross, Ns Dubois, Je Duffy, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
This paper provides a synthesis of the recent literature describing how global biodiversity is being affected by climate change and is projected to respond in the future. Current studies reinforce earlier findings of major climate-change-related impacts on biological systems and document new, more subtle after-effects. For example, many species are shifting their distributions and phenologies at faster rates than were recorded just a few years ago; however, responses are not uniform across species. Shifts have been idiosyncratic and in some cases counterintuitive, promoting new community compositions and altering biotic interactions. Although genetic diversity enhances species' potential to respond to variable …
Oyster-Mediated Benthic-Pelagic Coupling Modifies Nitrogen Pools And Processes, Ar Smyth, Nr Geraldi, Mf Piehler
Oyster-Mediated Benthic-Pelagic Coupling Modifies Nitrogen Pools And Processes, Ar Smyth, Nr Geraldi, Mf Piehler
VIMS Articles
Removal of nitrogen through enhanced denitrification has been identified as an ecosystem service provided by oysters. In this study, we assessed the effects of an individual oyster (Crassostrea virginica) on nitrogen dynamics. Fluxes of N-2, O-2, nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and ammonium (NH4+) were measured from continuous-flow microcosms that contained a live oyster, sediment, or a live oyster + sediment. Net N-2 fluxes were indicative of nitrogen fixation in the sediment treatment and denitrification in the oyster and oyster + sediment treatments. Organic matter de position and ammonium production associated with oyster biodeposits and excretion likely decreased N limitation, and …
Microzooplankton Grazing Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Lm Garzio, Deborah K. Steinberg, M Erickson, Hw Ducklow
Microzooplankton Grazing Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Lm Garzio, Deborah K. Steinberg, M Erickson, Hw Ducklow
VIMS Articles
The significance of microzooplankton as grazers in pelagic ecosystems has been established, yet relatively few studies of microzooplankton grazing, compared to that of macrozooplankton, have been conducted in the Southern Ocean. We report phytoplankton and bacterial growth and grazing mortality rates along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), a region of rapid climate change. Growth and grazing rates were determined by dilution experiments at select stations along the WAP in January of 2009 to 2011 and in the nearshore waters near Palmer Station in February and March 2011. Microzooplankton exerted higher grazing pressure on bacteria compared to phytoplankton along the WAP …
Broad-Scale Association Between Seagrass Cover And Juvenile Blue Crab Density In Chesapeake Bay, Gina M. Ralph, Rochelle D. Seitz, R J. Orth, Kathleen E. Knick, Rom Lipcius
Broad-Scale Association Between Seagrass Cover And Juvenile Blue Crab Density In Chesapeake Bay, Gina M. Ralph, Rochelle D. Seitz, R J. Orth, Kathleen E. Knick, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Although numerous small-scale laboratory, mesocosm, and field experiments have demonstrated that abundance, survival, and growth of juvenile fish and invertebrates are higher in vegetated than in unvegetated habitats, the effect of habitat quality (i.e. habitat complexity) within vegetated habitats has not been documented at a broad spatial scale. We examined the relationship between percent cover in seagrass beds (eelgrass Zostera marina, widgeon grass Ruppia maritima, and associated macroalgae) and juvenile blue crab Callinectes sapidus density at a broad spatial scale. We quantified the functional relationship between juvenile density and percent cover of vegetation by sampling in Chesapeake Bay (USA) seagrass …
Carbon Fluxes And Pelagic Ecosystem Dynamics Near Two Western Antarctic Peninsula Adélie Penguin Colonies: An Inverse Model Approach, Sevrine F. Sailley, Hugh W. Ducklow, Holly V. Moeller, William R. Fraser, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, Lori M. Garzio, Scott C. Doney
Carbon Fluxes And Pelagic Ecosystem Dynamics Near Two Western Antarctic Peninsula Adélie Penguin Colonies: An Inverse Model Approach, Sevrine F. Sailley, Hugh W. Ducklow, Holly V. Moeller, William R. Fraser, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, Lori M. Garzio, Scott C. Doney
VIMS Articles
An inverse food-web model for the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) pelagic food web was constrained with data from Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (PAL-LTER) project annual austral summer sampling cruises. Model solutions were generated for 2 regions with Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae colonies presenting different population trends (a northern and a southern colony) for a 12 yr period (1995−2006). Counter to the standard paradigm, comparisons of carbon flow through bacteria, microzooplankton, and krill showed that the diatom−krill−top predator food chain is not the dominant pathway for organic carbon exchanges. The food web is more complex, including significant contributions by microzooplankton …
The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Ae Giblin, Cr Tobias, Bk Song, N Weston, Gt Banta
The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Ae Giblin, Cr Tobias, Bk Song, N Weston, Gt Banta
VIMS Articles
Until recently, it was believed that biological assimilation and gaseous nitrogen (N) loss through denitrification were the two major fates of nitrate entering or produced within most coastal ecosystems. Denitrification is often viewed as an important ecosystem service that removes reactive N from the ecosystem. However, there is a competing nitrate reduction process, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), that conserves N within the ecosystem. The recent application of nitrogen stable isotopes as tracers has generated growing evidence that DNRA is a major nitrogen pathway that cannot be ignored. Measurements comparing the importance of denitrification vs. DNRA in 55 coastal …
Revision Of The Genus Centrophorus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae): Part 1-Redescription Of Centrophorus Granulosus (Bloch & Schneider), A Senior Synonym Of C-Acus Garman And C-Niaukang Teng, Wt White, Da Ebert, Gjp Naylor, Hc Ho, P Clerkin, A Verissimo, Cf Cotton
Revision Of The Genus Centrophorus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae): Part 1-Redescription Of Centrophorus Granulosus (Bloch & Schneider), A Senior Synonym Of C-Acus Garman And C-Niaukang Teng, Wt White, Da Ebert, Gjp Naylor, Hc Ho, P Clerkin, A Verissimo, Cf Cotton
VIMS Articles
The genus Centrophorus is one of the most taxonomically complex and confusing elasmobranch groups. A revision of this group is currently underway and this first paper sets an important foundation in this process by redescribing the type species of the genus-Centrophorus granulosus. This taxon name has been previously applied to two different morphotypes: a large species > 1.5 m TL and a smaller species similar to 1 m TL. Centrophorus acus and C. niaukang are the most commonly used names applied to the larger morphotype. The original description of C. granulosus was based on a large specimen of similar to 1.5 …
Penguin Biogeography Along The West Antarctic Peninsula Testing The Canyon Hypothesis With Palmer Lter Observations, O Schofield, H Ducklow, K Bernard, S Doney, D Patterson-Fraser, Et Al.
Penguin Biogeography Along The West Antarctic Peninsula Testing The Canyon Hypothesis With Palmer Lter Observations, O Schofield, H Ducklow, K Bernard, S Doney, D Patterson-Fraser, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Contribution Of Sea Ice In The Southern Ocean To The Cycling Of Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds, A Granfors, A Karlsson, E Mattsson, Walker O. Smith Jr., K Abrahamsson
Contribution Of Sea Ice In The Southern Ocean To The Cycling Of Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds, A Granfors, A Karlsson, E Mattsson, Walker O. Smith Jr., K Abrahamsson
VIMS Articles
The contribution of sea ice to the flux of biogenic volatile halogenated organic compounds to the atmosphere in the Southern Ocean is currently not known. To approach this question, we measured halocarbons in sea ice, sea ice brine, and surface water of the Amundsen and Ross Seas. Concentrations in sea ice of these compounds, normalized to seawater salinity, ranged from 0.2 to 810 pmol L-1. Salinity-normalized chlorophyll a concentrations in the ice ranged from 3.5 to 190 mu gL(-1). Our results suggest biological production of halocarbons in sea ice, with maxima of halogenated organics and chlorophyll a commonly found in …
Krill Biomass And Aggregation Structure In Relation To Tidal Cycle In A Penguin Foraging Region Off The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Ks Bernard, Deborah K. Steinberg
Krill Biomass And Aggregation Structure In Relation To Tidal Cycle In A Penguin Foraging Region Off The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Ks Bernard, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Antarctic krill are a key component of the diet of Adlie penguins inhabiting the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), yet our understanding of the variability of krill distribution patterns within nearshore penguin feeding grounds is limited. A recent study of the foraging patterns of penguins breeding in the northern WAP suggests that tidal phase plays a role in foraging distance. We used acoustics to examine biomass and aggregation structure of krill in the penguin foraging grounds off Palmer Station during diurnal and semi-diurnal tides. Nearshore, integrated krill biomass during diurnal tides was significantly higher than during semi-diurnal tides. Krill aggregations were …
Effects Of Microalgal Exudates And Intact Cells On Subtropical Marine Zooplankton, Nj Silva, Kw Tang, Rm Lopes
Effects Of Microalgal Exudates And Intact Cells On Subtropical Marine Zooplankton, Nj Silva, Kw Tang, Rm Lopes
VIMS Articles
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) affect coastal waters worldwide and very often lead to the disruption of seafood harvesting and commercial activities, because of potential hazards to human health associated with the consumption of contaminated mussels, crustaceans and fish. HAB events are frequently caused by outbreaks of toxin-producing dinoflagellates, which are subject to top-down control by zooplankton. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of dinoflagellate exudates and intact cells on the survivorship and mobility of zooplankton taxa from a subtropical location (Ubatuba, Brazil). Lethal effects were observed in five out of six taxa investigated, three of which …
Envisioning A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, Je Duffy, La Amaral-Zettler, Dg Fautin, G Paulay, Ta Rynearson, Et Al.
Envisioning A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, Je Duffy, La Amaral-Zettler, Dg Fautin, G Paulay, Ta Rynearson, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Humans depend on diverse ocean ecosystems for food, jobs, and sustained well-being, yet many stressors threaten marine life. Extensive research has demonstrated that maintaining biodiversity promotes ocean health and service provision; therefore, monitoring the status and trends of marine biodiversity is important for effective ecosystem management. However, there is no systematic sustained program for evaluating ocean biodiversity. Coordinating existing monitoring and building a proactive marine biodiversity observation network will support efficient, economical resource management and conservation and should be a high priority. A synthesis of expert opinions suggests that, to be most effective, a marine biodiversity observation network should integrate …
Physiological Effects Of Diet Mixing On Consumer Fitness: A Meta-Analysis, Js Lefcheck, Ma Whalen, Tm Davenport, Jp Stone, Je Duffy
Physiological Effects Of Diet Mixing On Consumer Fitness: A Meta-Analysis, Js Lefcheck, Ma Whalen, Tm Davenport, Jp Stone, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
The degree of dietary generalism among consumers has important consequences for population, community, and ecosystem processes, yet the effects on consumer fitness of mixing food types have not been examined comprehensively. We conducted a meta-analysis of 161 peer-reviewed studies reporting 493 experimental manipulations of prey diversity to test whether diet mixing enhances consumer fitness based on the intrinsic nutritional quality of foods and consumer physiology. Averaged across studies, mixed diets conferred significantly higher fitness than the average of single-species diets, but not the best single prey species. More than half of individual experiments, however, showed maximal growth and reproduction on …