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Full-Text Articles in Aquaculture and Fisheries
Mycobacteriosis-Associated Mortality In Wild Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) From Chesapeake Bay, Usa, Dt Gauthier, R J. Latour, Dm Helsey, C F. Bonzek, J Gartland, Ej Burge, W. K. Vogelbein
Mycobacteriosis-Associated Mortality In Wild Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) From Chesapeake Bay, Usa, Dt Gauthier, R J. Latour, Dm Helsey, C F. Bonzek, J Gartland, Ej Burge, W. K. Vogelbein
VIMS Articles
The striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is an economically and ecologically important finfish species along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States. Recent stock assessments in Chesapeake Bay (USA) indicate that non-fishing mortality in striped bass has increased since 1999, concomitant with very high (>50%) prevalence of visceral and dermal disease caused by Mycobacterium spp. Current fishery assessment models do not differentiate between disease and other components of non-fishing mortality (e. g., senescence, predation); therefore, disease impact on the striped bass population has not been established. Specific measurement of mortality associated with mycobacteriosis in wild striped bass is complicated because …
Misuse Of Pcr Assay For Diagnosis Of Molluscprotistan Infections, Em Burreson
Misuse Of Pcr Assay For Diagnosis Of Molluscprotistan Infections, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are useful tools for pathogen surveillance, butthey are only proxy indications of pathogen presence in that they detect a DNA sequence. To be use-ful for detection of actual infections, PCR assays must be thoroughly tested for sensitivity and speci-ficity, and ultimately validated against a technique, typically histology, which allows visualization ofthe parasite in host tissues. There is growing use of PCR assays for pathogen surveillance, but toooften the assumption is made that a positive PCR result verifies an infection in a tested host. Thisassumption is valid only if the assay has been properly validated …
Environmental Distribution And Persistence Of Quahog Parasite Unknown (Qpx), Rj Gast, Dm Moran, Corinne Audemard, Mm Lyons, J Defavari, Kimberly S. Reece, D Leavitt, R Smolowitz
Environmental Distribution And Persistence Of Quahog Parasite Unknown (Qpx), Rj Gast, Dm Moran, Corinne Audemard, Mm Lyons, J Defavari, Kimberly S. Reece, D Leavitt, R Smolowitz
VIMS Articles
Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX) is the cause of mass mortality events of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria from Virginia, USA, to New Brunswick, Canada. Aquaculture areas in Massachusetts, USA, have been particularly hard hit. The parasite has been shown to be a directly infective organism, but it is unclear whether it could exist or persist outside of its clam host. We used molecular methods to examine water, sediment, seaweeds, seagrass and various invertebrates for the presence of QPX. Sites in Virginia and Massachusetts were selected based upon the incidence of QPX-induced clam die-offs, and they were monitored seasonally. QPX was detectable …
Shellfish Tissues Evaluated For Perkinsus Spp. Using The Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium Culture Assay Can Be Used For Downstream Molecular Assays, C Audemard, Rb Carnegie, Em Burreson
Shellfish Tissues Evaluated For Perkinsus Spp. Using The Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium Culture Assay Can Be Used For Downstream Molecular Assays, C Audemard, Rb Carnegie, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM) culture assay is the standard, recommended method for surveillance of Perkinsus spp. infections in marine molluscs. In this assay, shellfish tissues are incubated in RFTM, stained with Lugol's iodine solution to render Perkinsus spp. cells blue-black, and evaluated microscopically to rate infection intensities. A limitation of this assay, however, is the lack of pathogen species specificity. Generally, identification of Perkinsus spp. requires DNA sequence analysis of parallel or additional samples since the exposure to iodine is believed to hamper DNA amplification from samples processed by the RFTM assay. However, we show that P, marinus DNA …
Quantifying Fecundity In Macoma Balthica Using An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa), Wc Long, E Bromage, Rochelle D. Seitz, S Kaattari
Quantifying Fecundity In Macoma Balthica Using An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa), Wc Long, E Bromage, Rochelle D. Seitz, S Kaattari
VIMS Articles
Monoclonal antibodies specific to a heat shock protein 70-like protein expressed in the eggs of Macoma balthica (mb-HSP70) were employed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify fecundity in females. The assay was specific to egg tissue, with no demonstrable reactivity with juvenile or male tissues. The concentration of mb-HSP70 increased as the female gonads matured, necessitating the determination of a calibration curve for future experiments. The number of eggs in females was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), and clams with a BMI < 1.4 did not produce eggs. The estimated number of eggs per clam during the fall spawning period was similar to that observed in eastern North Atlantic populations in clams of similar size; clams with shell lengths from 16 to 18 mm had from 7000 to 60 000 eggs apiece. Larger clams had up to 450 000 eggs. This assay effectively quantifies eggs at any stage of gonadal development in which eggs can be distinguished microscopically and is easier and cheaper to perform than other techniques of comparable precision.
Transmission Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) And Its Effect On The Survival Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Mark J. Butler, Donald C. Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields
Transmission Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) And Its Effect On The Survival Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Mark J. Butler, Donald C. Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, an important fisheries species, is host to Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), a lethal, unclassified virus—the first found in any species of lobster— prevalent in juvenile lobsters. We describe a series of laboratory experiments aimed at assessing the likely modes of disease transmission, determining the survival of lobsters relative to each transmission pathway and identifying potential alternate hosts. Given evidence for lower prevalence of PaV1 in large lobsters, the effect of lobster size on susceptibility was also examined. Results demonstrated that PaV1 can be transmitted to juvenile lobsters via inoculation, ingestion of diseased tissue, …
Continuous Culture Of Perkinsus Mediterraneus, A Parasite Of The European Flat Oyster Ostrea Edulis, And Characterization Of Its Morphology, Propagation, And Extracellular Proteins In Vitro, Sm Casas, Ks Reece, Yl Li, Ja Moss, A Villalba, Et Al
Continuous Culture Of Perkinsus Mediterraneus, A Parasite Of The European Flat Oyster Ostrea Edulis, And Characterization Of Its Morphology, Propagation, And Extracellular Proteins In Vitro, Sm Casas, Ks Reece, Yl Li, Ja Moss, A Villalba, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Continuous in vitro cultures of Perkinsus mediterraneus were established from tissues of infected European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis. The parasite proliferated in protein-free medium and divided by schizogony in vitro. Cell morphology was similar to that observed for P. mediterraneus in tissues of naturally infected O. edulis and for other Perkinsus spp. cultured in vitro. Parasite cells enlarged approximately 8-fold when placed in alternative Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium, and stained black with Lugol's iodine solution, a response characteristic of Perkinsus spp. DNA sequences matched those determined previously for P. mediterraneus, and phylogenetic analyses on three different data sets indicated that …
Phytoplankton And Bacterial Uptake Of Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen During An Induced Bloom Of Phaeocystis Pouchetii, Mp Sanderson, Da Bronk, Jc Nejstgaard, Pg Verity, Af Sazhin, Et Al.
Phytoplankton And Bacterial Uptake Of Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen During An Induced Bloom Of Phaeocystis Pouchetii, Mp Sanderson, Da Bronk, Jc Nejstgaard, Pg Verity, Af Sazhin, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
A mesocosm experiment was conducted during the spring of 2003 in Raunefjord, west Norway. Inorganic nutrients (16 mu mol 1(-1) nitrate, 1 mu mol 1(-1) phosphate) were added to 2 enclosures with 10% of those concentrations (1.6 mu mol 1(-1) nitrate, 0.1 mu mol 1(-1) phosphate) added daily thereafter; a third unamended mesocosm was used as a control. Nitrogen (N) (ammonium, nitrate, urea and amino acid) uptake rates for >0.8 mu m (largely composed of phytoplankton) and 0.2 to 0.8 mu m (largely composed of bacteria) size classes were measured, as well as nutrient, chlorophyll, phytoplankton and microzooplankton concentrations. The …
Two New Genera And Three New Species Of Leeches (Hirudinida:Piscicolidae) From New Zealand Marine Fishes, Em Burreson, Ji Williams
Two New Genera And Three New Species Of Leeches (Hirudinida:Piscicolidae) From New Zealand Marine Fishes, Em Burreson, Ji Williams
VIMS Articles
The marine leech fauna of New Zealand is poorly known and based primarily on studies by Richardson in the 1950s. Three new species have recently been discovered. Dollfusobdella kaikourae n. gen.. n. sp. is described from Kaikoura, New Zealand parasitising pectoral fins of Scorpaena cardinalis, and thornfish, Bovichtus variegatus. It is characterised by a cylindrical body widest at the posterior portion Of the urosome and tapering, gradually to the oral sucker: the total length is not known to exceed 10 mm. The urosome segments are 3-annulate. each with large tubercles dorsally and smaller tubercles ventrally, but lacking Pulsatile vesicles. The …
Transmission Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) And Its Effect On The Survival Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Mj Butler, Dc Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields
Transmission Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) And Its Effect On The Survival Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Mj Butler, Dc Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, an important fisheries species, is host to Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), a lethal, unclassified virus-the first found in any species of lobster-prevalent in juvenile lobsters. We describe a series of laboratory experiments aimed at assessing the likely modes of disease transmission, determining the survival of lobsters relative to each transmission pathway and identifying potential alternate hosts. Given evidence for lower prevalence of PaV1 in large lobsters, the effect of lobster size on susceptibility was also examined. Results demonstrated that PaV1 can be transmitted to juvenile lobsters via inoculation, ingestion of diseased tissue, contact …
Effects Of Triclosan On The Oyster Parasite, Perkinsus Marinus And Its Host, The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Fu-Lin E. Chu, Eric D. Lund, Jennifer A. Podbesek
Effects Of Triclosan On The Oyster Parasite, Perkinsus Marinus And Its Host, The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Fu-Lin E. Chu, Eric D. Lund, Jennifer A. Podbesek
VIMS Articles
Because temperature plays an important role on progression and transmission of disease caused by Perkinsus marinus in the field. the effects of triclosan on the viability of P. marinus meronts (trophozoites) and oyster hemocytes were tested at a range of environmental relevant temperatures. Additionally, we examined the triclosan effect on reactive oxidative intermediate production (ROI) by oyster hemocytes and tested the efficacy of treating infected oysters with triclosan in eliminating/ reducing P. marinus infection in a pilot experiment. When P. marinus cultivated at 13 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 28 degrees C was exposed to triclosan at corresponding temperatures, …
Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors In The American Lobster Homarus Americanus: Molecular Characterization And Transcriptional Response To Vibrio Fluvialis Challenge, Km Beale, Dw Towle, N Jayasundara, Cm Smith, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Sj Greenwood
Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors In The American Lobster Homarus Americanus: Molecular Characterization And Transcriptional Response To Vibrio Fluvialis Challenge, Km Beale, Dw Towle, N Jayasundara, Cm Smith, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Sj Greenwood
VIMS Articles
Two partial mRNA sequences predicted to encode anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) were identified among expressed sequence tags generated from the American lobster Homarus americanus and complete cDNA sequences were obtained from library clones. Comparison of the translated amino acid sequences to those publicly available confirmed similarity to arthropod anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. Both protein sequences, designated ALFHa-1 and ALFHa-2, contained an N-terminal signal peptide and two half-cysteines participating in a disulfide bridge, features conserved in other ALFs. Predicted secondary structures were similar to that described for the ALF from the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. As part of an exploratory study of immunity in …