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Theses/Dissertations

2010

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Articles 121 - 138 of 138

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Effects Of Serum Addition To Culture Medium On Gene Expression In Day-7 And Day-14 Bovine Embryos, Jaime Manuel Angulo Campos Jan 2010

Effects Of Serum Addition To Culture Medium On Gene Expression In Day-7 And Day-14 Bovine Embryos, Jaime Manuel Angulo Campos

LSU Master's Theses

The addition of serum to embryo culture media may alter gene expression and trigger development of Large Offspring Syndrome. The objectives of this study were to determine gene expression levels in embryos cultured in the absence or presence of 5% calf serum and compare these expression patterns to in vivo derived embryos (IVD), and to determine the effects of serum on the length of day-14 embryos. Abattoir derived oocytes were fertilized and cultured in mSOFaa. At 72 hours post-insemination (hpi), embryos were randomly allocated into two treatments: mSOFaa without and with 5% calf serum. Embryos were then cultured to 168 …

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Control De Poblaciones De E. Coli Y Otros Coliformes A Partir De La Concentración De Ácidos Grasos Volátiles En La Leche Bovina De Raza Holstein Estudio De Caso En La Sabana De Bogotá, Andrés Mauricio Díaz Franco Jan 2010

Control De Poblaciones De E. Coli Y Otros Coliformes A Partir De La Concentración De Ácidos Grasos Volátiles En La Leche Bovina De Raza Holstein Estudio De Caso En La Sabana De Bogotá, Andrés Mauricio Díaz Franco

Zootecnia

Dado que en el campo hay productores que no tienen la tecnología para preservar la leche mientras esta es recogida, se busca un método alternativo de preservar el producto de la proliferación de coliformes totales a partir de la concentración los Ácidos Grasos Volátiles (AGVs), ya que estos se han venido utilizando para combatir otras bacterias de características patogénicas como Salmonella. La investigación se desarrollo tomando muestras de diferentes municipios de la Sabana de Bogotá, después de medir los parámetros básicos del producto como pH y sólidos totales se realizaron micro concentraciones (de 10µ a 1000µ), para determinar por medio …

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Physiological And Toxicological Effects Of Pb Plus Cd Mixtures On Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) In Soft Acidic Water, Yvonne Kara Jan 2010

Physiological And Toxicological Effects Of Pb Plus Cd Mixtures On Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) In Soft Acidic Water, Yvonne Kara

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The ability of a metal to cause toxicity in aquatic environments is highly dependant upon the water chemistry, which can influence metal bioavailability. Metal bioavailability is affected by the concentration of the metal, complexation of the metal by organic and inorganic ligands, and by the speciation of the metal. Predictive models of metal toxicity, such as the biotic ligand model (BLM) have mainly focused upon predicting the toxicity of individual metals rather than the toxicity of metals in mixtures, which are more commonly found in contaminated waters. Two metals that are commonly found together are Pb and Cd which can …

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Overwintering Of Cascades Frogs (Rana Cascadae) In Washington, April B. Barreca Jan 2010

Overwintering Of Cascades Frogs (Rana Cascadae) In Washington, April B. Barreca

All Master's Theses

This thesis begins with overview of amphibian declines, amphibians in the Pacific Northwest, and information about ranid overwintering. The second part of the study presents my research that tracked Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae) throughout the winter at a high-elevation site in Washington. Amphibians are declining around the world and little is known about their natural history. There are few overwintering studies on amphibians and no previous overwintering studies on Cascades frogs. Cascades frogs are declining throughout the southern portion of their range and an understanding of the basic ecology and biology of this species is urgently needed to …

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Shorebird Migration In Western Kentucky: Phenology, Habitat Use, And Possible Effects Of Prey Availability, Nicole Ann Ranalli Jan 2010

Shorebird Migration In Western Kentucky: Phenology, Habitat Use, And Possible Effects Of Prey Availability, Nicole Ann Ranalli

Online Theses and Dissertations

Staging areas along the coasts provide reliable food resources and shorebirds may use the same stopover locations every year. However, shorebirds use sites opportunistically in the interior of North America due to the transient nature of many habitats. Little is known, however, about the use of wetlands by migrating shorebirds in Kentucky. During 2004 and 2005, I examined the phenology of migration and habitat use of shorebirds using stopover habitats in Kentucky, and also examined possible relationships between prey availability and habitat selection by migrating shorebirds. To mitigate wetland loss, the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) constructed …

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Inclusión En La Dieta De Terneras Prerumiantes Fuente De Proteína De Origen Animal O Vegetal En La Lechería Especializada La Cañada Tuta Boyacá Fase 1, Maria Paola Muncker Alzate Jan 2010

Inclusión En La Dieta De Terneras Prerumiantes Fuente De Proteína De Origen Animal O Vegetal En La Lechería Especializada La Cañada Tuta Boyacá Fase 1, Maria Paola Muncker Alzate

Zootecnia

Para el inicio de este trabajo se analizaron los requerimientos de los animales de cría en las lecherías especializadas obteniendo resultados de déficit proteico, este es uno de los mayores problemas en las explotaciones comerciales lecheras, puesto que es en este momento cuando se deben sentar las bases para un correcto desarrollo del aparato digestivo en los pre-rumiantes hasta lograr las dimensiones y proporciones que tendrán en su vida adulta; siendo fundamental cumplir con los requerimientos nutricionales de su primera etapa de vida, por lo cual el experimento se llevó a cabo en el departamento de Boyacá, municipio de Tuta, …

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The Dynamics Of Chronically Bioaccumulated Cd In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) During Both Moderately Hard And Soft Waterborne Exposures, Jessica Milne Jan 2010

The Dynamics Of Chronically Bioaccumulated Cd In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) During Both Moderately Hard And Soft Waterborne Exposures, Jessica Milne

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Aquatic organisms respond to metal exposures by modulating uptake, elimination and detoxification capacity and, therefore, it is difficult to link accumulation within fish to adverse chronic effects. When fish are exposed to sublethal concentrations of metal, physiological responses follow a damage-repair scenario with rapid uptake into the gills followed by transfer via the circulatory system and accumulation into key organs such as the liver and kidney. Anthropogenic sources of cadmium (Cd) arise mainly from mining, smelting, and refining sulphide ores of Zn, Pb and Cu (Norton et al., 1990). The free divalent ion (Cd2+) is the toxic form …

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Habitat Utilization And Dive Characterization Of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) And White Marlin (Kajikia Albida) In The Western Atlantic Ocean, Daniel J. Dutton Jan 2010

Habitat Utilization And Dive Characterization Of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) And White Marlin (Kajikia Albida) In The Western Atlantic Ocean, Daniel J. Dutton

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Blue marlin Makaira nigricans and white marlin Kajikia albida (formerly Tetrapturus albidus) are overfished in the Atlantic Ocean, with the vast majority of fishing mortality resulting from the pelagic longline fishery that targets tunas (Thunnus spp.) and swordfish Xiphias gladius. Time series of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data have been fundamental to assessments of blue marlin and white marlin stocks, but these time series have been affected by a shift over time in pelagic longline fishing practices from shallow to deeper sets. One method for adjusting CPUE data for changes in fishing practices is a habitat-based standardization that modifies fishing effort in …

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Alternative Substrates As A Native Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Reef Restoration Strategy In Chesapeake Bay, Russell Paul Burke Jan 2010

Alternative Substrates As A Native Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Reef Restoration Strategy In Chesapeake Bay, Russell Paul Burke

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Oyster shell for native oyster reef restoration is scarce in Chesapeake Bay and other estuaries (Chapter 1). Consequently, alternative substrates merit consideration in oyster restoration. This dissertation examines the suitability of shell alternatives, including granite, concrete, limestone marl, concrete modules and reefballs with reef surveys and experiments in the Rappahannock and Lynnhaven Rivers of Chesapeake Bay. Oyster recruitment, growth, survival, density, biomass, condition, and disease stress, as well as reef accretion and persistence, were measured. In the Lynnhaven River, intertidal riprap had a mean density of 978 oysters m-2 (165 g AFDM m-2) and peak densities > 2000 oysters m-2 (Chapter …

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Copper Oxide Wire Particles In Feed Pellets For Controlling Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection In Ewes And Lambs, Sarah Tammy Nicole Orlik Jan 2010

Copper Oxide Wire Particles In Feed Pellets For Controlling Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection In Ewes And Lambs, Sarah Tammy Nicole Orlik

LSU Master's Theses

Gastrointestinal nematode parasites cause extensive damage to small ruminants, and Haemonchus contortus is a major concern to production. In the past, small ruminants were dewormed at regular intervals and control methods were based primarily on the use of anthelmintics. At present, anthelmintic resistance has been reported worldwide and has developed into a serious problem for small ruminant management programs. In view of this, alternate control methods are needed. One alternative method is the use of copper oxide wire particles (COWP). Three independent trials were conducted during Spring, Summer, and Fall of 2008. Two trials evaluated the effect of COWP in …

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Pregnancy Rates In Beef Cattle Artifically Inseminated With Frozen-Thawed Aged Beef Semen, David Barry Carwell Jan 2010

Pregnancy Rates In Beef Cattle Artifically Inseminated With Frozen-Thawed Aged Beef Semen, David Barry Carwell

LSU Master's Theses

The duration of frozen semen storage had no effect on pregnancy rates (60%, 61% and 61%, respectively) in Angus females inseminated with semen from 25 Angus bulls from Time Frames 1 (1960-1975), 2 (1976-1991) and 3 (1992-2006). Pregnancy rates were not different for beef females inseminated with semen from Time Frames 1, 2 and 3 (55%, 62% and 55%, respectively). There were no differences for total and progressive sperm motility across Time Frames 1 (42% and 29%), Time Frame 2 (51% and 38%) and Time Frame 3 (55% and 41%) and percentage of normal and abnormal sperm from bulls in …

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Carbohydrate Sources And Maximizing The Use Of Supplemental Amino Acids In Diets For Weanling Pigs, Victor D. Naranjo Jan 2010

Carbohydrate Sources And Maximizing The Use Of Supplemental Amino Acids In Diets For Weanling Pigs, Victor D. Naranjo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of this research were 1) to determine the effect of replacing dried whey (DW) with milk chocolate product (MCP), dried whey permeate (DWP) with candy oats (CO), and spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) with a novel swine nutritional supplement (SNS) on growth performance of weanling pigs, and 2) to determine the maximum level of supplemental L-Lys, along with DL-Met, L-Thr, and L-Trp that can be added in diets for 6- to 12 and 13- to 23-kg pigs. Three experiments were conducted to compare the feeding value of MCP (20% lactose and 60% sugars) and DW (70% lactose). Results from …

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Influence Of Low Homogenization Pressures On Acid Tolerance, Bile Tolerance, Protease Activity, And Growth Characteristics Of Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Ssp Bulgaricus Lb-12, Streptococcus Salivarius Ssp Thermophilus St-M5, And Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K, Tanuja Muramalla Jan 2010

Influence Of Low Homogenization Pressures On Acid Tolerance, Bile Tolerance, Protease Activity, And Growth Characteristics Of Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Ssp Bulgaricus Lb-12, Streptococcus Salivarius Ssp Thermophilus St-M5, And Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K, Tanuja Muramalla

LSU Master's Theses

Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus LB-12, Streptococcus salivarius ssp thermophilus ST-M5 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K are dairy cultures widely used in the fermentation of dairy products. Homogenization is an essential process in dairy industry for making several products. High homogenization pressures (>50 MPa) are used to create stable emulsion, inactivate the pathogens and increase the protease activity of dairy cultures. Sparse literature is available on the influence of low homogenization pressures, and their effect on beneficial characteristics of dairy cultures is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low homogenization pressures on acid …

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Dopaminergic Input To The Equine Pituitary: Seasonal And Estradiol Effects, Sarah Case Clavier Jan 2010

Dopaminergic Input To The Equine Pituitary: Seasonal And Estradiol Effects, Sarah Case Clavier

LSU Master's Theses

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of season and estradiol administration on dopaminergic input to the equine adenohypophysis. Experiment 1 began in the spring with 8 mares and 8 stallions and was repeated again in the summer, fall, and winter. Horses were given sulpiride injections of eight incremental doses (0.25 to 32 µg/kg BW). Within each group of 8 horses, half received the sulpiride in an increasing manner, the other half in a decreasing manner. Prolactin concentrations peaked in the first 15 to 30 min in all horses in all seasons. Prolactin areas under the curve increased (P < 0.001) with increasing doses of sulpiride, and were highest (P < 0.05) in March for stallions, but in June for mares. The calculated half-maximum values, which should be proportional to the dopaminergic input to the pituitary, were lowest (P < 0.05) in June and greatest in September. The variation in half-maximum values with season indicated a change in dopaminergic input to the pituitary, with lowest input occurring in June in both sexes. Experiment 2 was designed to determine if the degree of dopaminergic input to the adenohypophysis is altered by estradiol administration. Twelve geldings were used. On day 0, geldings received an i.m. injection of either estradiol cypionate (ECP; n = 6) or vegetable oil (n = 6) at one of two dose volumes (2 vs. 10 mL). On day 6, all geldings received an injection of sulpiride at 0.082 µg/kg BW in saline. Sulpiride injections were repeated every other day with the dose increasing each day, from 0.164 to 100 µg/kg BW. Estradiol pretreatment increased (P < 0.05) the prolactin response to sulpiride at the 2.56 µg/kg dose and higher. However, the half-maximum values for ECP-treated and control geldings did not differ, indicating that the amount of sulpiride needed to counterbalance the amount of dopamine reaching the pituitary was unaltered by estradiol treatment. It was concluded that estradiol likely stimulates prolactin production and secretion after sulpiride directly at the lactotrope level, rather than by decreasing hypothalamic dopamine input to the lactotropes.

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Effects Of Meal Timing On Anabolic Hormone Status And Energy Metabolism In Neonatal Dairy Calves, Katherine Claire Simon Jan 2010

Effects Of Meal Timing On Anabolic Hormone Status And Energy Metabolism In Neonatal Dairy Calves, Katherine Claire Simon

LSU Master's Theses

Twelve neonatal Holstein bull calves (38.52 ± 5.87 kg) were fed milk replacer at a fixed or varied meal time to determine the effects on metabolic hormone secretion, average daily intake, growth, and energy metabolism. Body weights were measured every two weeks from birth to 8 weeks. Rumen fluid was collected every two weeks from week 2 through 8. Serial blood collections were conducted every two weeks from week 2 through 8. Blood was collected, beginning at 0530, at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 150 minutes. Plasma was analyzed for ghrelin, leptin, growth hormone …

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Cell Extract-Based Reprogramming Of Somatic Cells, Laura Whitney Coley Jan 2010

Cell Extract-Based Reprogramming Of Somatic Cells, Laura Whitney Coley

LSU Master's Theses

The differentiation potential of adult stem cells (ASC) has long been thought to be limited to cell lineages present in the organ from which they are derived; however, several studies have challenged this notion by demonstrating that some ASC exhibit a remarkably high degree of plasticity. Unlike terminally differentiated somatic cells, the less differentiated state of ASC can assume the functional phenotypes and expression profiles of cells unique to other tissues. The expansive repertoire of differentiation potential exhibited by ASC suggests these cells possess characteristics similar to pluripotent cells, including epigenomic regulatory pattern. Therefore, ASC may be better equipped for …

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Laser-Assisted Zona Pellucida Hatching Of Frozen-Thawed In Vivo-Produced Bovine Embryos, Mindy Kaye Chiasson Jan 2010

Laser-Assisted Zona Pellucida Hatching Of Frozen-Thawed In Vivo-Produced Bovine Embryos, Mindy Kaye Chiasson

LSU Master's Theses

Incomplete zona hatching or failure of the zona to rupture compromises post-transfer embryo viability and conceptus development. Assisted hatching prior to the transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos has been proposed as a means to increase recipient pregnancy rates. The objective of this study was to determine if laser-assisted hatching would improve in vivo-produced frozen-thawed bovine embryo hatching and pregnancy rates. In Experiment I,II and III frozen direct-transfer embryos received either two a or three symmetrical rents at either 40% or 80% through the outer zona surface using the Hamilton Thorne XYClone® (Hamilton Thorne Biosciences) diode laser at 90% power with …

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Effects Of Varying Levels Of Cottonseed Hulls On Growth And Metabolic Indications Of Rumen Development Of Dairy Calves, Ryan Doescher Jan 2010

Effects Of Varying Levels Of Cottonseed Hulls On Growth And Metabolic Indications Of Rumen Development Of Dairy Calves, Ryan Doescher

LSU Master's Theses

A study was conducted to determine the effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves. Sixty-four Holstein calves (Heifers, n=40; Bulls, n=24) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments which included calf starters containing no cottonseed hulls (control; C), 10% cottonseed hulls (10% CSH), 15% cottonseed hulls (15% CSH), or 20% cottonseed hulls (20% CSH). Calves were fed their respective treatments beginning on day 6 until day 56 of age. Body weights were measured at birth and biweekly thereafter until day 56 of age. Wither and hip heights …

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