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2019

Microbiome

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Articles 31 - 39 of 39

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Linking Microbial Community Structure And Ecosystem Functions In Acidic Soil From Pennsylvania, Usa, Madison T. James, Sophia T. Farrisi, Shreya Shah, Vishal Shah Jan 2019

Linking Microbial Community Structure And Ecosystem Functions In Acidic Soil From Pennsylvania, Usa, Madison T. James, Sophia T. Farrisi, Shreya Shah, Vishal Shah

Sustainability Research & Creative Activities Grants Reports

Microorganisms play a critical role in the structure and functioning of soil ecosystems. Within acidic soil across the northeastern United States and Canada, we have little understanding of the microbial diversity present and its relationship to the biochemical cycles. The current study is aimed at understanding the taxonomical and functional diversities in the acidic soil obtained from near various types of trees, how the diversities change as a function of depth, and the linkage between taxonomical and functional diversities. From eight sampling locations, soil samples were collected from three horizons (depths). The three depths were 0-10 cm (A), 11-25 cm …

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Relationship Between The Cervical Microbiome, Hiv Status, And Precancerous Lesions, Cameron Klein, Daniela Gonzalez, Kandali Samwel, Crispin Kahesa, Julius Mwaiselage, Nirosh Aluthge, Samodha Fernando, John T. West, Charles Wood, Peter C. Angeletti Jan 2019

Relationship Between The Cervical Microbiome, Hiv Status, And Precancerous Lesions, Cameron Klein, Daniela Gonzalez, Kandali Samwel, Crispin Kahesa, Julius Mwaiselage, Nirosh Aluthge, Samodha Fernando, John T. West, Charles Wood, Peter C. Angeletti

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Nearly all cervical cancers are causally associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). The burden of HPV-associated dysplasias in sub-Saharan Africa is influenced by HIV. To investigate the role of the bacterial microbiome in cervical dysplasia, cytobrush samples were collected directly from cervical lesions of 144 Tanzanian women. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and deep sequenced. Alpha diversity metrics (Chao1, PD whole tree, and operational taxonomic unit [OTU] estimates) displayed significantly higher bacterial richness in HIV-positive patients (P = 0.01) than in HIV-negative patients. In HIV-positive patients, there was higher bacterial richness in patients with …

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Environnmental Influences On Caribbean Octocoral-Symbiodiniaceae Symbioses, Mark Mccauley Jan 2019

Environnmental Influences On Caribbean Octocoral-Symbiodiniaceae Symbioses, Mark Mccauley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A Caribbean octocoral colony is an assemblage of the octocoral host, dinoflagellate algae (family Symbiodiniaceae), bacteria and other microbes, together functioning as meta-organism (holobiont). Even though octocorals dominate many Caribbean reefs, compared to scleractinian corals, little is known about their biology under ambient or potentially stressful conditions. Of the nine species of octocorals (gorgonian corals, Order: Alcyonacea) studied, each had significantly different polyp behaviors, biochemical compositions, Symbiodiniaceae parameters, isotopic signatures, in addition to hosting distinct microbial assemblages. We identified multiple Symbiodiniaceae species (Breviolum minutum, Breviolum B41, Breviolum B1a and Breviolum B1i), inhabiting the gorgonians. These symbioses were temporally and …

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A Comparative Study Of Equine Gut Microbiomes Using 16s And 18s Rrna Sequencing, Jillian Jorgenson Jan 2019

A Comparative Study Of Equine Gut Microbiomes Using 16s And 18s Rrna Sequencing, Jillian Jorgenson

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

The gut microbiome of domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus) can be broken down into two primary divisions of interest: (1) prokaryotic composition, consisting of bacteria and archaea and (2) fungal composition. Within the gut, there are also eukaryotic parasite communities that may interact with the microbiome. While each has been the subject of various scientific explorations, in this study we analyze the potential interconnectedness of these categories. To determine the extent to which each component of the gut microbiome/parasitic communities influences the other, DNA was extracted and amplified from the fecal samples of eight horses. A combination of …

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Effects Of Weight Loss On Gut Microbiota, Samitinjaya Dhakal Jan 2019

Effects Of Weight Loss On Gut Microbiota, Samitinjaya Dhakal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Incidence of obesity continues to rise for several decades now. Despite the availability of the multiple weight loss programs, losing or maintaining weight remains a universal challenge. A comprehensive lifestyle modification is usually the cornerstone for achieving weight loss. A wealth of new information on gut microbial responses to diet to impact human health has introduced a new frontier in nutrition science that may help better understand inter-individual response variations to weight-loss interventions. This observational study examined the microbiota changes after weight-loss in relation to age, sex, and body-composition features in adults. A 10% reduction in body weight resulted in …

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The Microbiome And Medicine: The Relationship Between Early-Life Colonization And Health Outcomes Such As Asthma And Allergies, Madeline May Jan 2019

The Microbiome And Medicine: The Relationship Between Early-Life Colonization And Health Outcomes Such As Asthma And Allergies, Madeline May

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

Bacteria inhabit all surfaces of our bodies, and this symbiotic relationship is critical for our survival. The human gut, is colonized by bacteria who aide in digestion and other functions within our immune system. A healthy gut environment is characterized by a rich and diverse microbial ecosystem. The microbiome is fundamental in the proper functioning of our immune system and can influence many health outcomes. The gut microbiome has an essential role in infant health and development. In recent years, this long established relationship between beneficial bacteria and humans has been disrupted by environmental factors, antibiotics, maternal diet, delivery mode, …

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A Novel Sparse Compositional Technique Reveals Microbial Perturbations, Cameron Martino, James T. Morton, Clarisse A. Martoz, Luke R. Thompson, Anupriya Tripathi, Rob Knight, Karsten Zengler Jan 2019

A Novel Sparse Compositional Technique Reveals Microbial Perturbations, Cameron Martino, James T. Morton, Clarisse A. Martoz, Luke R. Thompson, Anupriya Tripathi, Rob Knight, Karsten Zengler

Faculty Publications

The central aims of many host or environmental microbiome studies are to elucidate factors associated with microbial community compositions and to relate microbial features to outcomes. However, these aims are often complicated by difficulties stemming from high-dimensionality, non-normality, sparsity, and the compositional nature of microbiome data sets. A key tool in microbiome analysis is beta diversity, defined by the distances between microbial samples. Many different distance metrics have been proposed, all with varying discriminatory power on data with differing characteristics. Here, we propose a compositional beta diversity metric rooted in a centered log-ratio transformation and matrix completion called robust Aitchison …

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Altered Gut Microbiome In Parkinson's Disease And The Influence Of Lipopolysaccharide In A Human Α-Synuclein Over-Expressing Mouse Model, Anastazja M. Gorecki, Leah Preskey, Megan C. Bakeberg, Jade E. Kenna, Christi Gildenhuys, Gabriella Macdougall, Sarah A. Dunlop, Frank L. Mastaglia, P Anthony Akkari, Frank Koengten, Ryan S. Anderton Jan 2019

Altered Gut Microbiome In Parkinson's Disease And The Influence Of Lipopolysaccharide In A Human Α-Synuclein Over-Expressing Mouse Model, Anastazja M. Gorecki, Leah Preskey, Megan C. Bakeberg, Jade E. Kenna, Christi Gildenhuys, Gabriella Macdougall, Sarah A. Dunlop, Frank L. Mastaglia, P Anthony Akkari, Frank Koengten, Ryan S. Anderton

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

The interaction between the gut microbiota and alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is receiving increasing attention. The objective of this study was to investigate gut microbiota, and effects of an inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) trigger in a human αSyn over-expressing mouse model of PD (Thy1-αSyn). Stool samples from patients with confirmed PD and Thy1-αSyn mice were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Compared to healthy controls, the relative abundance of mucin-degrading Verrucomicrobiae and LPS-producing Gammaproteobacteria were greater in PD patients. In mice, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was negligible in both Thy1-αSyn and wild-type (WT) animals, while Verrucomicrobiae were reduced …

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Effects Of Oceanfeed Swine Feed Additive On Performance Of Sows And Their Offspring, L. Del Tuffo, F. Laskoski, C. M. Vier, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, L. A. Constance, M. Niederwerder, E. Arkfeldt Jan 2019

Effects Of Oceanfeed Swine Feed Additive On Performance Of Sows And Their Offspring, L. Del Tuffo, F. Laskoski, C. M. Vier, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, L. A. Constance, M. Niederwerder, E. Arkfeldt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Oceanfeed SwineTMfeed additive on sows and their offspring performance. Oceanfeed Swine is a product created by drying and blending a selected mix of brown, red, and green seaweeds (Ocean Harvest Technology, Galway, Ireland). A total of 28 sows (DNA 241, DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) and litters were used from d 30 of gestation until weaning (d 20 of lactation). Treatments consisted of providing a control diet (n = 14 sows) or the Oceanfeed Swine diet (n = 14 sows) added at 0.5% of complete diet in …

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