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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Transcriptional And Post-Translational Regulation Of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis In Catharanthus Roseus, Priyanka Paul
Transcriptional And Post-Translational Regulation Of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis In Catharanthus Roseus, Priyanka Paul
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) is the exclusive source of an array of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) that are used in the treatments of hypertension and certain types of cancer. TIA biosynthesis is under stringent spatiotemporal control and is induced by jasmonate (JA) and fungal elicitors. Tryptamine, derived from the indole branch, and secologanin from the iridoid branch are condensed to form the first TIA, strictosidine. Biosynthesis of TIA is regulated at the transcriptional level and several transcription factors (TFs) regulating the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the pathway have been isolated and characterized. The JA-responsive APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR …
Using Exogenous Hormone Application To Suppress Axillary Shoot Development In Tobacco, W. Jesse Carmack
Using Exogenous Hormone Application To Suppress Axillary Shoot Development In Tobacco, W. Jesse Carmack
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
The variability in the number of basal axillary shoots (ground suckers) among all tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties, has increased since the hydroponic transplant production system became the standard. The larger root ball of hydroponically produced transplants compared to traditionally produced transplants potentially generates a difference in the ratio of auxin (inhibits axillary shoot formation) to cytokinin (promotes lateral branching), that induces basal axillary shoot development. Starting in 2014, studies were conducted to investigate whether the addition of synthetic auxins or cytokinins to hydroponic transplant production could prevent ground sucker formation. Different tobacco cultivars, with high or low ground sucker …
The Role Of Alternative Polyadenylation Mediated By Cpsf30 In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Guijie Hao
The Role Of Alternative Polyadenylation Mediated By Cpsf30 In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Guijie Hao
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Drought stress is considered one of the most devastating abiotic stress factors that limit crop productivity for modern agriculture worldwide. There is a large range of physiological and biochemical responses induced by drought stress. The responses range from physiological and biochemical to regulation at transcription and posttranscriptional levels. Post-transcription, the products encoded by eukaryotic genes must undergo a series of modifications to become a mature mRNA. Polyadenylation is an important one in terms of regulation. Polyadenylation impacts gene expression through determining the coding and regulation potential of the mRNA, especially when different mRNAs from the same gene may be polyadenylated …
Evaluating Soil Physical And Chemical Properties Following Addition Of Non-Composted Spent Coffee And Tea For Athletic Fields, Shuang Zhou
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Physical and chemical properties of non-composted spent coffee (CF) and tea (T) suggest they may have applications as soil amendments for improving poor soils. Studies were conducted to determine 1) the effect of amendments on grass growth and soil properties, 2) the effect of incorporation versus surface application of amendments on soil properties, and 3) the effect of amendment application frequency on grass growth and soil properties. In the first study, amendments were mixed with sand and planted to bermudagrass. Treatments included CF, T, and peat moss (PM) mixed with sand, and 100% sand as a control. In the second …
Evaluating Nonstructural Carbohydrate Variation Of Cool-Season Grasses Based On Genotype, Management And Environment, Kelly Joan Prince
Evaluating Nonstructural Carbohydrate Variation Of Cool-Season Grasses Based On Genotype, Management And Environment, Kelly Joan Prince
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Understanding how nonstructural carbohydrates fluctuate in pastures and being able to quantify them is an essential component in successfully managing grazing animals that may require high or low nonstructural carbohydrate diets. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effects of genotype, management, and environment on water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC) in cool-season grass pastures in central Kentucky, and 2) to develop near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations to predict WSC and ESC in cool-season grasses. Ten cool-season grass cultivars consisting of Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were sampled in the morning and afternoon …
Could Winter Annual Crop Choice Increase No-Till Double-Crop Soybean Yield In Kentucky?, Ethan M. Swiggart
Could Winter Annual Crop Choice Increase No-Till Double-Crop Soybean Yield In Kentucky?, Ethan M. Swiggart
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Double-cropping soybean (Glycine max L.) after a winter annual crop is common in Kentucky. The preceding winter annual crop may affect double-crop soybean yield in Kentucky. Producers and agronomists have reported greater double-crop soybean yields when preceded by winter canola (Brassica napus L.) rather than winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Explanations for these yield differences remain unresolved. The objectives of this study are to: (1) evaluate double-crop soybean productivity in field environments following four winter annual crop treatments; (2) determine differences of early soybean growth in greenhouse (GH) and cold chamber (CC) environments; and …
Transcriptomic Analyses Of Cathatranthus Roseus Hairy Roots Overexpressing Crmyc2 And Orca3 And Roles Of Cross-Family Transcription Factor Interaction In Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis, Xueyi Sui
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), is a well-known medicinal plant that produces a vast array of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), including two anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. Industrial scale production of TIAs is hampered by the difficulties of total chemical synthesis of these compounds and the fragmented knowledge on TIA pathway. Transcriptional regulation of the TIA biosynthetic pathway has not been thoroughly investigated in Catharanthus and only a few structural genes have been identified as the targets of two master regulators: the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) CrMYC2 and APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF), ORCA3. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been …
Increasing Renewable Oil Content And Utility, William Richard Serson
Increasing Renewable Oil Content And Utility, William Richard Serson
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Since the dawn of agriculture man has been genetically modifying crop plants to increase yield, quality and utility. In addition to selective breeding and hybridization we can utilize mutant populations and biotechnology to have greater control over crop plant modification than ever before. Increasing the production of plant oils such as soybean oil as a renewable resource for food and fuel is valuable. Successful breeding for higher oil levels in soybean, however, usually results in reduced protein, a second valuable seed component. We show that by manipulating a highly active acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) the hydrocarbon flux to oil in …
Impact Of A High Oil And Protein On Agronomic Traits And Overall Seed Composition In Soybean, Maythem Al-Amery
Impact Of A High Oil And Protein On Agronomic Traits And Overall Seed Composition In Soybean, Maythem Al-Amery
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
New soybean lines have been developed with significantly higher oil, protein + oil and higher meal protein. These soybeans contain a VgD1 gene (highly active acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) produces much higher oil synthesis and accumulation activity in soybean. Soybean with active DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) has active TAG biosynthesis relative to other DGATs including from soybeans and Arabidopsis. DGATs catalyze the final step of TAG synthesis: DAG (diacylglycerol) + acyl-CoA → TAG + CoASH (Coenzyme A is notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in …
Studies Relating Pqq Biosynthesis To Putative Peptidases And Operon Structure In Pseudomonas Species, Benjamin Diaz
Studies Relating Pqq Biosynthesis To Putative Peptidases And Operon Structure In Pseudomonas Species, Benjamin Diaz
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Several bacteria isolated from the broccoli rhizosphere were assayed to compare their ability to solubilize phosphate and release pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) into the surrounding media. Subsequently, their genomes were sequenced and analyzed for PQQ biosynthesis operon structure. PQQ biosynthesis genes pqqA-F were found in all isolates. The order of PQQ biosynthesis genes and predicted amino acid sequences were compared to each other and the host’s ability to solubilize phosphate and release PQQ. In all Pseudomonas species, two putative protease genes, pqqF, and pqqG, flanked the canonical pqqA-pqqE biosynthesis operon. No mechanistic studies have confirmed the function of …
Genotype × Environment × Management: Implications For Selection To Heat Stress Tolerance And Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Soft Red Winter Wheat, Kathleen Russell
Genotype × Environment × Management: Implications For Selection To Heat Stress Tolerance And Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Soft Red Winter Wheat, Kathleen Russell
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
The complex interaction of genetics, environment and management in determination of crop yields can interfere with selection progress in breeding programs. Specifically, the impact on selection for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under changing climatic conditions can be confounded by these interactions. Temperature increases for the southeastern United States are projected to range from 1-3°C by 2050 with nighttime temperatures increasing more rapidly than day temperatures. High temperatures are known to affect crop development and breeding for tolerance to heat stress is difficult to achieve in field environments. We utilized a multi-environment trial to assess …