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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Fish Sound Production In The Presence Of Harmful Algal Blooms In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico, Carrie C. Wall, Chad Lembke, Chuanmin Hu, David A. Mann
Fish Sound Production In The Presence Of Harmful Algal Blooms In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico, Carrie C. Wall, Chad Lembke, Chuanmin Hu, David A. Mann
Marine Science Faculty Publications
This paper presents the first known research to examine sound production by fishes during harmful algal blooms (HABs). Most fish sound production is species-specific and repetitive, enabling passive acoustic monitoring to identify the distribution and behavior of soniferous species. Autonomous gliders that collect passive acoustic data and environmental data concurrently can be used to establish the oceanographic conditions surrounding sound-producing organisms. Three passive acoustic glider missions were conducted off west-central Florida in October 2011, and September and October 2012. The deployment period for two missions was dictated by the presence of red tide events with the glider path specifically set …
The Impact Of Changing Surface Ocean Conditions On The Dissolution Of Aerosol Iron, Matthew Fishwick, Peter Sedwick, Maeve Lohan, Pau Worsfold, Kristen N. Buck, Thomas Church, Simon Ussher
The Impact Of Changing Surface Ocean Conditions On The Dissolution Of Aerosol Iron, Matthew Fishwick, Peter Sedwick, Maeve Lohan, Pau Worsfold, Kristen N. Buck, Thomas Church, Simon Ussher
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The proportion of aerosol iron (Fe) that dissolves in seawater varies greatly and is dependent on aerosol composition and the physicochemical conditions of seawater, which may change depending on location or be altered by global environmental change. Aerosol and surface seawater samples were collected in the Sargasso Sea and used to investigate the impact of these changing conditions on aerosol Fe dissolution in seawater. Our data show that seawater temperature, pH, and oxygen concentration, within the range of current and projected future values, had no significant effect on the dissolution of aerosol Fe. However, the source and composition of aerosols …
Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Monitoring Of Coral Ecosystems: New 5-Km Global Products From Noaa Coral Reef Watch, Gang Liu, Scott F. Heron, C. Mark Eakin, Frank E. Muller-Karger, María Vega-Rodriguez, Liane S. Guild, Jacqueline L. De La Cour, Erick F. Geiger, William J. Skirving, Timothy F. R. Burgess, Alan E. Strong, Andy Harris, Eileen Maturi, Alexander Ignatov, John Sapper, Jianke Li, Susan Lynds
Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Monitoring Of Coral Ecosystems: New 5-Km Global Products From Noaa Coral Reef Watch, Gang Liu, Scott F. Heron, C. Mark Eakin, Frank E. Muller-Karger, María Vega-Rodriguez, Liane S. Guild, Jacqueline L. De La Cour, Erick F. Geiger, William J. Skirving, Timothy F. R. Burgess, Alan E. Strong, Andy Harris, Eileen Maturi, Alexander Ignatov, John Sapper, Jianke Li, Susan Lynds
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch (CRW) program has developed a daily global 5-km product suite based on satellite observations to monitor thermal stress on coral reefs. These products fulfill requests from coral reef managers and researchers for higher resolution products by taking advantage of new satellites, sensors and algorithms. Improvements of the 5-km products over CRW’s heritage global 50-km products are derived from: (1) the higher resolution and greater data density of NOAA’s next-generation operational daily global 5-km geo-polar blended sea surface temperature (SST) analysis; and (2) implementation of a new SST climatology derived …
Stable Isotopes In Fish Eye Lenses As Potential Recorders Of Trophic And Geographic History, Amy A. Wallace, David J. Hollander, Ernst B. Peebles
Stable Isotopes In Fish Eye Lenses As Potential Recorders Of Trophic And Geographic History, Amy A. Wallace, David J. Hollander, Ernst B. Peebles
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We evaluated eye lenses as potential recorders of stable isotope histories in fish because they consist of metabolically inert optical proteins that are deposited in successive, concentric circles (laminae) much like otolith circuli and tree rings. We conducted four different tests on lenses from red snapper, red grouper, gag, and white grunt. The first test was a low-resolution screening of multiple individuals (4–5 radial groups of laminae per lens, all species except white grunt). Along the radial axis, all individuals exhibited substantial isotopic variability. Red snapper individuals separated into two groups based on δ15N and gag separated into …
Assessing Climate Variability Effects On Dengue Incidence In San Juan, Puerto Rico, Pablo Méndez-Lázaro, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Daniel Otis, Matthew J Mccarthy, Marisol Peña-Orellana
Assessing Climate Variability Effects On Dengue Incidence In San Juan, Puerto Rico, Pablo Méndez-Lázaro, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Daniel Otis, Matthew J Mccarthy, Marisol Peña-Orellana
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We test the hypothesis that climate and environmental conditions are becoming favorable for dengue transmission in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Sea Level Pressure (SLP), Mean Sea Level (MSL), Wind, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Air Surface Temperature (AST), Rainfall, and confirmed dengue cases were analyzed. We evaluated the dengue incidence and environmental data with Principal Component Analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Kendall trend test and logistic regressions. Results indicated that dry days are increasing and wet days are decreasing. MSL is increasing, posing higher risk of dengue as the perimeter of the San Juan Bay estuary expands and shorelines move inland. Warming …
A Record Of Anthropogenic Effects On Sedimentation In The Manatee River, Florida, Patrick Schwing, Ashanti Johnson
A Record Of Anthropogenic Effects On Sedimentation In The Manatee River, Florida, Patrick Schwing, Ashanti Johnson
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Increased sedimentation rates have been attributed to increased anthropogenic activity in watersheds throughout Florida and many parts of the world. The Manatee River, located on the west coast of Florida (USA), like many other coastal watersheds, has experienced depletion in natural resources, increased nutrient loading, and increased pollution. LARs (linear accumulation rates) from watersheds throughout Florida suggest that anthropogenic activity increased bulk sedimentation by as much as 4-fold. The objective of this study was to construct a record of sedimentation and improve upon previous studies by determining individual sedimentary constituent MARs (mass accumulation rates) based on short lived radioisotopes (210Pb …
Silica Cycling In The Ultra-Oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea, M. D. Krom, N. Kress, Kent A. Fanning Ph.D.
Silica Cycling In The Ultra-Oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea, M. D. Krom, N. Kress, Kent A. Fanning Ph.D.
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Although silica is a key plant nutrient, there have been few studies aimed at understanding the Si cycle in the eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). Here we use a combination of new measurements and literature values to explain the silicic acid distribution across the basin and to calculate a silica budget to identify the key controlling processes. The surface water concentration of ∼1 μM, which is unchanging seasonally across the basin, was due to the inflow of western Mediterranean Sea (WMS) water at the Straits of Sicily. It does not change seasonally because there is only a sparse population of diatoms …
Transforming Management Of Tropical Coastal Seas To Cope With Challenges Of The 21st Century, Peter F. Sale, Tundi Agardy, Cameron H. Ainsworth, Blake E. Feist, Johann D. Bell, Patrick Christie, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Peter J. Mumby, David A. Feary, Megan I. Saunders, Tim M. Daw, Simon J. Foale, Phillip S. Levin, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Kai Lorenzen, Robert S. Pomeroy, Edward H. Allison, R. H. Bradbury, Jennifer Corrin, Alasdair J. Edwards, David O. Obura, Yvonne J. Sadovy De Mitcheson, Melita A. Samoilys, Charles R.C. Sheppard
Transforming Management Of Tropical Coastal Seas To Cope With Challenges Of The 21st Century, Peter F. Sale, Tundi Agardy, Cameron H. Ainsworth, Blake E. Feist, Johann D. Bell, Patrick Christie, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Peter J. Mumby, David A. Feary, Megan I. Saunders, Tim M. Daw, Simon J. Foale, Phillip S. Levin, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Kai Lorenzen, Robert S. Pomeroy, Edward H. Allison, R. H. Bradbury, Jennifer Corrin, Alasdair J. Edwards, David O. Obura, Yvonne J. Sadovy De Mitcheson, Melita A. Samoilys, Charles R.C. Sheppard
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Over 1.3 billion people live on tropical coasts, primarily in developing countries. Many depend on adjacent coastal seas for food, and livelihoods. We show how trends in demography and in several local and global anthropogenic stressors are progressively degrading capacity of coastal waters to sustain these people. Far more effective approaches to environmental management are needed if the loss in provision of ecosystem goods and services is to be stemmed. We propose expanded use of marine spatial planning as a framework for more effective, pragmatic management based on ocean zones to accommodate conflicting uses. This would force the holistic, regional-scale …
Real‐Time Oceanographic Data: From Safety To Science, Steven D. Meyers, Jeffrey Scudder, Mark E. Luther
Real‐Time Oceanographic Data: From Safety To Science, Steven D. Meyers, Jeffrey Scudder, Mark E. Luther
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Coastal areas such as bays and estuaries host 30%–50% of the global human population and shipping ports that handle 80% of world trade. These areas are increasingly vulnerable to chemical and biological contamination and to storm surge in the short term and to sea level rise in the long term.
Evaluation Of Foraminiferal Trace Element Cleaning Protocols On The Mg/Ca Of Marine Ostracod Genus Krithe, William Gray, Jonathan Holmes, Amelia E. Shevenell
Evaluation Of Foraminiferal Trace Element Cleaning Protocols On The Mg/Ca Of Marine Ostracod Genus Krithe, William Gray, Jonathan Holmes, Amelia E. Shevenell
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Mg/Ca of calcite from the marine ostracod genus Krithe may be an important tool for reconstructing past changes in oceanic bottom water temperature (150–4000 m water depth). Rigorous cleaning procedures, routinely used to remove clays, organic matter and Fe–Mn oxyhydroxide coatings in trace element studies of foraminifera, are not regularly applied to marine ostracods despite the potential for Mg contamination. Here we apply standard oxidative and reductive foraminiferal cleaning procedures to core top Krithe pernoides valves from boxcore OCE205-50BC (26.23°N, 77.7°W, 817 m water depth) to evaluate the effects of contamination on Mg/Ca ratios and assess the impact of …
Problems Associated With A Lipofuscin Extraction Method Used To Age Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus Cultured In Florida, Usa, Claire E. Crowley, Ryan L. Gandy, Kendra L. Daly, Edward S. Van Vleet
Problems Associated With A Lipofuscin Extraction Method Used To Age Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus Cultured In Florida, Usa, Claire E. Crowley, Ryan L. Gandy, Kendra L. Daly, Edward S. Van Vleet
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is an ecologically and economically important component of marine and estuarine ecosystems of the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Current stock assessments lack a clear understanding of the age structure of blue crab populations in Florida (USA). Blue crabs and other crustaceans are especially difficult to age because of the complex nature of their discrete, rather than continuous, growth patterns. Chesapeake Bay researchers developed a method of aging blue crabs by assaying the aging pigment lipofuscin extracted from eyestalk nerve tissue. Here we investigated the usefulness of that method in determining the age of …
Consistency Of The Current Global Ocean Observing Systems From An Argo Perspective, K. Von Schuckmann, J.-B. Sallée, D. Chambers, P.-Y. Le Traon, C. Cabanes, F. Gaillard, S. Speich, M. Hamon
Consistency Of The Current Global Ocean Observing Systems From An Argo Perspective, K. Von Schuckmann, J.-B. Sallée, D. Chambers, P.-Y. Le Traon, C. Cabanes, F. Gaillard, S. Speich, M. Hamon
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Variations in the world's ocean heat storage and its associated volume changes are a key factor to gauge global warming and to assess the earth's energy and sea level budget. Estimating global ocean heat content (GOHC) and global steric sea level (GSSL) with temperature/salinity data from the Argo network reveals a positive change of 0.5 ± 0.1 W m−2 (applied to the surface area of the ocean) and 0.5 ± 0.1 mm year−1 during the years 2005 to 2012, averaged between 60° S and 60° N and the 10–1500 m depth layer. In this study, we present an …
The Gut Of Geographically Disparate Ciona Intestinalis Harbors A Core Microbiota, Larry J. Dishaw, Jaime Flores-Torres, Simon Lax, Kristina Gemayel, Brittany Leigh, Daniela Melillo, M. Gail Mueller, Lenina Natale, Ivana Zucchetti, Rosaria De Santis, Maria Rosaria Pinto, Gary W. Litman, Jack W. Gilbert
The Gut Of Geographically Disparate Ciona Intestinalis Harbors A Core Microbiota, Larry J. Dishaw, Jaime Flores-Torres, Simon Lax, Kristina Gemayel, Brittany Leigh, Daniela Melillo, M. Gail Mueller, Lenina Natale, Ivana Zucchetti, Rosaria De Santis, Maria Rosaria Pinto, Gary W. Litman, Jack W. Gilbert
Marine Science Faculty Publications
It is now widely understood that all animals engage in complex interactions with bacteria (or microbes) throughout their various life stages. This ancient exchange can involve cooperation and has resulted in a wide range of evolved host-microbial interdependencies, including those observed in the gut. Ciona intestinalis, a filter-feeding basal chordate and classic developmental model that can be experimentally manipulated, is being employed to help define these relationships. Ciona larvae are first exposed internally to microbes upon the initiation of feeding in metamorphosed individuals; however, whether or not these microbes subsequently colonize the gut and whether or not Ciona forms …
Diversity Of Environmental Single-Stranded Dna Phages Revealed By Pcr Amplification Of The Partial Major Capsid Protein, Max S. Hopkins, Shweta Kailasan, Allison Cohen, Simon Roux, Amelia E. Shevenell, Mavis Agbandje-Mckenna, Mya Breitbart
Diversity Of Environmental Single-Stranded Dna Phages Revealed By Pcr Amplification Of The Partial Major Capsid Protein, Max S. Hopkins, Shweta Kailasan, Allison Cohen, Simon Roux, Amelia E. Shevenell, Mavis Agbandje-Mckenna, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The small single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) bacteriophages of the subfamily Gokushovirinae were traditionally perceived as narrowly targeted, niche-specific viruses infecting obligate parasitic bacteria, such as Chlamydia. The advent of metagenomics revealed gokushoviruses to be widespread in global environmental samples. This study expands knowledge of gokushovirus diversity in the environment by developing a degenerate PCR assay to amplify a portion of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene of gokushoviruses. Over 500 amplicons were sequenced from 10 environmental samples (sediments, sewage, seawater and freshwater), revealing the ubiquity and high diversity of this understudied phage group. Residue-level conservation data generated from multiple alignments …
On The Consistency Of Modis Chlorophyll $A$ Products In The Northern South China Sea, S. L. Shang, Q. Dong, Chuanmin M. Hu, G. Lin, Y. H. Li, S. P. Shang
On The Consistency Of Modis Chlorophyll $A$ Products In The Northern South China Sea, S. L. Shang, Q. Dong, Chuanmin M. Hu, G. Lin, Y. H. Li, S. P. Shang
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Chlorophyll a (Chl) concentrations derived from satellite measurements have been used in oceanographic research, for example to interpret eco-responses to environmental changes on global and regional scales. However, it is unclear how existing Chl products compare with each other in terms of accuracy and consistency in revealing temporal and spatial patterns, especially in the optically complex marginal seas. In this study, we examined three MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Chl data products that have been made available to the community by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) using community-accepted algorithms and default parameterization. These included the products derived …
Rna Viral Metagenome Of Whiteflies Leads To The Discovery And Characterization Of A Whitefly-Transmitted Carlavirus In North America, Karyna Rosario, Heather Capobianco, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Mya Breitbart, Jane E. Polston
Rna Viral Metagenome Of Whiteflies Leads To The Discovery And Characterization Of A Whitefly-Transmitted Carlavirus In North America, Karyna Rosario, Heather Capobianco, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Mya Breitbart, Jane E. Polston
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Whiteflies from the Bemisia tabaci species complex have the ability to transmit a large number of plant viruses and are some of the most detrimental pests in agriculture. Although whiteflies are known to transmit both DNA and RNA viruses, most of the diversity has been recorded for the former, specifically for the Begomovirus genus. This study investigated the total diversity of DNA and RNA viruses found in whiteflies collected from a single site in Florida to evaluate if there are additional, previously undetected viral types within the B. tabaci vector. Metagenomic analysis of viral DNA extracted from the whiteflies only …
Seawater Ph Measurements In The Field: A Diy Photometer With 0.01 Unit Ph Accuracy, Bo Yang, Mark C. Patsavas, Robert H. Byrne, Jian Ma
Seawater Ph Measurements In The Field: A Diy Photometer With 0.01 Unit Ph Accuracy, Bo Yang, Mark C. Patsavas, Robert H. Byrne, Jian Ma
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A portable light-emitting-diode (LED) photometer has been developed to provide low-cost seawater pH measurements. The benefits of the new system include a simple “do-it-yourself” construction design, a hundredfold reduction in cost relative to benchtop spectrophotometric systems, routine calibration-free operation in the field, and precision and accuracy well suited to applications such as education, coastal zone monitoring (including citizen science programs), and aquaculture and aquarium management. The photometer uses a high-sensitivity light-to-voltage integrated circuit as a detector, two LED light sources, and an open-source Arduino microcontroller for system control and data processing. Measurements are based on observations of absorbances of a …
A Time-Series View Of Changing Surface Ocean Chemistry Due To Ocean Uptake Of Anthropogenic Co2 And Ocean Acidification, Nicholas R. Bates, Yrene M. Astor, Matthew J. Church, Kim Currie, John E. Dore, Melchor González-Dávila, Laura Lorenzoni, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Jon Olafsson, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
A Time-Series View Of Changing Surface Ocean Chemistry Due To Ocean Uptake Of Anthropogenic Co2 And Ocean Acidification, Nicholas R. Bates, Yrene M. Astor, Matthew J. Church, Kim Currie, John E. Dore, Melchor González-Dávila, Laura Lorenzoni, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Jon Olafsson, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Sustained observations provide critically needed data and understanding not only about ocean warming and water cycle reorganization (e.g., salinity changes), ocean eutrophication, and ocean deoxygenation, but also about changes in ocean chemistry. As an example of changes in the global ocean carbon cycle, consistent changes in surface seawater CO2-carbonate chemistry are documented by seven independent CO2 time series that provide sustained ocean observations collected for periods from 15 to 30 years: (1) Iceland Sea, (2) Irminger Sea, (3) Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS), (4) European Station for Time series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOC), (5) CArbon Retention …
An Eof-Based Algorithm To Estimate Chlorophyll A Concentrations In Taihu Lake From Modis Land-Band Measurements: Implications For Near Real-Time Applications And Forecasting Models, Lin Qi, Chuanmin Hu, Hongtao Duan, Brian B. Barnes, Ronghua Ma
An Eof-Based Algorithm To Estimate Chlorophyll A Concentrations In Taihu Lake From Modis Land-Band Measurements: Implications For Near Real-Time Applications And Forecasting Models, Lin Qi, Chuanmin Hu, Hongtao Duan, Brian B. Barnes, Ronghua Ma
Marine Science Faculty Publications
For near real-time water applications, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua are currently the only satellite instruments that can provide well-calibrated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance data over the global aquatic environments. However, TOA radiance data in the MODIS ocean bands over turbid atmosphere in east China often saturate, leaving only four land bands to use. In this study, an approach based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis has been developed and validated to estimate chlorophyll a concentrations (Chla, μg/L) in surface waters of Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China. The EOF approach analyzed the …
A New Bathymetric Compilation For The South Orkney Islands Region, Antarctic Peninsula (49°–39°W To 64°–59°S): Insights Into The Glacial Development Of The Continental Shelf, William A. Dickens, Alastair G. C. Graham, James A. Smith, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Robert D. Larter, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Phil N. Trathan, Jan Erik Arndt, Gerhard Kuhn
A New Bathymetric Compilation For The South Orkney Islands Region, Antarctic Peninsula (49°–39°W To 64°–59°S): Insights Into The Glacial Development Of The Continental Shelf, William A. Dickens, Alastair G. C. Graham, James A. Smith, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Robert D. Larter, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Phil N. Trathan, Jan Erik Arndt, Gerhard Kuhn
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We present a new, high resolution (300 m) bathymetric grid of the continental shelf surrounding the South Orkney Islands, northeast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The new grid, derived from a compilation of marine echo-sounding data, improves previous regional bathymetric representations and helps to visualize the morphology of the shelf in unrivalled detail. The compilation forms important baseline information for a range of scientific applications and end users including oceanographers, glacial modelers, biologists, and geologists. In particular, due to the limited understanding of glacial history in this region, the bathymetry provides the first detailed insights into past glacial regimes. The continental …
Deep-Sea Octopus (Graneledone Boreopacifica) Conducts The Longest-Known Egg-Brooding Period Of Any Animal, Bruce Robison, Brad Seibel, Jeffrey Drazen
Deep-Sea Octopus (Graneledone Boreopacifica) Conducts The Longest-Known Egg-Brooding Period Of Any Animal, Bruce Robison, Brad Seibel, Jeffrey Drazen
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Octopuses typically have a single reproductive period and then they die (semelparity). Once a clutch of fertilized eggs has been produced, the female protects and tends them until they hatch. In most shallow-water species this period of parental care can last from 1 to 3 months, but very little is known about the brooding of deep-living species. In the cold, dark waters of the deep ocean, metabolic processes are often slower than their counterparts at shallower depths. Extrapolations from data on shallow-water octopus species suggest that lower temperatures would prolong embryonic development periods. Likewise, laboratory studies have linked lower temperatures …
Characterizing The Impact And Response Of Deep Sea Benthic Foraminifera To The Deepwater Horizon Event In The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, Patrick Schwing, Isabel C. Romero, Gregg Brooks, David W. Hastings, Rebekka Larson, L. M. Reilly, David J. Hollander, Jeff P. Chanton
Characterizing The Impact And Response Of Deep Sea Benthic Foraminifera To The Deepwater Horizon Event In The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, Patrick Schwing, Isabel C. Romero, Gregg Brooks, David W. Hastings, Rebekka Larson, L. M. Reilly, David J. Hollander, Jeff P. Chanton
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Sediment cores were collected from the Gulf of Mexico to assess the benthic foraminifera (BF) community structure changes in response to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) event. Short-lived radioisotope geochronologies (210Pb and 234Th), organic geochemical toxicity assessments, and redox metal concentrations were determined to relate changes in sedimentation rate, toxicity levels, and redox conditions with BF abundance. Records from December 2010 document a community-wide decrease in abundance in the upper 10 mm relative to the down-core mean. There is also depletion in the δ13C and Δ14C records of BF calcite (relative to down-core values) that is synchronous with the timing of …
Rapid Changes In The Seasonal Sea Level Cycle Along The Us Gulf Coast From The Late 20th Century, Thomas Wahl, Francisco M. Calafat, Mark E. Luther
Rapid Changes In The Seasonal Sea Level Cycle Along The Us Gulf Coast From The Late 20th Century, Thomas Wahl, Francisco M. Calafat, Mark E. Luther
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Temporal variations of the seasonal sea level harmonics throughout the 20th and early 21st century along the United States Gulf coast are investigated. A significant amplification of the annual sea level cycle from the 1990s onward is found, with both lower winter and higher summer sea levels in the eastern Gulf. Ancillary data are used to build a set of multiple regression models to explore the mechanisms driving the decadal variability and recent increase in the annual cycle. The results suggest that changes in the air surface temperature toward warmer summers and colder winters and changes in mean sea level …
A Framework For A Marine Biodiversity Observing Network Within Changing Continental Shelf Seascapes, Frank Muller-Karger, Maria Kavanaugh, Enrique Montes, William Balch, Mya Breitbart
A Framework For A Marine Biodiversity Observing Network Within Changing Continental Shelf Seascapes, Frank Muller-Karger, Maria Kavanaugh, Enrique Montes, William Balch, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Continental shelves and the waters overlying them support numerous industries as diverse as tourism and recreation, energy extraction, fisheries, transportation, and applications of marine bio-molecules (e.g., agribusiness, food processing, pharmaceuticals). Although these shelf ecosystems exhibit impacts of climate change and increased human use of resources (Halpern et al., 2012; IPCC, 2013, 2014; Melillo et al., 2014), there are currently no standardized metrics for assessing changes in ecological function in the coastal ocean. Here, we argue that it is possible to monitor vital signs of ecosystem function by focusing on the lowest levels of the ocean food web. Establishment of biodiversity, …
Densovirus Associated With Sea-Star Wasting Disease And Mass Mortality, Ian Hewson, Jason Button, Brent Gudenkauf, Benjamin Miner, Alisa Newton, Mya Breitbart, Elizabeth Fahsbender, Kevin Lafferty
Densovirus Associated With Sea-Star Wasting Disease And Mass Mortality, Ian Hewson, Jason Button, Brent Gudenkauf, Benjamin Miner, Alisa Newton, Mya Breitbart, Elizabeth Fahsbender, Kevin Lafferty
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Sea stars inhabiting the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of wasting disease, leading to their degradation and disappearance from many coastal areas. In this paper, we present evidence that the cause of the disease is transmissible from disease-affected animals to apparently healthy individuals, that the disease-causing agent is a virus-sized microorganism, and that the best candidate viral taxon, the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), is in greater abundance in diseased than in healthy sea stars.
Amazon River Water In The Northeastern Caribbean Sea And Its Effect On Larval Reef Fish Assemblages During April 2009, E. M. Johns, B. A. Muhling, R. C. Perez, Frank E. Muller-Karger, N. Melo, R. H. Smith, J. T. Lamkin, T. L. Gerard, E. Malca
Amazon River Water In The Northeastern Caribbean Sea And Its Effect On Larval Reef Fish Assemblages During April 2009, E. M. Johns, B. A. Muhling, R. C. Perez, Frank E. Muller-Karger, N. Melo, R. H. Smith, J. T. Lamkin, T. L. Gerard, E. Malca
Marine Science Faculty Publications
During April to June 2009, a large bolus of Amazon River water impacted the northeastern Caribbean Sea. Shipboard observations collected near Saba Bank, the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, and the Anegada Passage showed low surface salinity (35.76 ± 0.05 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU)), elevated surface temperature (26.77 ± 0.14°C), high chlorophyll-a (1.26 ± 0.21 mg m-3) and high dissolved oxygen (4.90 ± 0.06 mL L-1) in a 20- to 30-m thick surface layer in the riverine plume. The water was ~1°C warmer, 1 PSU fresher, 0.3 mL L-1 higher in oxygen and 1.2 mg m-3 higher in chlorophyll-a than …
Cambios Espaciales Y Estacionales En La Hidrografía Y Bioquímica De La Región De La Fosa De Cariaco, Laura Lorenzoni, Ramon Varela, Digna Rueda, Frank Muller-Karger, Jaimie Rojas, Laurencia Guzmán, Yrene Astor, Enrique Montes
Cambios Espaciales Y Estacionales En La Hidrografía Y Bioquímica De La Región De La Fosa De Cariaco, Laura Lorenzoni, Ramon Varela, Digna Rueda, Frank Muller-Karger, Jaimie Rojas, Laurencia Guzmán, Yrene Astor, Enrique Montes
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Cariaco Basin is a semi-enclosed basin of tectonic origin composed of two ~1400 m deep sub-basins, aligned in an east-west direction. In the eastern sub-basin, the CARIACO Ocean Time-Series project has been taking biogeochemical and ecological measurements on a regular basis since 1995. However, relatively little is known about the western sub-basin. Two oceanographic cruises (FOSA FOSA 1 and 2) in September 2008 (stratified water column; rainy season) and March 2009 (upwelling; dry season), were conducted to analyze the spatial and seasonal variation in hydrography and geochemistry of both sub-basins. During September 2008, sea surface temperature (SST) was relatively …
Relative Contributions Of Ocean Mass And Deep Steric Changes To Sea Level Rise Between 1993 And 2013, Sarah G. Purkey, Gregory C. Johnson, Don P. Chambers
Relative Contributions Of Ocean Mass And Deep Steric Changes To Sea Level Rise Between 1993 And 2013, Sarah G. Purkey, Gregory C. Johnson, Don P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Regional and global trends of Sea Level Rise (SLR) owing to mass addition centered between 1996 and 2006 are assessed through a full-depth SLR budget using full-depth in situ ocean data and satellite altimetry. These rates are compared to regional and global trends in ocean mass addition estimated directly using data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) from 2003 to 2013. Despite the two independent methods covering different time periods with differing spatial and temporal resolution, they both capture the same large-scale mass addition trend patterns including higher rates of mass addition in the North Pacific, South Atlantic, …
On The Ability Of Global Sea Level Reconstructions To Determine Trends And Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
On The Ability Of Global Sea Level Reconstructions To Determine Trends And Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We investigate how well methods based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) can reconstruct global mean sea level (GMSL). We first explore the analytical solution of the method and then perform a series of numerical experiments using modeled data. In addition, we present a new GMSL reconstruction for the period 1900–2011 computed both with and without a spatially uniform EOF (EOF0). The method without the EOF0 uses global information, which leads to a better reconstruction of the variability, though with some underestimation. The trend, however, is not captured, which motivates the use of the EOF0. When the EOF0 is used the …
Anisotropic Turbulence And Rossby Waves In An Easterly Jet: An Experimental Study, Boris Galperin, Jesse Hoemann, Stefania Espa, Gabriella Di Nitto
Anisotropic Turbulence And Rossby Waves In An Easterly Jet: An Experimental Study, Boris Galperin, Jesse Hoemann, Stefania Espa, Gabriella Di Nitto
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A westward propagating jet is investigated experimentally. The focus is on complex interaction between anisotropic turbulence with inverse energy cascade and Rossby waves. The energy spectrum is highly anisotropic. To diagnose turbulence characteristics, we explore the analogy between turbulent overturns in stably stratified and quasi-geostrophic flows and develop a novel method based upon the monotonizing of potential vorticity (PV). The RMS displacement from the monotonic PV profile yields a length scale, LM, analogous to the Thorpe's scale used in flows with stable stratification. As the Thorpe scale is proportional to the Ozmidov scale, the scale LM is …