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2003

University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

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Articles 1 - 30 of 55

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Swine Waste Demonstration And Training Project, C. V. Maxwell, K. Vandevender, K. P. Coffey, P. A. Moore, I. Chaubey, D. R. Smith Dec 2003

Swine Waste Demonstration And Training Project, C. V. Maxwell, K. Vandevender, K. P. Coffey, P. A. Moore, I. Chaubey, D. R. Smith

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2003, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge Dec 2003

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2003, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2003, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg Dec 2003

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2003, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The faculty and staff of the Animal Science Program are pleased to present the sixth edition of the Arkansas Animal Science Report. As with virtually all programs in the country, budget constraints presented serious challenges to teaching, research, and extension programming. However, the faculty and staff responded with innovation, good management, and hard work to maintain a productive program designed to benefit the students of the University and the citizens of the state. We are committed to remaining faithful to our Land-Grant mission. A sincere thank you is owed to Dr. Zelpha Johnson and Dr. Wayne Kellogg for editing this …

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Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2002, Derrick M. Oosterhuis Oct 2003

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2002, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The average yield in Arkansas in 2002 was 871 lb lint/acre from 920,000 harvested acres (960,000 planted) for a total of 1.67 million bales at a value of$336.5 million. This yield was second only to the record 877 lb lint/acre achieved in 1994. Last year's crop yield, and the five-year average, on a per acre basis are exceeded in the U.S. Cotton Belt only by California and Arizona. Cotton yields in Arkansas increased steadily during the eighties, but in the last decade yields have leveled off. Furthermore, the last five years have had extreme year-to-year variability in yields, which is …

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Horticultural Studies 2002, Michael R. Evans, Douglas E. Karcher Sep 2003

Horticultural Studies 2002, Michael R. Evans, Douglas E. Karcher

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

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Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2003, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Michael Popp, Pat Manning, Tony E. Windham Sep 2003

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2003, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Michael Popp, Pat Manning, Tony E. Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The purpose of this research series is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2003. The research emphasizes the production, price, income, policy, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macro economy on agriculture. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum diesel are discussed.

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B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2002, R. J. Norman, J.-F. Meullenet Aug 2003

B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2002, R. J. Norman, J.-F. Meullenet

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading rice producing state in the U .S .. representing almost 46% of the total U .S. production and almost 47% of the total acres planted to rice . Rice cultural practices vary across the state and across the U.S. However, due to changing political, environmental, and economic times, the practices arc dynamic. This survey was initiated in 2002 to monitor how the changing times reflect the changes in the way Arkansas rice producers approach their livelihood. The survey was conducted by polling county Extension agents in each of the counties in Arkansas that produce rice. Questions …

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Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Tests 2002-2003, J. T. Kelly, C. E. Parsons, R. K. Bacon Jul 2003

Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Tests 2002-2003, J. T. Kelly, C. E. Parsons, R. K. Bacon

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Small-grain cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for smallgrain producers.

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Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2002, E. M. Bourland, J. T. Johnson, S. B. Jackson, M. W. Duren, J. M. Hornbeck, F. E. Groves, W. C. Robertson Mar 2003

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2002, E. M. Bourland, J. T. Johnson, S. B. Jackson, M. W. Duren, J. M. Hornbeck, F. E. Groves, W. C. Robertson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary aim of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed dealers establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. In this way, the annual test facilitates the inclusion of new, improved genetic material into Arkansas cotton production. Variety adaptation is determined by evaluation of the varieties and lines at four University of Arkansas research stations located near Keiser, Clarkedale, Marianna, and Rohwer. Tests are duplicated in irrigated and non-irrigated culture at …

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Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2002, Nathan A. Slaton Mar 2003

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2002, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts also be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies contained within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2003

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Propagation Of Thornless Arkansas Blackberries By Hardwood Cuttings, Mark Bray, Curt C. Rom, John R. Clark Jan 2003

Propagation Of Thornless Arkansas Blackberries By Hardwood Cuttings, Mark Bray, Curt C. Rom, John R. Clark

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Effects of auxin application and cutting location on canes on adventitious root development in hardwood cuttings of three Arkansas thornless blackberry cultivars were studied. Dormant canes were collected from one-year-old plants of ‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, and ‘Navaho’ and stored in a cold room until February. Two- or three-node cuttings were taken from the canes at apical, mid, and basal locations along the cane and were placed under intermittent mist in a perlite-filled greenhouse bed. Cuttings were either untreated or treated with auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), applied as a liquid quick dip at 0.3%. In general, cutting diameter was greatest for basal …

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Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 4 2003, Several Authors Jan 2003

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 4 2003, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Chitosanase May Enhance Anti-Fungal Defense Responses In Transgenic Tobacco, Bill L. Hendrix, James Mcd. Stewart Jan 2003

Chitosanase May Enhance Anti-Fungal Defense Responses In Transgenic Tobacco, Bill L. Hendrix, James Mcd. Stewart

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Chitosanase is an enzyme, similar to chitinase, capable of hydrolyzing the β-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in partially acetylated chitosan polymers found in fungal cell walls. When attacked by pathogenic fungi, many plants exploit this hydrolytic action as a component of a larger post-attack defense response, but these enzymes may also play a role in the initial plant-pathogen interaction via the generation of elicitors resulting from the hydrolysis of fungal cell walls. To gain insight into these mechanisms, a Paenbacillus chitosanase was cloned, sequenced, and modified for plant expression. The modified gene was delivered to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. …

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Effect Of Triticum Turgidum Cytoplasm On Test Weight Of Soft Red Winter Wheat, Juan Mayta, Robert Bacon, John Kelly, Edward Gbur Jan 2003

Effect Of Triticum Turgidum Cytoplasm On Test Weight Of Soft Red Winter Wheat, Juan Mayta, Robert Bacon, John Kelly, Edward Gbur

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The effect of Triticum turgidum cytoplasm on soft red winter wheat (T. aestivum) was studied relative to test weight (bushel weight) and agronomic traits such as heading date, resistance to leaf rust, and plant color. The cytoplasmic effects were studied in three genetic backgrounds by crossing the cultivars Jackson, Pioneer 2684, and Wakefield with a plant introduction PI590277 that carried T. turgidum cytoplasm. Twelve alloplasmic and euplasmic populations were developed through a backcrossing procedure. The study used a micro test weight procedure to compare F4 lines within the populations for test weight. The data for other agronomic traits were taken …

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Effects Of Virus Infection On Release Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Insect-Damaged Bean, Phaseolus Vulgaris, Sarah E. Sossamon, Britney K. Jackson, B. Alison Drumwright, Kenneth L. Korth, Gisela F. Erf Jan 2003

Effects Of Virus Infection On Release Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Insect-Damaged Bean, Phaseolus Vulgaris, Sarah E. Sossamon, Britney K. Jackson, B. Alison Drumwright, Kenneth L. Korth, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Insects can serve as important vectors of plant pathogens, especially viruses. Insect feeding on plants causes the systemic release of a wide range of plant volatile compounds that can serve as an indirect plant defense by attracting natural enemies of the herbivorous insect. Previous work suggests that the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) prefers to feed on plants infected by either of two viruses that it is known to transmit: Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) or Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). A possible explanation for the preferred feeding on virus-infected tissues is that the beetles are attracted by volatile signals …

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Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors Jan 2003

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Dragonflies (Odonata) Of The Ouachita National Forest, George L. Harp, Phoebe A. Harp Jan 2003

Dragonflies (Odonata) Of The Ouachita National Forest, George L. Harp, Phoebe A. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Ouachita National Forest (ONF) was established in 1907 and encompasses 1.8 million acres (728,450 ha) in Arkansas and Oklahoma, almost entirely within the Ouachita Mountains Natural Division. The adult dragonfly species richness, seasonal and spatial distribution, and relative abundance were surveyed during 2002. Fifty-four collections were made at 43 sites during 10-19 May (20 collections), 10-22 July (19 collections) and 9-17 September (15 collections). Literature records were searched, as well as records from pertinent museums and individuals. Eighty-three species are reported here for the ONF, 77 of which were collected during 2002. Nehallenia integricollis newly reported for Arkansas, as …

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Genetic Relationships Of Some Common Arkansas Freshwater Sunfishes (Centrarchidae: Lepomis) Inferred From Restriction Endonuclease Analysis Of Mitochondrial Dna, Ronald L. Johnson, K. Ashlei Williams Jan 2003

Genetic Relationships Of Some Common Arkansas Freshwater Sunfishes (Centrarchidae: Lepomis) Inferred From Restriction Endonuclease Analysis Of Mitochondrial Dna, Ronald L. Johnson, K. Ashlei Williams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Geographic isolation and habitat specialization has aided in the evolution and maintenance of genetic integrity of the lepomid sunfishes (Lepomis: Centrarchidae) of North America. Our goal was to measure genetic distances between four of the eleven extant sunfish species by using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were examined in bluegill (L. macrochirus), redear sunfish (L. microlophus), longear sunfish (L. megalotis), and green sunfish (L. cyanellus) using 15 restriction endonucleases. The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was used as an outgroup. The phylogeny inferred from Dollo parsimony cladistic analysis largely concurred with published results from allozyme analyses …

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Millipeds (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) Of The Ark-La-Tex. Iii. Additional Records From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Rowland M. Shelley, James T. Mcallister Iii Jan 2003

Millipeds (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) Of The Ark-La-Tex. Iii. Additional Records From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Rowland M. Shelley, James T. Mcallister Iii

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

As part of an on-going effort by the second author (RMS) to elucidate the North American diplopod fauna, we collected millipeds in 14 Arkansas counties between April 2002 and October 2003. Additional information for these species is recorded from the holdings at the University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum along with unpublished records from other institutions in the second author's files. The following species were identified: Abacion tesselatum, A. texense, Aliulus caddoensis, Apheloria virginiensis ?reducta, Auturus evides, A. louisianus louisianus, Brachycybe lecontei, Brachyiulus lusitanus, B.pusillus, Cambala minor, Desmonus pudicus, Eurymerodesmus birdibirdi, E. polkensis, E. pulaski, E. serratus, Narceus americanus, Oriulus venustus, …

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Rec12 (Spo11) Recominase Of Fission Yeast Promotes A Backup, Distributive Pathway For Chromosome Segregation In Meiosis I, Wallace D. Sharif, Mari K. Davidson, Wayne P. Wahls Jan 2003

Rec12 (Spo11) Recominase Of Fission Yeast Promotes A Backup, Distributive Pathway For Chromosome Segregation In Meiosis I, Wallace D. Sharif, Mari K. Davidson, Wayne P. Wahls

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We studied the relationship between recombination and segregation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In meiosis, chromosomes undergo two rounds of segregation to produce haploid meiotic products. Crossover meiotic ecombination (chiasmata) promotes chromosome segregation during meiosis I; achiasmatic chromosomes often suffer on disjunction in meiosis I. Recl2 protein is a topoisomerase IIortholog that introduces double-strand DNA breaks that nitiate recombination. The red2 null (deletion) and active site (Y98F) mutants lack recombination and crossovers, and onsequently suffer meiosis I nondisjunction. However, null mutants chromosomes segregate to opposite poles more frequently than predicted. Thus, fission yeast has a backup, "distributive segregation" pathway …

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Reciprocal Translocation Reestablishes Breeding Status Of Mississippi Alluvial Plain Population Of Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers In Arkansas, William C. Holimon, Warren G. Montague Jan 2003

Reciprocal Translocation Reestablishes Breeding Status Of Mississippi Alluvial Plain Population Of Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers In Arkansas, William C. Holimon, Warren G. Montague

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Genetic Similarity Of Shadow And Arkansas Basses (Ambloplites) Determined By Mitochondrial Dna Analysis, Ronald L. Johnson, Carrie F. Cavenaugh Jan 2003

Genetic Similarity Of Shadow And Arkansas Basses (Ambloplites) Determined By Mitochondrial Dna Analysis, Ronald L. Johnson, Carrie F. Cavenaugh

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Focus Group Survey Results: Typical Arkansas Crop Producer Production And Marketing Practices, Jason Hill, Michael Popp, Patrick Manning Jan 2003

Focus Group Survey Results: Typical Arkansas Crop Producer Production And Marketing Practices, Jason Hill, Michael Popp, Patrick Manning

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

This report contains information from a 2001 focus group survey of production practices and marketing decisions of ‘typical’ representative Arkansas farms from selected counties in eastern Arkansas. While the National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) publishes similar information through the Arkansas Agricultural Statistics Service, reporting of these statistics is often not differentiated across crops or specific farm type. Therefore, one of the major objectives of this survey was to ascertain production practices for specific crops and farm types typical of row crop farms in eastern Arkansas. Responses were categorized into production regions dominated by either rice or cotton production. The results …

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Chitosanase May Enhance Anti-Fungal Defense Responses In Transgenic Tobacco, Bill L. Hendrix Jan 2003

Chitosanase May Enhance Anti-Fungal Defense Responses In Transgenic Tobacco, Bill L. Hendrix

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Fungicides are expensive, dangerous, and can be harmful to the environment, but they are often necessary for profitable farming operations. New technologies may soon allow farmers to replace these chemicals with genetically engineered plants producing antifungal enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls. To explore this option, a Paenbacillus chitosanase gene was cloned, sequenced, and modified for plant expression. The modified gene was delivered to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L cv. Xanthine) leaf disks via Agrobacterium tumenfaciens-mediated transformation. The putative GMOs were tested for transgene integration, transcription, and translation. Confirmed transformants were then screened for enhanced responses to a Rhizoctonia solani cell …

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Dna Sequence Of Melanocortin 1-Receptor Gene In Coturnix Japonica: Correlation With Three E Locus Alleles, E, E+, Erh, Rupali B. Ugrankar Jan 2003

Dna Sequence Of Melanocortin 1-Receptor Gene In Coturnix Japonica: Correlation With Three E Locus Alleles, E, E+, Erh, Rupali B. Ugrankar

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

The melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1-R) gene plays a key role in the expression of fur and feather color in mammals and birds by regulating the distribution of two melanin pigments: eumelanin (black/brown) and pheomelanin (red/yellow). MC1-R corresponds to the classical Extension (E) locus in mice, pigs, dogs, horses, and chickens. Three E locus alleles, the wild-type (e + ), brown (E), and redhead (e rh) have been identified in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). To determine if the quail E locus phenotypes were due to variation in the MC1-R gene, the coding region of the MC1-R gene was PCR amplified and DNA …

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Transcriptional Control Of The Opp Operon In Clostridium Difficile, S. Lindsey Davis Jan 2003

Transcriptional Control Of The Opp Operon In Clostridium Difficile, S. Lindsey Davis

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

As a serious expense for both the hospital and the patient, nosocomial infections create a burden on the health care industry that is not easily overcome. Among the infections commonly contracted in the hospital environment, those associated with the Clostridium difficile bacterium account for millions of cases each year. Largely due to the nature of C. difficile infection as a response to the disruption of the normal flora of the colon caused by antibiotic activity, no completely effective treatment for this condition has been identified. It is this problem that forms the foundation for research devoted to the development of …

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The Role Of Natural Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Plant Defense Against Chewing Insects, Sarah J. Doege Jan 2003

The Role Of Natural Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Plant Defense Against Chewing Insects, Sarah J. Doege

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Calcium oxalate is the most abundant insoluble mineral found in plants and it is common among many plant families. Calcium oxalate crystals in plants can appear as irregular rectangles, spiked balls, or needles. The formidable appearance of these crystals has lead to speculation that they might serve as a form of pest control by deterring chewing insects. We utilized mutant plant lines to assess the effects of plant calcium oxalate crystals on the survival and feeding habits of chewing insects. We have taken advantage of calcium oxalate-deficient (cod) mutants of the barrel medic, Medicago truncatula Calcium oxalate crystals accumulate in …

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Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann Jan 2003

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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The Characteristics Of Consumers And Producers Using Farmers’ Markets, Walter Hugo Anez, Michael R. Thomsen Jan 2003

The Characteristics Of Consumers And Producers Using Farmers’ Markets, Walter Hugo Anez, Michael R. Thomsen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

This study examines the perceptions of both consumers and producers towards farmers’ markets. Consumer perceptions are generalized from several previous studies conducted throughout the United States. Producer information was gathered through a survey of members of one farmers’ market in Arkansas. Previous studies, conducted in both rural and urban areas, indicate that the typical famers’ market customer is well educated and is of higher than average income. These consumers place great importance on quality of produce, knowledge that produce is grown locally, and the social interaction obtained through the farmers’ market experience. For producers, the farmers’ market is an important …

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