Life Sciences Commons^™

Fish Kills And Bottom-Water Hypoxia In The Neuse River And Estuary: Reply To Burkholder Et Al., Hans W. Paerl, James L. Pinckney, John M. Fear, Benjamin L. Peierls

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Micromagnetics Simulation Of Nanoshaped Iron Elements: Comparison With Experiment, Ngocnga Dao, S. R. Homer, Scott L. Whittenburg

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A micromagnetics simulation has been conducted on nanostructured magnetic elements of iron in order to investigate the effect of the shape of the element on magnetic properties, such as domain formation and hysteresis loops. These results are compared with recent experimental studies. The results display an impressive agreement with both the experimentally observed magnetic domains in individual particles as well as the shape of the hysteresis loops. The simulation results then explain features in the hysteresis loops in terms of vortice formation and motion.

Beryllium Biochemistry In A Forested Ecosystem, Stephen A. Norton, Charles Thomas Hess, Ivan J. Fernandez

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

High rates of atmospheric deposition of beryllium are toxic biologically and are exacerbated by synergistic interaction with aluminum. The Czech Republic is experiencing growing problems, and similar consequences may well soon be experienced in Maine. An expert international research team would pursue parallel pilot studies into the biogeochemical controls on Be fate and transport by examining beryllium biogeochemistry in forested ecosystems. This project funds the work in Maine and travel for international collaboration; the Czechs are supporting the work in their country. The plan for the pilot study is to develop chemical time series for beryllium fluxes into, through, and …

Measurement Of Oxygen Partial Pressure, Its Control During Hypoxia And Hyperoxia, And Its Effect Upon Light Emission In A Bioluminescent Elaterid Larva, G. S. Timmins, C. A. A. Penatti, E. J. H. Bechara, H. M. Swartz

Dartmouth Scholarship

This study investigates the respiratory physiology of bioluminescent larvae of Pyrearinus termitilluminans in relation to their tolerance to hypoxia and hyperoxia and to the supply of oxygen for bioluminescence. The partial pressure of oxygen (P(O2)) was measured within the bioluminescent prothorax by in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry following acclimation of larvae to hypoxic, normoxic and hyperoxic (normobaric) atmospheres and during periods of bioluminescence (during normoxia). The P(O2) in the prothorax during exposure to an external P(O2) of 15.2, 160 and 760 mmHg was 10.3+/-2.6, 134+/-0.9 and 725+/-73 mmHg respectively (mean +/- s.d., N=5; 1 mmHg=0.1333 kPa). Oxygen supply …

1999 Nebraska Livestock Legislation, J. David Aiken

Cornhusker Economics

Several bills dealing with livestock issues were enacted in 1999, including LB882 (temporary zoning), LB870 (livestock waste permits) and LB835 (livestock contracts).

Emerging Marine Diseases: Climate Links And Anthropogenic Factors, C. D. Harvell, K. Kim, J. M. Burkholder, R. R. Colwell, P. R. Epstein, D. J. Grimes, E. E. Hoffmann, E. K. Lipp, A. D.M.E. Osterhaus, Robin M. Overstreet, J. W. Porter, G. W. Smith, G. R. Vasta

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Mass mortalities due to disease outbreaks have recently affected major taxa in the oceans. For closely monitored groups like corals and marine mammals, reports of the frequency of epidemics and the number of new diseases have increased recently. A dramatic global increase in the severity of coral bleaching in 1997-98 is coincident with high El Niño temperatures. Such climate-mediated, physiological stresses may compromise host resistance and increase frequency of opportunistic diseases. Where documented, new diseases typically have emerged through host or range shifts of known pathogens. Both climate and human activities may have also accelerated global transport of species, bringing …

Distribution, Ecology, And Population Dynamics Of The American Burying Beetle [Nicrophorus Americanus Olivier (Coleoptera, Silphidae)] In South-Central Nebraska, Usa, Jon C. Bedick, Brett C. Ratcliffe, W. Wyatt Hoback, Leon G. Higley

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The endangered American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus Olivier, was previously widespread throughout eastern North America. In the past century numbers of this beetle have drastically declined and currently remnant populations are known from only six states despite intensive surveying efforts conducted for the last nine years. Efforts aimed at discovering and managing remnant populations have been generally limited by a lack of knowledge concerning N. americanus biology. We used baited pitfall traps to define the range of the Gothenburg, Nebraska, population of N. americanus. Using mark-recapture techniques, we estimate that the annual Gothenburg population consists of more than one …

Fish & Wildlife News: September/October 1999

Fish and Wildlife News

Contents:
Babbitt Lauds Voluntary Conservation 2
Another Bird Wings Off “The List” 3
New Division Focuses on Reaching Out 3
Group Studies Towering Concerns 4
Fight Back Against Hackers 5
Gore Salutes a Restored River 9
Feathered Friends Harbinger Hardy Hurricanes 9
A Family Reunion at a Remote Refuge 18
Coming to Your TV: Conservation History 19
Kids Catch Fish and Fun 21
Fire and Grit at NCTC 22
Fish & Wildlife…In Brief 31

Mechanical Conditioning Of Tomato Seedlings Improves Transplant Quality Without Deleterious Effects On Field Performance, Lauren C. Garner, Thomas Björkman

Horticulture and Crop Science

Excessive stem elongation reduces plant survival in the field and hinders mechanical transplanting. Mechanical conditioning is an effective method for reducing stem elongation during transplant production. This investigation examined the consequences of mechanical conditioning, using brushing and impedance, on subsequent field performance of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Mechanically conditioned transplants of processing tomatoes resumed growth after transplant shock as quickly as did untreated plants, and subsequent canopy development was also equal. In 4 years of field trials, yield was not reduced by mechanical conditioning. Transplants for fresh-market tomatoes may be more sensitive to injury than those for processing tomatoes because …

Food Intake Patterns And Gallbladder Disease In Mexican Americans, Marilyn Tseng, Robert F. Devellis, Kurt R. Maurer, Meena Khare, Lenore Kohlmeier, James E. Everhart, Robert S. Sandler

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: Results of previous studies on diet and gallbladder disease (GBD), defined as having gallstones or having had surgery for gallstones, have been inconsistent. This research examined patterns of food intake in Mexican Americans and their associations with GBD. Design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: The study population included 4641 Mexican Americans aged 20±74 years who participated in the 1988±94 third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). GBD was diagnosed by ultrasound. Food intake patterns were identifed by principal components analysis based on food frequency questionnaire responses. Component scores representing the level of intake of each pattern were categorized into quartiles, …

Makaira Sp., Cf. M. Nigricans Lacépède, 1802 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae) From The Late Miocene, Panama, And Its Probable Use Of The Panama Seaway, Harry L. Fierstine

Biological Sciences

A nearly complete rostrum (USNM 358534) similar in morphology to the extant bluc marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacepede 1802, is identified from the GaUln Formation (late Miocene, Panama). Identification is based on comparison with a large series of Recent istiophorid species and with fossil species of the genus Makaira. The Gatlin specimen and additional examples from other fossil vertebrates provide evidence that the ancient Panama Seaway probably was a travel route between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific for large marine vertebrates during the middle Miocene to earliest Pliocene. This is the first record of an istiophorid billfish from the Gatlin Fonnation and …

Variation And Repeatability Of Calling Behavior In Crickets Subject To A Phonotactic Parasitoid Fly, Gita R. Kolluru

Biological Sciences

Male Teleogryllus oceanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) produce a conspicuous calling song to attract females. In some populations, the song also attracts the phonotactic parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea (Diptera: Tachinidae). I examined the factors affecting calling song by characterizing the calling behavior of caged crickets from an area where the fly occurs. Calling activity (proportion of time spent calling) was repeatable and a significant predictor of female attraction. However, calling activity in the parasitized population was lower than in an unparasitized Moorea population (Orsak, 1988), suggesting a compromise between high activity to attract females and low activity to avoid flies. Calling activity …

Legume Logic Number 109

Legume Logic

Contents

Herbicide resistant crops: What's the story?

Aphids - The spary debate

Swathing lupins

Ascochyta prevention

Budworm control

Pulse points 1998/99

Lupin pool payments

History Of Grassland Birds In Eastern North America, Robert A. Askins

Biology Faculty Publications

Until recently the severe decline in the populations of many species of grassland birds in eastern North America has aroused relatively little concern or conservation action. This response appears to be rooted in the perception that grassland birds invaded the East Coast from western grasslands after European settlers cleared the forest. Detailed historical accounts and analysis of pollen deposits, however, show that open grasslands existed on the East Coast of North America at the time of European settlement. Extensive grasslands resulted from burning and agricultural clearing by Native Americans. Natural disturbances, such as wildfire and beaver (Castor canadensis) activity, produced …

Modeling Surface And Subsurface Pesticide Transport Under Three Field Conditions Using Przm-3 And Gleams, Robert W. Malone, Richard C. Warner, Stephen R. Workman, Matt E. Byers

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Contaminant transport models should be evaluated over a wide range of conditions to determine their limitations. The models PRZM and GLEAMS have been evaluated many times, but few studies are available in which predicted movement in runoff and percolate were simultaneously evaluated against field data. Studies of this type are essential because pesticide leaching and runoff are mutually dependent processes. For this reason, PRZM-3 and GLEAMS were evaluated for their ability to predict metribuzin concentrations in runoff, sediment, subsurface soil, and pan lysimeters under three field conditions (yard waste compost amended, no-till, and conventional-till) on a Lowell silt loam soil. …

Sp307-O-Home Apple Cider Production, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

Cider making is an art that is as old as apple production itself. When properly made, fresh apple cider is a safe, natural, delicious product that conjures up images of autumn and the country.

Apple cider is simply the liquid that is released when apples are crushed. It has nothing added and nothing taken away from it. Apple cider will be cloudy due to the presence of suspended apple solids. Since apple cider contains no preservatives, it has a limited shelf life, and special attention must be paid to proper storage. The terms apple cider and apple juice are often …

Sfa Gardens Newsletter, Sep 1999, Sfa Gardens, Stephen F. Austin State University

SFA Gardens Newsletters

No abstract provided.

The Ultraviolet Birds Of Nebraska, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

Our human eyesight does not allow us to perceive the world as most birds do, and that they at times might be responding to visual clues literally beyond our ken. For example, are the ultraviolet "tear-drops" on the cheeks of a Mourning Dove an important visual "target" for close-up courtship, or are they perhaps important for stimulating preening by its mate? It would be interesting to modify or eliminate these small marks, and see what behavioral effects might result. Two individual male birds that, to human eyes, might appear identical, may be of quite differing attraction to females, depending upon …

2000 Winter Wheat Budgets For South Dakota, Department Of Economics

Economics Pamphlet Series

No abstract provided.

Phenotypic Expressions Of Ccr5-Δ32/Δ32 Homozygosity, Giang T. Nguyen, Mary Carrington, Judith A. Beeler, Michael Dean, Louis M. Aledort, Philip M. Blatt, Alan R. Cohen, Donna Dimichele, M. Elaine Eyster, Craig M. Kessler, Barbara Konkle, Cindy Leissinger, Naomi Luban, Stephen J. O'Brien, James J. Goedert, Thomas R. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

Objective: As blockade of CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has been proposed as therapy for HIV-1, we examined whether the CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 homozygous genotype has phenotypic expressions other than those related to HIV-1.

Design: Study subjects were white homosexual men or men with hemophilia who were not infected with HIV-1. In this study, 15 CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 homozygotes were compared with 201 CCR5 wild-type (+/+) subjects for a wide range of clinical conditions and laboratory assay results ascertained during prospective cohort studies and routine clinical care. CCR5-Δ32 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction, followed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis.

Results: …

Different Mechanisms Of C-Jun Nh2-Terminal Kinase-1 (Jnk1) Activation By Ultraviolet-B Radiation And By Oxidative Stressors, Mihail S. Iordanov, Bruce E. Magun

CUP Faculty Research

Irradiation of mammalian cells with ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) triggers the activation of a group of stress-activated protein kinases known as c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinases (JNKs). UV-B activates JNKs via UV-B-induced ribotoxic stress. Because oxidative stress also activates JNKs, we have addressed the question of whether the ribotoxic and the oxidative stress responses are mechanistically similar. The pro-oxidants sodium arsenite, cadmium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide activated JNK1 with slow kinetics, whereas UV-B potentiated the activity of JNK1 rapidly.N-acetyl cysteine (a scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediates) abolished the ability of all oxidative stressors tested to activate JNK1, but failed …

Gender Variation In Croton Californicus (Euphorbiaceae), James Lynwood Smith Ii

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Croton californicus Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is a subshrub suspected of being dimorphic with phase choices. Gender variation in C. californicus was studied in natural populations of southern California for three years (1994-96) to observe patterns of gender !ability. Some sites exhibited significantly male-biased sex ratios, and these sites often had the greatest number of monoecious morphs, cosexual plants with unisexual flowers. Gender variation was quantified for cosexual plants by calculating the Estimated Floral Gender (EFG) which varied from 1.00 (female) to 0.00 (male). The distribution of the EFG was highly skewed towards maleness. Monoecious individuals were then categorized by …

Biological Control Of Bipolaris Sorokiniana On Tall Fescue By Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strain C3, Z. Zhang, G. Y. Yuen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain C3 was evaluated for control of leaf spot on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. In growth chamber experiments, C3 inhibited conidial germination on leaf surfaces and reduced lesion frequency and percent diseased leaf area compared with nontreated controls. The amount of leaf spot suppression was related to the C3 dose applied. The highest dose tested, 10⁹ CFU/ml, prevented nearly all B. sorokiniana conidia from germinating on treated leaf surfaces and provided nearly complete suppression of lesion development. When colloidal chitin was added to C3 cell suspensions of 10⁷ or …

Moolapheonoides Utmas, New Species, From Coral Reefs In The Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea (Amphipoda, Cyproideidae), James Darwin Thomas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Moolapheonoides utmas, new species, is described from coral reefs at Madang, Papua New Guinea. M. utmas differs from other species in the genus by the large tooth-cusp projecting posteroventrally on article 2 of pereopod 7 and the lower dorsal crest of the urosome. It shares an unusual dorsolateral bulbous projection of pereonite segments 3 and 4 with other cyproideid species Hoplopohoenoides obessa Shoemaker from Florida, and Naraphoenoides mullaya Barnard from Australia. Identification keys for the genus Moolaphoenoides are presented and relationships to other genera in the family are discussed.

Regulation Of Connexin43 By Phosphorylation, Maithili M. Shah

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Gap junctions play a crucial role in embryogenesis, especially of the heart where connexin43 is thought to be important for its formation as well as synchronized contraction. Several reports have shown that connexin43 protein is phosphorylated on serine residues in vitro and in vivo.

Studies performed in our laboratory have demonstrated that cell-to-cell communication in cells expressing connexin43 can be controlled rapidly and reversibly by microinjection of active protein kinases or phosphatases that target serine or threonine residues. Phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) seems to favor channel opening, whereas the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on channel gating …

Neuronal And Metabolic Increases In Pedunculopontine Nucleus Of Parkinson's Rats, Jonathan Dennis Carlson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The theoretical mechanisms underlying the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are based on dysfunctional output from the basal ganglia projected to the cortex via the thalamus. However, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and substantia nigra pars reticularis (SNr) as part of the basal ganglia, also project to the brainstem, in particular to the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Both the STN and SNr have altered neuronal activity in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) Parkinson’s model rat. Thus, it is hypothesized that the PPN is altered in this model of Parkinson’s disease.

This hypothesis was examined by comparing the rates of glucose metabolism and spontaneous neuronal activity …

Perkinsus Marinus Extracellular Protease Modulates Survival Of Vibrio Vulnificus In Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Hemocytes, Bd Tall, Jf La Peyre, Et Al, M Faisal

VIMS Articles

The in vitro effects of the Perkinsus marinus serine protease on the intracellular survival of Vibrio vulnificus in oyster hemocytes were examined by using a time-course gentamicin internalization assay. Results showed that protease-treated hemocytes were initially slower to internalize V. vulnificus than untreated hemocytes. After 1 h, the elimination of V. vulnificus by treated hemocytes was significantly suppressed compared with hemocytes infected with invasive and noninvasive controls. Our data suggest that the serine protease produced by P. marinas suppresses the vibriocidal activity of oyster hemocytes to effectively eliminate V. vulnificus, potentially leading to conditions favoring higher numbers of vibrios in …

Table Of Contents Volume 10, Number Four, Fall 1999, Risk Editorial Board

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)

Health Transfers: An Application Of Health-Health Analysis To Assess Food Safety Regulations, Fred Kuchler, Jackqueline L. Teague, Richard A. Williams, Don W. Anderson

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors apply a Health-Health Analysis to risks associated with harvesting Gulf oysters to evaluate that approach to managing health and safety risks.

Pesticide Residue Regulation: Analysis Of Food Quality Protection Act Implementation, Linda-Jo Schierow

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Schierow discusses the effects of a recent statute on food safety.