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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2007

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Articles 61 - 84 of 84

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Value Of Animal Traceability Systems In Managing A Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreak In Southwest Kansas (2007), D.L. Pendell, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 2007

Value Of Animal Traceability Systems In Managing A Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreak In Southwest Kansas (2007), D.L. Pendell, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Concerns regarding management of animal disease and related perceptions about food safety have escalated substantially in recent years. Terrorist attacks of September 2001, discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in a dairy cow in December 2003 in Washington, subsequent discoveries of BSEinfected animals in Texas in 2005 and Alabama in 2006, and recent worldwide outbreaks of highly contagious animal diseases (i.e., foot-and-mouth disease [FMD] and Avian influenza) have made apparent the need for animal traceability in U.S. livestock production and marketing. In addition, animal identification systems are rapidly developing throughout the world, effectively increasing international trading standards. One way to …

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Effects Of Srp Vaccine In Reducing E. Coli O157:H7 In Cattle, A. B. Thornton, D. U. Thomson, J. T. Fox, G. H. Loneragan, D. Burkhardt, T. G. Nagaraja Jan 2007

Effects Of Srp Vaccine In Reducing E. Coli O157:H7 In Cattle, A. B. Thornton, D. U. Thomson, J. T. Fox, G. H. Loneragan, D. Burkhardt, T. G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cattle are the main reservoir ofEscherichia coliO157:H7, which is a foodborne pathogen that causes bloody diarrhea in adults and kidney damage in children .E. coliO157 is shed in the feces of cattle, which can be a contamination source of water, ground beef, fresh vegetables, and unpasterized milk and fruit juices. In 2003, shiga-toxin producingE. coliO157:H7 caused 73,000 illnesses, which resulted in over 2,000 hospitalizations and 60 deaths in the United States. The estimated annual cost of this illness was $405 million, which included $370 million for premature deaths, $30 million for medical care, and …

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Timed Artificial Insemination Conception Rates In Response To A Progesterone Insert In Lactating Dairy Cows (2007), C.A Martel, B.S. Buttery, M.G. Burns, W.E. Brown Jan 2007

Timed Artificial Insemination Conception Rates In Response To A Progesterone Insert In Lactating Dairy Cows (2007), C.A Martel, B.S. Buttery, M.G. Burns, W.E. Brown

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of exogenous progesterone in the form of an intravaginal insert (controlled internal drug release, CIDR) in conjunction with an ovulation synchronization protocol in lactating dairy cows. Cows received a Presynch protocol (two injections of prostaglandin F2α[PGF2α] 14 days apart) beginning 30 and 36 days in milk, respectively, in two herds. Cows were inseminated after the second Presynch injection when estrus was detected. Remaining cows were treated with the Ovsynch protocol, and alternate cows were assigned randomly to receive a progesterone insert(CIDR). Blood was collected, and body condition scores (BCS) were assigned to treated …

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Impact Of Slope And Pipe Diameter On Flush Plume Design (2007), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2007

Impact Of Slope And Pipe Diameter On Flush Plume Design (2007), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Manning's equation provides a method to evaluate the flow characteristics of a flush plume system used to move a diluted, sandladen manure stream from a freestall building to sand or solid separation equipment. Evaluation of a 16, 18, and 24-inch plume showed pipe slope is critical in maintaining a 5 feet per second water velocity through the pipe. A 24 inch or larger plume placed on a 0.5% slope is able to obtain water velocity of 5 feet per second if the pump capacity exceeds 3,600 gpm. The flow velocity never reached or exceeded 5 feet per second in a …

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K-State Turfgrass Research 2007, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2007

K-State Turfgrass Research 2007, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Turfgrass Research 2007 contains results of projects done by K-State faculty and graduate students. Some of these results will be presented at the Kansas Turfgrass Field Day, August 2, 2007, at the Olathe Extension and Research Center. The enclosed articles present summaries of research projects that were completed recently or will be completed in the next year or two. Specifically, this year's report presents summaries of research on environmental stresses, turfgrass establishment and culture, and cultivar evaluations.

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Veterinarians Are Most Popular Source Of Information Utilized By Cow-Calf Producers (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner Jan 2007

Veterinarians Are Most Popular Source Of Information Utilized By Cow-Calf Producers (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sources and channels of information used among agriculturalists have long been important issues in Cooperative Extension. A source is an entity that originates a message. By understanding from whom producers receive messages, there exists a better framework to deliver information. Moreover, when considering the demographics of today's producers, as well as the sources of information utilized, the industry can work toward better educating and understanding the concerns of these individuals.

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Computer And Internet Usage Of Cow-Calf Producers Is Growing (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner Jan 2007

Computer And Internet Usage Of Cow-Calf Producers Is Growing (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

While the world continues to evolve toward enhanced computer and Internet usage, the agricultural arena has been slower to follow. The objective of this survey was to examine the computer utilization practices of cow-calf producers through a nationwide mail survey. By understanding the demographics of today's producers, as well as if and how they are using their personal computers and the Internet, the industry can work toward educating producers about the benefits of this technology.

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Optaflexx1 Affects Rumen Fermentation (2007), Charles E. Walker, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 2007

Optaflexx1 Affects Rumen Fermentation (2007), Charles E. Walker, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of ractopamine-HCl, sold under the trade name Optaflexx, on rumen fermentation. In experiment 1, fermentative gas production was measured in vitro to determine the impact of increasing amounts of ractopamine- HCl added to rumen fluid. Ractopamine-HCl increased gas production when added to rumen fluid up to 10 times the assumed physiological dosage of 200 mg per head/day, but depressed gas production at 100 times the physiological dose. Experiment 2 and 3 evaluated the effects of ractopamine-HCl on production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by ruminal microbes. In vitro experiments revealed no effect of …

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The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, E.R. Loe, M.E. Corrigan, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch Jan 2007

The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, E.R. Loe, M.E. Corrigan, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Whether occurring naturally or synthetically, beta-agonists are classified as phenethanolamines based on their chemical structure. Other specificities of structure determine the exact behavior of the compound in animals. Beta-agonists bind to specific receptors on the cell membranes of skeletal muscle, adipose,and other tissues. Upon binding, these agents alter metabolic pathways, ultimately causing a repartitioning of nutrients to increase muscle and decrease fat accretion. In cattle, betaagonists such as cimaterol and clenbuterol improve feed efficiency, average daily gain, and longissimus muscle area. The proposed effects of ractopamine HCl are similar to those of other beta-agonists. The purpose of this study was …

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The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality Of Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, M.L. May, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Brandon E. Depenbusch Jan 2007

The Effects Of Ractopamine-Hcl (Optaflexx) On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality Of Finishing Feedlot Heifers (2007), M.J. Quinn, M.L. May, James S. Drouillard, Christopher D. Reinhardt, Brandon E. Depenbusch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beta-adrenergic agonists are commonly used in livestock production to accelerate growth by enhancing lean tissue gain. These compounds repartition nutrients away from fat deposition and toward protein accretion. Generally, increased growth is associated with ractopamine feeding, which improves feed conversion and increases body weight gain. However, little data exists on the effects of ractopamine-HCl on live performance or carcass characteristics of beef heifers. Data released from Elanco Animal Health indicate that differences between gender may exist in response to ractopamine, and therefore appropriate strategies for the administration of this compound must be defined for heifers independent of those for steers. …

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Vaccine Impacts E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, A.B. Thornton, M.E. Jacob, Daniel U. Thomson, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 2007

Vaccine Impacts E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, A.B. Thornton, M.E. Jacob, Daniel U. Thomson, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Many human foodborne illnesses are caused by pathogens commonly harbored by food animals. Escherichia coli O157 is one of these pathogens commonly isolated from beef cattle feces and can enter the food chain at harvest. In addition to the human health concerns, this pathogen has important economic implications. Costly recalls of beef products and loss of consumer confidence associated with outbreaks of foodborne illness can affect profitability on many levels of production. In the past 10 years, E. coli O157 has cost the beef industry an estimated $2.67 billion. A portion of this expense is allocated to government and industry …

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Attitudes Of Cow-Calf Producers Toward Nais Are Guarded (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner Jan 2007

Attitudes Of Cow-Calf Producers Toward Nais Are Guarded (2007), S.J. Breiner, S.A. Grau, B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, Kris Boone, Dale A. Blasi, Ted C. Schroeder, Ryan M. Breiner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The introduction of a National Animal Identification System (NAIS) into the United States has generated much confusion and controversy. The goal of the NAIS is to utilize 48-hour traceback in the event of an animal disease outbreak, identify all animals that have had contact with the diseased animal, and link animals to their premises of origin. The NAIS has led to new technology and guidelines with the potential to change the production and marketing landscape of the beef industry. Moreover, these advances have led to public policy issues that have changed the rhetoric of the industry. The objective of this …

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Grain Processing Reduces E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, M.E. Jacob, S.L. Reinstein, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 2007

Grain Processing Reduces E. Coli O157 In Feedlot Cattle (2007), J.T. Fox, M.E. Jacob, S.L. Reinstein, James S. Drouillard, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Escherichia coli O157 is an important food-borne pathogen for which the gastrointestinal tract of cattle is the major reservoir. Fecal shedding of E. coli O157 in cattle reflects the ability of the organism to persist in or colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence suggests that the site of persistence or colonization is in the hindgut and not the rumen. Although the reasons are not known, it is likely that the ecosystem of the hindgut is more hospitable than the rumen. Therefore, we hypothesize that dietary factors that promote supply of substrates (starch, fiber, protein, or lipids) to the hindgut will have …

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Eye Lens Weight And Nitrogen Content Predict Beef Animal Age (2007), C.R. Raines, Melvin C. Hunt, James J. Higgins, James L. Marsden, Michael E. Dikeman, John A. Unruh Jan 2007

Eye Lens Weight And Nitrogen Content Predict Beef Animal Age (2007), C.R. Raines, Melvin C. Hunt, James J. Higgins, James L. Marsden, Michael E. Dikeman, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

With the emergence of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the necessity to guarantee cattle ages to meet export requirements of some countries, the need to accurately determine age is paramount to the worldwide beef industry. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that only approximately 5% of U.S. beef cattle have documented chronological ages. Several methods for determining or predicting cattle age exist, including vertebra ossification, lean color, and dentition. Current systems can be criticized due to their subjectivity and subsequent inherent variability. Because concerns exist about current methods of determining cattle age, we investigated the use of the …

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Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Steers (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.T. Marston, John A. Unruh Jan 2007

Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Steers (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.T. Marston, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Enhancement of steer and heifer meat has become a common practice, especially for some large retailers in the United States, because it increases the weight of salable product and decreases variability in tenderness and juiciness. Enhancement also may reduce the aging period for some muscles. Muscles for this research were identified by National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) as possible muscles in which value could be added with some type of postmortem tenderization treatment. If muscles are enhanced, aging may become less important, thus allowing more efficient and faster processing of those cuts. Therefore, the objective of this research was to …

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Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Enzyme Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Cull Cows Of Known Age (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, T.T. Marston, Melvin C. Hunt, John A. Unruh Jan 2007

Aging, Blade Tenderization, And Enzyme Injection Impacts Tenderness Of Muscles From Fed Cull Cows Of Known Age (2007), Stacy L. Hutchinson, T.T. Marston, Melvin C. Hunt, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Approximately 16% of the 31 million head of cattle harvested in the United States in 2005 were aged cows. Cow meat is known to be tougher than meat from young steers and heifers, and it typically has a less desirable, darker color. It is generally assumed that cow meat needs to be ground or have some form of postmortem tenderization applied to be merchandized as a whole muscle product. The knuckle, top sirloin, and top blade muscles have been identified as muscles that potentially can be upgraded to medium-priced steaks. Most cow steaks are fabricated by food-service providers for their …

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Antioxidants May Reduce Heterocyclic Amines In Commercially Marinated Beef Steaks (2007), F. Ameri, J. Scott Smith Jan 2007

Antioxidants May Reduce Heterocyclic Amines In Commercially Marinated Beef Steaks (2007), F. Ameri, J. Scott Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds found at a level of parts per billion in grilled fish and meats. Since the connection between consumption of dietary carcinogens and risk of different cancers in humans has been established, it is necessary to explore effective inhibitors that can prevent or reduce the formation of HCAs in cooked meats. Cooking meat with natural antioxidants decreases or eliminates HCAs in meat. Our objective was to study the inhibition of five HCAs in beef steaks marinated using commercial ingredients that are natural antioxidants.

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Formation And Safety Of 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone, A Unique Radiolytic Product In Irradiated Beef (2007), P. Gadgil, J. Scott Smith Jan 2007

Formation And Safety Of 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone, A Unique Radiolytic Product In Irradiated Beef (2007), P. Gadgil, J. Scott Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Treating food with ionizing radiation improves product safety and helps maintain quality. The main selling point of irradiated foods is that it is microbially safe. Beginning in October 2002, companies could petition the FDA for permission to use terms like "electronic pasteurization" on the labeling for irradiated foods. Consumers are already familiar with pasteurization and they associate the term with a safe product. There needs to be a protocol in place to test for irradiation to verify that products meet regulatory requirements. Being able to differentiate between irradiated and nonirradiated food will aid in proving the authenticity and safety of …

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Thermal Process For Jerky Provides Proper Lethality For Controlling Pathogens (2007), M.N. Roberts, Kelly J.K. Getty, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle Jan 2007

Thermal Process For Jerky Provides Proper Lethality For Controlling Pathogens (2007), M.N. Roberts, Kelly J.K. Getty, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 2003, the New Mexico Department of Health linked an outbreak of Salmonellosis with consumption of beef jerky. Due to the increasing commonality of foodborne illness associated with dried meats, in 2004 USDA/FSIS published the Compliance Guideline for Meat and Poultry Jerky Produced by Small and Very Small Plants, which addresses the issues of how to obtain adequate lethality and verify adequate drying. Small meat businesses that produce jerky products must validate that their processes achieve a 5-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and a>6.5-log reduction of Salmonella. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of …

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Supplementation With Undegradable Intake Protein Increases Utilization Of Low-Quality Forage And Microbial Use Of Recycled Urea, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, E.E. Wickersham, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2007

Supplementation With Undegradable Intake Protein Increases Utilization Of Low-Quality Forage And Microbial Use Of Recycled Urea, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, E.E. Wickersham, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Low-quality forage utilization (intake and digestion) is improved by protein supplementation. Typically, the recommendation is to select supplements that are high in degradable intake protein because this fraction of the protein directly addresses the ruminal nitrogen deficiency that exists when low-quality forages are fed. However, the low cost of byproducts (e.g., distiller's grains) that are high in undegradable intake protein makes them an attractive source of supplemental protein even though the response per unit of supplemental protein is less for undegradable protein than for degradable protein. One of the primary barriers to utilizing highly undegradable protein sources as supplements is …

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Altered Insemination Timing Improves Pregnancy Rates After A Co-Synch + Cidr Protocol (2007), C. A. Dobbins, D. E. Tenhouse, D. R. Eborn, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2007

Altered Insemination Timing Improves Pregnancy Rates After A Co-Synch + Cidr Protocol (2007), C. A. Dobbins, D. E. Tenhouse, D. R. Eborn, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objective was to determine the optimal time to inseminate lactating beef cows after applying the CO-Synch + CIDR protocol [injection of GnRH given seven days before and 48 to 72 hr after an injection of prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) concurrent with AI, with a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert containing progesterone placed intravaginally for seven days between the first GnRH injection and PGF2α.]. Using 605 beef cows located at three Kansas locations, the CO-Synch + CIDR protocol was administered as follows: an injection of GnRH was given concurrent with a vaginally placed, progesterone-releasing CIDR insert, seven days later the insert …

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Evaluation Of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin As A Replacement For Gnrh In An Ovulation Synchronization Protocol Before Fixed-Time Insemination (2007), M.G. Burns, B.S. Buttrey, D.R. Eborn, J.E. Larson, B.J. Lovaas, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, K. C. Olson Jan 2007

Evaluation Of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin As A Replacement For Gnrh In An Ovulation Synchronization Protocol Before Fixed-Time Insemination (2007), M.G. Burns, B.S. Buttrey, D.R. Eborn, J.E. Larson, B.J. Lovaas, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the difference between gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) given at the beginning of a timed AI protocol and their effects on fertility. In Experiment 1, beef cows (n = 672) at six different locations were assigned randomly to treatments based on age, body condition, and days postpartum. On day −10, cattle were treated with GnRH or hCG and a progesterone-releasing controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert was placed in the vagina. An injection of PGF2αwas given and CIDR inserts were removed on day −3. Cows were inseminated at one fixed timed …

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Gnrh Removal In The 7-11 Co-Synch For Timed Insemination Of Beef Heifers (2007), D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger Jan 2007

Gnrh Removal In The 7-11 Co-Synch For Timed Insemination Of Beef Heifers (2007), D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The use of artificial insemination can improve genetics, shorten the calving season, and increase weaning weights by having more calves born earlier in the breeding season. Reasons that this technology has not been used by many producers may include poor conception rates, time, and cost. Research has been directed at shortening the synchronization time and controlling time of ovulation to eliminate estrous detection using a timed artificial insemination. Use of a progestin, like the Eazi-Breed CIDR or melengestrol acetate (MGA), is desirable because they are effective in synchronizing estrus and they can also induce cyclicity in anestrus or prepubertal females. …

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Trailer-Mounted Rfid Reader Scans Eid Tags During Cattle Shipments (2007), B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, M.P. Epp, M.F. Spire, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2007

Trailer-Mounted Rfid Reader Scans Eid Tags During Cattle Shipments (2007), B.B. Barnhardt, A.M. Bryant, M.P. Epp, M.F. Spire, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One of the challenges regarding implementation of a national animal identification system is the logistics of reading and reporting EID (electronic identification) tag numbers as cattle move through the production cycle. Many small producers would have difficulty justifying the investment required to install an RFID (radio frequency identification) reader system that would only be used seasonally to track relatively small numbers of cattle that are entering commerce. A proposed solution to this issue is to install an RFID reader on commercial cattle trailers so that cattle can have EID tags read as they are loaded and unloaded during transport from …

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