Life Sciences Commons^™

Division Magnoliophyta – Class Magnoliopsida, Stanley L. Welsh, N. Duane Atwood, Sherel Goodrich, Larry C. Higgins

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Division Lycopodiophyta, Stanley L. Welsh, N. Duane Atwood, Sherel Goodrich, Larry C. Higgins

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Vol. 9

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Production From Heifers And First Calvers, G J. Sawyer

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Heifers and first calvers present the major problems of the beef breeding herd. Reproduction rates, calf growth and survival of first calvers are generally much poorer than those of adult breeders.

Early successful reproductive performance is important in beef herds because of the high overhead cost of keeping breeding beef heifers or cows, Where possible, beef producers should aim to join heifers at 14 to 15 months of age. To achieve this goal, producers should set production targets for those animals. These targets will differ from farm to farm depending on when calves are turned off and the seasonal feed …

Analysing Feeds For Cattle, Sheep And Goats, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Department of Agriculture's Feed Evaluation Unit at Bunbury provides a service for farmers and allied industries on a fee-for-service basis, and conducts analyses for research officers, advisers and organisations such as the University ofWestern Australia. It also analyses feedstuffs for Departments of Agriculture in other States.

The Unit analyses about 5000 samples each year. The work load is high because no other laboratory in Western Australia provides the same service. Results are recorded on a computer which makes it easy t6o retrieve results of analyses of particular types of feedstuffs or froma particular owner or district.

Barber's Pole Worm : A New Solution, R B. Besier

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) has been a major problem to the sheep industry for many years. About ten million sheep graze in Western Australia's high rainfall areas where barber's pole worm is prevalent, and the annual cost of losses and control totals millions of dollars each year.

Research in progress in Albany now offers the prospect of prolomged and reliable control of barber's pole worm, by means of few drench treatments.

Feeding Behaviour Of Live Sheep During Export, C L. Mcdonald

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Live sheep exporters in Western Australia often hold as many as 00 000 sheep in assembly feedlots while the consignment is being purchased and assembled before shipment. During the assembly phase the sheep ane introduced to the pelleted rations used on board.

Industry reports have highlighted the wide variability in condidtions, facilities and procedures used, and showed that there was little evidence from which to make recommendations to the live sheep shipping indudtry. This article discusses ten experiments by the Department of Agriculture from 1981 to 1985 designed to investigate what influences the feeding behaviour of Merino wethers under conditions …

Herd Improvement Service Forges Ahead, M P. Bond

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since its establishment three years ago, the Herd Improvement Service has steadily expanded the range of services provided to Western Australian livestock producers. The genetic advancement and improved hers management offered by the service give farmers the ability to use modern technology in the most cost-effective way. There is an increasing realisation amongst farmers that to survive and remain competitive, it is worthwhile to invest in such technology.

The Herd Improvement Service is a statutory corporation which was formed to improve the productivity of the State's livestock enterprises. Most of the organisation's activities have been directed to servicing the dairy …

Whole-Plant Forage And Grain Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, B. Kirch, S. Hamma, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, J. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four trials were conducted to determine the feeding value of whole-plant forage and grain sorghum silages. In general, growing cattle fed grain sorghum hybrids (NK2778, Funk's 550, DeKalb 42Y, DeKalb E67) out performed those fed forage sorghum silages. Only moderate to high grain-content, forage sorghums (Buffalo Canex, Pioneer 947, Acco 351) gave performances that approached the grain sorghums. Low grain-content and nonheading forage sorghums (DeKalb 25E, Funk's G-1990) resulted in the poorest cattle performance. These studies indicate that grain content of a sorghum silage is the major determinant of cattle performance and that whole-plant grain sorghums should produce the fastest …

Influence Of Prebreeding Progesterone Plus Prostaglandin F2-Α On Estrus And Fertility In Lactating Dairy Cows (1987), M.O. Mee, R.E. Stewart, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Progesterone administered before breeding may increase estrous expression and subsequent fertility in lactating dairy cows. Holstein cows (n=302) were assigned randomly at calving to three groups. Cows received no treatment (controls), one injection of prostaglandin F 2-α (PGF), or progesterone plus one injection of PGF (PRID + PGF). The average interval to estrus was 5 days shorter in PRID + PGF cows compared to cows given only PGF. In addition, more cows were observed in estrus 2 to 5 days after treatment in the PRID + PGF group compared to the PGF group. Average days from calving to conception were …

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Improves Conception Rates Of Repeat-Breeders With Previous Reproductive Disorders (1987), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment examining the benefit of treating repeat-breeders with 100 µg GnRH (Cystorelin ®) at the time of third or fourth insemination was conducted in 513 dairy cows of which 93 (abnormal cows) had been diagnosed previously (during the 60 to 90 days postpartum) as having reproductive disorders, including retained placenta, uterine infections, prolonged anestrus, and cystic ovaries. Treatment with GnRH improved conception in normal and abnormal repeat-breeding cows by 13 percentage points or 42%.; Dairy Day, 1987, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1987;

1987 Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, L. W. Lomas, K. W. Kelley, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research on beef cattle and crops at Southeast Kansas Branch Station.

Effect Of Select Menhaden Fish Meal And Dried Whey In Starter Diets For Pigs (1987), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, M E. Johnston

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) and dried whey (DW) in starter diets for pigs. A total of 240, 3-wk-old, weaned pigs averaging 12.1 lb were utilized. Pigs did not receive creep feed and were introduced to the experimental diets immediately upon weaning. The trial was conducted for 4 wk. A factorial design with 3 levels of SMFM (0, 4, and 8%) and 2 levels of OW (10 and 20%) was employed. Analysis of the data indicated no SMFM x DW interaction by the end of wk 4. Inclusion of SMFM …

Apramycin For The Early-Weaned Pig (1987), Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee, R C. Thaler, W H. Turlington

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 108 21-day-old pigs, weighing less than 10 lb, were utilized in two, 28-day trials to compare the effects of feeding high nutrient-density diets with either added apramycin, neomycin, or carbadox on pig performance. In Tria1, pigs fed the diet containing Apralan® gained slightly faster and were more efficient (P<.05) than pigs fed neomycin during the first 14 days postweaning. There were no differences in pig performance in Trials I or II for the entire 28-day period. Two additional 28-day on-farm studies using a total of 427, 21-day old pigs were conducted, feeding a high nutrient-density diet medicated with either apramycin or neomycin plus terramycin. In both on-farm trials, pigs fed apramycin gained faster (P<.05) than pigs fed neomycin plus terramycin for the initial 14 days post weaning. In the second on-farm trial, feed intake was higher (P<.09) during the first 14 days for pigs fed apramycin. Additionally, pigs fed diets medicated with apramycin were slightly heavier (1. 7 and 1.5 additional pounds for the first and second on-farm trials, respectively) at 28 days post weaning compared to pigs fed neomycin plus terramycin. These results indicate that apramycin will improve the performance of early-weaned pigs fed high nutrient-density diets compared to other feed medications.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987

Effects Of Milk Products (Casein And Lactose) On Nutrient Digestibility In Weaned Pigs Fed A High Fat Dry Diet (1987), W H. Turlington, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials using a total of 48 pigs were conducted to compare protein (soybean meal and casein) and carbohydrate (dextrose and lactose) sources. In trial 1, digestion studies were conducted to determine apparent digestible energy content of the four treatments and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients. In trial 2, pigs were sacrificed to determine ileal and total tract (apparent) nutrient digestibility coefficients. Results suggest that milk products are important to improving energy and nutrient digestibility in the young pig. The younger the pig or the sooner after weaning, the greater the benefit from their addition. The data also suggest that milk …

The Effects Of Sprout-Damaged Milo On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, W H. Turlington, Robert H. Hines, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and sixty-five, crossbred, growing-finishing pigs were utilized in two growth trials to determine the effects of sprout-damaged milo on pig performance. Sprout-damaged milo was officially graded as having 39% sprout damage and 10% broken kernels. In addition, the grain was badly weathered and discolored. In Trial 1, sprout-damaged milo was substituted for normal milo at levels of 0, 50, and 100% of the grain portion in the diet. Increasing levels of sprout-damaged milo had no effect (P>.20) on average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI) of growing pigs (91 to 145 lbs). However, pigs …

Concepts And Concerns In Remodeling Swine Facilities (1987), P Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Shall I remodel or burn it down? Determining an answer to this question requires careful consideration of construction costs and production goals. When considering a particular building - consider the following:; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987

Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) Pleuropneumoniae Infection In Germfree Piglets (1987), N V. Anderson, C A. King

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Germfree piglets rapidly develop pneumonia after Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae is inoculated into the lung, providing a basis of comparison for future studies of pneumonia in SPF and conventionally reared piglets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987

Grazing And Feedlot Performance Of Heifers Spayed By Two Methods, S.B. Laudert, Gerry L. Kuhl, A.J. Edwards

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two field trials were conducted to compare the pasture and finishing performance of heifers spayed by the Kimberling-Rupp(K-R) technique or by flank spaying plus autografting a piece of ovarian tissue into the rumen wall (FS+A). In trial 1, neither spaying method resulted in gains of grazing heifers different from that of intake controls; however, FS+A heifers gained 5.1% faster than K-R spayed heifers. In trial 2, grazing gains of heifers spayed by the two techniques were similar. During the finishing phase, no performance difference was found among intact, K-R, or FS+A heifers in trial 1 or between K-R and FS+A …

Effect Of Terramycin® And Bovatec® In Free-Choice Mineral Mixtures On Gains Of Heifers Grazing Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, D. Harmon, S. Laudert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementing heifers in an intensive-early grazing program with Terramycin ® or Bovatec ® in free-choice, mineral-soybean meal mixtures resulted in Comparable cattle performance. Both feed additive mixtures increased heifer gains about .3 lb per day compared to controls supplemented with a simple mineral mixture.

Effect Of Limited-Creep Feeding Calves Of Spring-Calving Cows Grazing Native Grass, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, L. Corah, K. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two limited-creep feeding trials were conducted with spring-born, suckling calves on native grass. The high-energy creep rations containing an ionophore were fed during the last 63 or 85 days before weaning in the two trials. Creep intake was limited with salt to about 1.5 lb per calf daily. Calves consuming the limited-creep feeds gained .26 to .31 lb more per head daily and required 4.4 to 5.5 lb of creep per lb of extra weaning weight.

The Value Of Drip Versus Spray Cooling At Two Flow Rates To Reduce Heat Stress Of Finishing Swine (1987), David A. Nichols, R C. Thaler, James P. Murphy, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty pigs were used to evaluate the effectiveness of either spray cooling or drip sprinkling to reduce heat stress in finishing swine. In addition, water flow rates of .2 gal/pig/hr and .4 gal/pig/hr were compared. All wetting treatments significantly (P<.01) improved average daily gain and feed intake (P<.05) compared with non-wetted control. No differences were observed in feed to gain ratio among treatments. Drip sprinkling at the higher flow rate resulted in performance equal to that with intermittent spray cooling at both flow rates.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987

Effect Of Protein And/Or Carbohydrate Fractions Of Dried Whey On Performance And Nutrient Digestibility Of Weanling Pigs (1987), Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and eighty 3-wk old pigs (initial weight 10.6 lb) were utilized in a 35-day growth trial to determine the effects of the carbohydrate and/or protein fractions of dried whey on pig performance. In addition, 30 3-wk-old pigs (initial weight 10.8 lb) were used in two digestion trials to study the effects of the whey fractions on nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal control (CON), control + 20% dried whey (WHE), control + 14% lactose (CHO), control + 2.1% lactalbumin (PRO), control + 14% lactose + 2.1% lactalbumin (CHO + PHD), and control + 8.4% whey protein …

Effect Of Fat Source On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1987), W H. Turlington, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 5-week trial was conducted to compare various fat sources for the weaned pig. A total of 150 pigs were weaned at 19 days of age and allotted, by weight, to five dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a control with no added fat and four fat sources (choice white grease, coconut oil, soybean oil and tallow). During the first 2 weeks, 10% fat was added, and 5% fat was added during the last 3 weeks. Average daily gain and feed/gain of weaned pigs were improved with the addition of dietary fat. During the first 2 weeks, pigs fed soybean oil …

The Effect Of Season On Response Of Growing-Finishing Pigs To Dietary Fat Levels (1987), G L. Allee, G R. Stoner, M E. Johnston, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was conducted to examine the influence of season on the response of finishing pigs to practical levels of fat addition. A total of 378 pigs (average initial weight per trial ranging from 83 to 98 pounds) were utilized in four finishing trials conducted during time frames approximating the 4 seasons of the year. Groups of pigs were taken off trial as they reached market weight (230 pounds). There was no season x fat level interaction for any of the criteria measured. Therefore, it is concluded that season has essentially no effect on fat level response. Fat addition influenced …

The Effects Of Added Niacin During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An on-farm field study utilizing 231 sows was conducted to determine the effects of added niacin during a 21-day lactation on sow and litter performance. At farrowing, sows were assigned to one of two dietary treatments that provided either 200 or 1000 mg niacin/day. All Iitters were equalized within dietary treatment by 24 hours following farrowing. All sows had a similar number of pigs born alive, pigs equalized per litter, and average pig and litter birth weights. Feeding sows a diet providing 1000 mg additional niacin did not significantly affect the number of pigs weaned, pig survival, or average pig …

Using Biotechnology To Improve Growth Rate And Carcass Composition In Swine (1987), Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Biotechnology has developed a number of compounds that partition nutrients away from fat tissue deposition and towards lean (muscle) tissue accretion in swine. Two compounds that have received considerable research attention are porcine somatotropin (growth hormone) and beta agonists. Somatotropin is a naturally occurring protein found in the blood of all mammals. Beta agonists are compounds commonly used in human medicine. Somatotropin and beta agonists can dramatically influence carcass leanness and ultimately pork product quality. Research has shown that porcine somatotropin can increase daily gains up to 19%, improve feed efficiency up to 28%, and reduce backfat thickness up to …

Effects Of Grain Sorghum Hybrid On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), G Goldy, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to compare the feeding value of homozygous and heterozygous yellow endosperm grain sorghum and corn for finishing pigs. Homozygous yellow endosperm grain sorghum had no advantage in feeding value over heterozgous yellow endosperm hybrids (P>.05). Finishing hogs fed grain sorghum hybrids did not differ (P>.05) in average daily gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency compared to those fed a corn diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987

Estrous Expression Of Sows After Altered Suckling And Boar Exposure (1987), E A. Newton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In two different experiments, we studied the influence of: 1) separating litters from their dams (altered suckling) during the last 8 days of lactation, which included a change in housing and social interaction with other sows; 2) providing boar exposure (1 hr/d); and 3) parity on the ability of sows to come into heat during lactation and after weaning. Our studies indicated that: 1) 6 hr of altered suckling and 1 hr of boar exposure may shorten the interval to heat for sows that express estrus during lactation, but 3 hr of altered suckling and 1 h of boar exposure …

The Changing Structure Of Red Meat Demand (1987), James Mintert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Testing for a demand change was done using pork and beef demand models estimated over the 1950-1984 period. Results suggest that a structural change has taken place in both beef and pork demand. The beef demand change, however, appears to have been more severe than that noted for pork.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987