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Articles 541 - 570 of 659
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Seasonal Changes In The Depth Distribution Of Bivalve Larvae On The Southern New England Shelf, Roger L. Mann
Seasonal Changes In The Depth Distribution Of Bivalve Larvae On The Southern New England Shelf, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
A limited survey was made of the seasonal change in occurrence, depth distribution, size distribution, and species composition of bivalve larvae at a single station on the southern New England shelf during the period April-December 1981. The data were related to temperature structure of the water column and chlorophyll a distribution. Bivalve larvae were most abundant during late August and September at depths greater than 10 m, in water temperatures of 14 to 18°C, and chlorophyll a concentrations of200 p.m length consisted predominantly of the species Modiolus modiolus (Linne), Arctica islandica (Linne) and Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn). Modiolus modiolus was present …
Biology And Distribution Of Species Of Polyacanthonotus (Pisces, Notacanthiformes) In The Western North-Atlantic, Re Crabtree, Kj Sulak, Ja Musick
Biology And Distribution Of Species Of Polyacanthonotus (Pisces, Notacanthiformes) In The Western North-Atlantic, Re Crabtree, Kj Sulak, Ja Musick
VIMS Articles
The notacanthid genus Poiyacanthonotus is represented in the Atlantic by three species of demersal deep-sea fishes at depths from about 500-3,800 m. Recent collections have made available new material from the temperate and tropical western North Atlantic for life history study of P. merretti and P. rissoanus. Species of the genus are browsers on small benthic macrofauna including polychaetes, gammaridean amphipods, and mysids. Reproduction does not appear to be seasonal. Fecundity is positively correlated with size in P. merretti, and ranges between 1,900-5,700 ova. Fecundities are much higher (ca. 20,000-30,000 ova) in P. rissoanus and P. cha/lengeri, which attain a …
Monomitopus-Magnus, A New Species Of Deep-Sea Fish (Ophidiidae) From The Western North-Atlantic, Hj Carter, Dm Cohen
Monomitopus-Magnus, A New Species Of Deep-Sea Fish (Ophidiidae) From The Western North-Atlantic, Hj Carter, Dm Cohen
VIMS Articles
Monomitopus magnus new species is described from slope waters off the southeastern coast of North America. M. magnus is most closely related to M. american urn from the continental slope of Uruguay and southern Brazil and is more distantly related to the western Pacific M. pallidus. M. magnus differs from M. americanum in having fewer developed gill rakers on the anterior arch (10-11 compared to 14-22) and more precaudal vertebrae (15 compared to 13-14). The 13 nominal species of Monomitopus are divided into three groups based on head shape and degree of ossification.
Distribution Of Demersal Fishes Of The Caribbean Sea Found Below 2,000 Meters, Me Anderson, Re Crabtree, Hj Carter, Et Al
Distribution Of Demersal Fishes Of The Caribbean Sea Found Below 2,000 Meters, Me Anderson, Re Crabtree, Hj Carter, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Abyssal fishes of the Caribbean Sea are known from the work of six research vessels, yet only one ofthese collections has been reported. The most recent collection, that of the USNS BARTLETTin 1981, contains 13 new records of rare fish to the Caribbean, including two undescribed species. Twelve species accounts are given, documenting the new finds, along with some taxonomic changes from previous reports. Zoogeographical analysis revealed that the abyssal fish fauna of the Caribbean basins reflects a depauperate, tropical, western Atlantic subunit of a broader, circumglobal pattern of the world's abyssal fish fauna.
A New Species And A Review Of The Deep-Sea Fish Genus Porogadus (Ophidiidae) From The Western North-Atlantic, Hj Carter, Kj Sulak
A New Species And A Review Of The Deep-Sea Fish Genus Porogadus (Ophidiidae) From The Western North-Atlantic, Hj Carter, Kj Sulak
VIMS Articles
A new species of deep-sea ophidiid, Porogadus situs, is described from deep water off the Bahamas, It differs from its congeners chiefly in having a relatively shorter and deeper head, absence of preopercular and frontal spines and relatively large scales covering the body. A partial osteological description of P. situs is given. porogadus is reviewed and a provisional key to species from the western North Atlantic is presented. The species group containing Porogadus that lack well developed head spines and armature is partially revised on the basis of a study of specimens collected from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Of …
Observations On Structure And Evaluation Of Possible Functions Of The Vexillum In Larval Carapidae (Ophidiiformes), Jj Govoni, Je Olney, Df Markle, Wr Curtsinger
Observations On Structure And Evaluation Of Possible Functions Of The Vexillum In Larval Carapidae (Ophidiiformes), Jj Govoni, Je Olney, Df Markle, Wr Curtsinger
VIMS Articles
Elongate dorsal appendages adorn pelagic larvae of many fishes from disparate taxa, among them larvae of the family Carapidae, wherein the singular, elongate appendage is termed a vexillum, The vexillum is a complex larval specialization of the dorsal fin and is characteristic of all carapid genera, It is motile, well vascularized, and innervated by a branch of a cranial nerve with no apparent spinal innervation. Histological studies of Echiodon dawsoni and Carapus bermudensis vexilla show a two layered epidermis with mucous cells, an arteriole and venuole, two myelinated peripheral nerve fascicles, and two collagenous central shafts. No taste buds, free …
Species Associations And Community Composition Of Middle Atlantic Bight Continental-Shelf Demersal Fishes, James A. Colvocoresses, John Musick
Species Associations And Community Composition Of Middle Atlantic Bight Continental-Shelf Demersal Fishes, James A. Colvocoresses, John Musick
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Community And Trophic Organization Of Nekton Utilizing Shallow Marsh Habitats, York River, Virginia, Stephen M. Smith, James G. Hoff, Steven P. O'Neil, Michael P. Weinstein
Community And Trophic Organization Of Nekton Utilizing Shallow Marsh Habitats, York River, Virginia, Stephen M. Smith, James G. Hoff, Steven P. O'Neil, Michael P. Weinstein
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Epizootiology Of Diseases Of Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica), And Parasites Of Associated Organisms In Eastern North America, J. D. Andrews
Epizootiology Of Diseases Of Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica), And Parasites Of Associated Organisms In Eastern North America, J. D. Andrews
VIMS Articles
Haplosporidan parasites of oysters have been reported from four continents. Those of the genera Minchinia, Haplosporidium, and Marteilia, which cause serious diseases of oysters, have been intensively studied. Epizootiology of these highly pathogenic species is well known. Life cycles are obscure for all haplosporidans because artificial infections have not been achieved. The high pathogenicity of newly-discovered haplosporidan diseases to native oysters in eastern North America and western Europe may rod:care that these are exohc pathogens paras~t:zmg suscephble oysters not previously exposed to these disease agents. Epizootiology of two haplosporidan pathogens along the middle Atlantic Coast of North America during 25 …
Apagesoma-Edentatum, A New Genus And Species Of Ophidiid Fish From The Western North-Atlantic, Hj Carter
Apagesoma-Edentatum, A New Genus And Species Of Ophidiid Fish From The Western North-Atlantic, Hj Carter
VIMS Articles
A new genus and species of deep-sea fish, Apagesoma eden/alum, (family Ophidiidae), is described from deep waters off the Bahamas. It can be distinguished from other ophidiid genera by the following characters: an enlarged and swollen anterior nostril; eyes placed anteriorly on the head; moderate-sized, unsculptured, hemispheric-shaped sagitta; absence ofa basibranchial tooth patch; absence of an opercular spine; large sub-terminal mouth, with non-protrusible jaws. Typhlonus delosommalus Hureau et aI., 1979 is placed in Apagesoma based on similarities in otoliths, non-protrusibility of jaws, swollen anterior nostrils and absence of a basi branchial tooth patch. Typhlonus contains only the type species, T. …
Hard Clam, Mercenaria-Mercenaria - Shell Growth-Patterns In Chesapeake Bay, Lowell W. Fritz, Dexter S. Haven
Hard Clam, Mercenaria-Mercenaria - Shell Growth-Patterns In Chesapeake Bay, Lowell W. Fritz, Dexter S. Haven
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Transport Of Bivalve Larvae In James River, Virginia, J. D. Andrews
Transport Of Bivalve Larvae In James River, Virginia, J. D. Andrews
VIMS Articles
For nearly 100 years, the James River has been the primary source of seed oysters for Virginia. A disease caused by Minchinia nelsoni (MSX) killed most oysters in high-salinity waters in the lower river in 1959 and 1960, and planting has not been resumed in these areas (Andrews 1983). Large populations of oysters on Hampton Bar and near the mouth of the river which served as broodstocks were destroyed. After 1960, setting declined drastically in regularity and intensity to about one tenth of that which occurred in the 1950's. Setting patterns suggest two types of seed areas in Chesapeake Bay: …
Morphology And Development Of Hatchery-Cultured American Shad, Alosa-Sapidissima (Wilson), James R. Johnson, Joseph G. Loesch
Morphology And Development Of Hatchery-Cultured American Shad, Alosa-Sapidissima (Wilson), James R. Johnson, Joseph G. Loesch
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
The Origin And Extent Of Oyster Reefs In The James River, Virginia, Dexter S. Haven, James P. Whitcomb
The Origin And Extent Of Oyster Reefs In The James River, Virginia, Dexter S. Haven, James P. Whitcomb
VIMS Articles
The public oyster grounds (Baylor Survey Grounds) in the James River, VA, were studied with respect to bottom type and oyster density from 1978 to 1981. Approximately 10,118 ha (25,000 acres) were investigated using an electronic positioning system to establish station locations. Bottom types were determined using probing pipes, patent tongs, and an acoustical device. About 17.1% of the bottom was classified as consolidated oyster reef, and 47.5% was moderately productive mud-shell or sand-shell bottoms. The remaining 35.4% was rated as unsuitable for oyster culture. The surface configuration of oyster reef areas in the James River is similar to those …
Reproductive-Biology Of The Blueline Tilefish, Caulolatilus-Microps, Off North-Carolina And South-Carolina, Jeffery L. Ross, John Merriner
Reproductive-Biology Of The Blueline Tilefish, Caulolatilus-Microps, Off North-Carolina And South-Carolina, Jeffery L. Ross, John Merriner
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Feeding-Habits Of The Gray Tilefish, Caulolatilus-Microps (Goode And Bean, 1878) From North-Carolina And South-Carolina Waters, Jl Ross
VIMS Articles
Gray tilefish, Cau/o/atilus microps, were collected from 1972 to 1977 between depths of 70 to 236 m off North Carolina and South Carolina, Gray tilefish are demersal, opportunistic predators that consume fishes and macroinvertebrates closely associated with the substrate, The principal components of their diets, in decreasing order of importance, are: crabs, shrimp, fish, echinoderms (holothurians, echinoids, stelleroids), polychaetes, ascideans, molluscs (gastropods and bivalves), stomatopods and sipunculids. As tilefish grow, they consume larger prey. Their generalized feeding is similar to other branchiostegids. This strategy is advantageous for predation on the faunal assemblages of the shelf-edge habitat where the species diversity …
Anaerobic Mortalities Of Oysters In Virginia Caused By Low Salinities, J. D. Andrews
Anaerobic Mortalities Of Oysters In Virginia Caused By Low Salinities, J. D. Andrews
VIMS Articles
Oysters on natural beds in the upper seed area of the James River died anaerobically in the winter and early spring of 1979-80 during prolonged exposure to fresh water and low salinities (< 5 ppt). Heavy rains in .the fall of 1979 combined with the usual winter-spring runoff to produce low salinities. Oysters in trays were transplanted in late March and early April to six high-salinity areas where mortalities were found a month later. The oysters died slowly within closed shells because they were unable to feed and respire in the nearly fresh water. This produced a strong, malodorus stench and blackened shell margins that are characteristic of anaerobiotic decay. Similar phenomena occurred previously in the Rappahannock River about 1 May during several wet years during the past three decades. At depths of 5 to 6 m, dissolved oxygen was depleted and everything on the bottom became black with iron and other heavy metal sulfides. Dead oysters were not discovered until June after waters had become aerobic again.
Epizootiology Of Late Summer And Fall Infections Of Oysters By Haplosporidium Nelsoni, And Comparisons To Annual Life Cycle Of Haplosporidium Costalis, A Typical Haplosporidan, J. D. Andrews
VIMS Articles
The two haplosporidan parasites that cause diseases of oysters along the middle North Atlantic coast of North America differ in their habitats, in timing of oyster mortalities, and in their adaptations to the host. Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) kills oysters throughout the year over a wide range of salinities (about 15 to 30 ppt). It has a long infective period of nearly 6 months. This pathogen rarely completes sporulation in its life cycle in oysters. It is highly pathogenic and exhibits irregular activity suggesting that it is poorly adapted to the host species. In contrast, Haplosporidium costalis (SSO) has a short, …
Larval Development Of Citharichthys-Cornutus, Citharichthys-Gymnorhinus, Citharichthys-Spilopterus, And Etropus-Crossotus (Bothidae), With Notes On Larval Occurrence, John W. Tucker Jr.
Larval Development Of Citharichthys-Cornutus, Citharichthys-Gymnorhinus, Citharichthys-Spilopterus, And Etropus-Crossotus (Bothidae), With Notes On Larval Occurrence, John W. Tucker Jr.
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Biological Results Of The University-Of-Miami Deep-Sea Expeditions .136. A New Eelpout (Teleostei, Zoarcidae) From The Eastern Tropical Pacific-Ocean, Me Anderson
VIMS Articles
A new ee]pout, Lycenchelys rnonstrosa, is described from the lower continental slope of the Gulf of Panama, eastern Pacific Ocean. It is distinguished from all other Lycenchelys in the region by possessing nine preopercu]omandibular pores, eight or nine suborbital pores, one postorbital pore, no occipital or interorbital pores, 126-132 vertebrae and far posterior dorsal fin origin, with three to seven free dorsal pterygiophores. The species appears to be somewhat peculiar among eel pouts in that 11 of the 12 known specimens lack pelvic fins; one of the fish without pelvic fins is the only one known with palatine teeth. Both …
Preliminary Observations On The Usefulness Of Hinge Structures For Identification Of Bivalve Larvae, R. Lutz, J. Goodsell, M. Castagna, S. Chapman, C. Newell, H. Hidu, R. Mann, Et Al
Preliminary Observations On The Usefulness Of Hinge Structures For Identification Of Bivalve Larvae, R. Lutz, J. Goodsell, M. Castagna, S. Chapman, C. Newell, H. Hidu, R. Mann, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Difficulties associated with discrimination of bivalve larvae isolated from plankton samples have long hampered both applied and basic research efforts in estuarine and open coastal marine environments. The vast majority of practical barriers to identification of larval bivalves may be eliminated through routine optical microscopic examination of the hinge apparatus of disarticulated larval shells. Representative micrographs of various ontogenetic stages of larval hinge development are presented for 12 genera (Mytilus, Geukensia, Crassostrea, Placopecten. Argopecten. Mya, Spisula, Mulinia, Ensis, Arca, Arctica. and Mercenaria) from 9 bivalve superfamilies (Mytilacea, Ostreacea. Pectinacea, Myacea, Mactracea. Solenacea, Arcacea, Arcticacea. and Veneracea). The larval hinge apparatus …
Diclidophora Nezumiae Sp. N. (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) And Its Ecological Relationships With The Macrourid Fish Nezumia Bairdii (Goode And Bean, 1877), Thomas A. Monroe, Ronald A. Campbell, David E. Zwerner
Diclidophora Nezumiae Sp. N. (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) And Its Ecological Relationships With The Macrourid Fish Nezumia Bairdii (Goode And Bean, 1877), Thomas A. Monroe, Ronald A. Campbell, David E. Zwerner
VIMS Articles
Diclidophora nezumiae sp. n. is described from the gills of the rat-tail fish Nezumia bairdii (Goode and Bean, 1877) taken from the environs of Hudson Submarine Canyon in the northwest Atlantic. The host-parasite relationships were studied in the host population. The new species is most similar to small species of Diclidophora having short bodies that taper to maximum width at the level of the first pair of clamps. It may be differentiated from other species by the following: clamps wider than long, noticeably decreasing in size posteriorly; lamellate extension of sclerite b does not fuse with sclerite c1; unsclerotized diaphragm; …
Aspects Of The Early Life History Of Loligo Pealei (Cephalopoda:Myopsida), Michael Vecchione
Aspects Of The Early Life History Of Loligo Pealei (Cephalopoda:Myopsida), Michael Vecchione
VIMS Articles
The long-finned squid Loligo pealei was the most common squid collected in 2 years of zooplankton sampling over the Middle Atlantic Bight off New Jersey and Virginia. Planktonic specimens of L. pealei were found in that area during spring, summer, and fa ll; there were no indications of multiple stocks. This species was captured in waters with a salinity range of 31.5 to 34.0 ppt, and was confined to coastal waters except when current conditions, such as the passage of a Gulf Stream eddy, resulted in strong, offshore surface transport. While abundances were greater in night surface samples, larger specimens …
New Species And A Review Of The Deep-Sea Fish Genus Asquamiceps (Salmoniformes, Alepocephalidae), Df Markle
New Species And A Review Of The Deep-Sea Fish Genus Asquamiceps (Salmoniformes, Alepocephalidae), Df Markle
VIMS Articles
A new species of Asqllamiceps with a striking cobalt blue head is described from specimens collected at bathypelagic (ca. 2,000 m) depths in the Atlantic Ocean. The new species is compared to the five nominal species in the genus and a key to Asqllamiceps is presented. One nominal species. A. indagatio, is treated as a junior synonym of A. velaris. The anatomy of A. caerlilells suggests a relatively primitive grade within the family. The caudal skeleton, with two to four ural centra, four uroneurals, and the distal edge of the lower hypurals ahead of the distal edge of the upper …
Callinectes (Decapoda, Portunidae) Larvae In The Middle Atlantic Bight, 1975-77, Peter O. Smyth
Callinectes (Decapoda, Portunidae) Larvae In The Middle Atlantic Bight, 1975-77, Peter O. Smyth
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Oyster Diseases In Chesapeake Bay, Jay D. Andrews
Oyster Diseases In Chesapeake Bay, Jay D. Andrews
VIMS Articles
Three major diseases of oysters have been monitored in Virginia estuaries for 2-3 decades. Dermocystidium marinum, causing a warm-season wasting disease, was discovered in Virginia in 1950 and continues actively to kill oysters where beds or populations are found in high salinity waters ( >15%). This disease spreads by close proximity of dying oysters to other oysters, hence each isolated bed must be sampled in early fall annually to document activity of the pathogen. Control involves avoiding infected seed oysters, cleaning beds of all oysters after harvest, and isolation of new beds. A new pathogen, Minchinia nelsoni (MSX), caused …
Description And Occurrence Of Vexillifer Larvae Of Echiodon (Pisces, Carapidae) In The Western North-Atlantic And Notes On Other Carapid Vexillifers, Je Olney, Df Markle
Description And Occurrence Of Vexillifer Larvae Of Echiodon (Pisces, Carapidae) In The Western North-Atlantic And Notes On Other Carapid Vexillifers, Je Olney, Df Markle
VIMS Articles
Five hundred twenty-two vexillifers of an unnamed species of the carapid genus Echiodon are reported from ichthyoplankton collections made in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Middle Atlantic Bight, Sargasso Sea, and Scotian Shelf. These are compared with 36 vexi1lifers and one juvenile of the only other known western Atlantic carapine, Campus ber- I/ludensis, as well as two small unidentified western Atlantic vexillifers, and eight eastern Pacific vexillifers of E. exsiliul/l. Vexillum placement relative to anal-fin origin, myomeres, and vertebral centra appears to be a useful character for separating Echiodon vexillifers from other western Atlantic carapids. The vexillum in Echiodon …
The Use Of Sonic Gear To Chart Locations Of Natural Bars In Lower Chesapeake Bay., D. S. Haven, J. P. Whitcomb, J. M. Zeigler, W. C. Hale
The Use Of Sonic Gear To Chart Locations Of Natural Bars In Lower Chesapeake Bay., D. S. Haven, J. P. Whitcomb, J. M. Zeigler, W. C. Hale
VIMS Articles
An underwater microphone has been developed to detect shell material on the bottom. The system is simple to use and easily constructed. It consists of a microphone encased in a PVC tube and suspended from an A-frame which is towed over the bottom. It is being used along with other methods to chart oyster bottoms in Virginia.
Some Aspects Of The Biology Of Deep-Sea Lobsters Of The Family Polychelidae (Crustacea, Decapoda) From The Western North-Atlantic, Elizabeth L. Wenner
Some Aspects Of The Biology Of Deep-Sea Lobsters Of The Family Polychelidae (Crustacea, Decapoda) From The Western North-Atlantic, Elizabeth L. Wenner
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Seasonal Aspects Of The Biology, Distribution And Relative Abundance Of The Deep-Sea Red Crab Geryon Quinquedens Smith, In The Vicinity Of The Norfolk Canyon, Western North Atlantic, Paul A. Haefner Jr.
Seasonal Aspects Of The Biology, Distribution And Relative Abundance Of The Deep-Sea Red Crab Geryon Quinquedens Smith, In The Vicinity Of The Norfolk Canyon, Western North Atlantic, Paul A. Haefner Jr.
VIMS Articles
Deep-sea red crabs were collected from demersal trawl surveys of Norfolk-Canyon and an adjacent open slope area in the Chesapeake Bight of the western North Atlantic Ocean. The surveys were made in each of four seasons over a period of three years. The 2539 red crabs caught ranged from 16mm to 143 mm in carapace length (CL). Relationships between CL and carapace width (CW) were derived for 308 males and for 269 females. Wet weight to CL relationships were derived for 238 males and for 142 females. Red crabs were contagiously distributed within the total depth range of capture (200- …