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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (16)
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- ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; FACTOR-BETA SUPERFAMILY; LIGHT-CHAIN KINASE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; TYROSINE KINASE; BIVALVE MOLLUSK; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION (1)
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- HUMBOLDT CURRENT SYSTEM; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; MODEL; TRANSPORT; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR (1)
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- Hematopoietic-Necrosis-Virus; Spot-Syndrome-Virus; Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus; Trout Oncorhynchus-mykiss; Mareks-Disease Virus; Gyrodactylus-salaris Malmberg; Penaeus litopenaeus vannamei; Bacterial Kidney-Disease; Emerging Viral Diseases; Wild Atlantic Salmon (1)
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- Lionfish; Reef fish; Invasive species; Gulf of Mexico (1)
- MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; PREDICTION; FILTERS; STORMS (1)
- MARINE FAUNA; CRAB POTS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; TRAPS; WATERS; MORTALITY; VIRGINIA; BEHAVIOR (1)
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- Megagrazers (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Accelerating Tropicalization And The Transformation Of Temperate Seagrass Meadows, Glenn A. Hyndes, Kenneth L. Heck Jr., Et Al, R J. Orth
Accelerating Tropicalization And The Transformation Of Temperate Seagrass Meadows, Glenn A. Hyndes, Kenneth L. Heck Jr., Et Al, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Climate-driven changes are altering production and functioning of biotic assemblages in terrestrial and aquatic environments. In temperate coastal waters, rising sea temperatures, warm water anomalies and poleward shifts in the distribution of tropical herbivores have had a detrimental effect on algal forests. We develop generalized scenarios of this form of tropicalization and its potential effects on the structure and functioning of globally significant and threatened seagrass ecosystems, through poleward shifts in tropical seagrasses and herbivores. Initially, we expect tropical herbivorous fishes to establish in temperate seagrass meadows, followed later by megafauna. Tropical seagrasses are likely to establish later, delayed by …
Microbial Nitrogen Processing In Hard Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) Aquaculture Sediments: The Relative Importance Of Denitrification And Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra), Ae Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Ar Smyth, Bk Song, Mark Luckenbach
Microbial Nitrogen Processing In Hard Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) Aquaculture Sediments: The Relative Importance Of Denitrification And Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra), Ae Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Ar Smyth, Bk Song, Mark Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
As bivalve aquaculture expands worldwide, an understanding of its role in nutrient cycling is necessary to ensure ecological sustainability and determine the potential of using bivalves for nutrient mitigation. Whereas several studies, primarily of epifaunal bivalves, have assessed denitrification, few have considered nutrient regeneration processes such as dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), which competes with denitrification for nitrate and results in nitrogen retention rather than loss. This study compares sediment nitrogen cycling including mineralization, DNRA, and denitrification within U.S. clam aquaculture sediments to nearby uncultivated sediments, seasonally. Clam aquaculture significantly increased sediment ammonium and phosphate effluxes relative to uncultivated …
Tracking A Marine Ecotourism Star: Movements Of The Short Ocean Sunfish Mola Ramsayi In Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia, Tierney Thys, John P. Ryan, Kevin C. Weng, Mark Erdmann, Joeharnani Tresnati
Tracking A Marine Ecotourism Star: Movements Of The Short Ocean Sunfish Mola Ramsayi In Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia, Tierney Thys, John P. Ryan, Kevin C. Weng, Mark Erdmann, Joeharnani Tresnati
VIMS Articles
Ocean sunfishes, Molidae, comprise the world’s heaviest bony fishes. They include the short mola, Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), an important tourist draw at Nusa Penida and Nusa Lembongan, Bali, where SCUBA divers can observe ectoparasite-laden individuals being cleaned by smaller reef fishes. Despite widespread appeal, little is known about these fishes relative to regional oceanography. We present the first behavioral information for this species anywhere in the world. Satellite tag data indicate a wide thermal range (10–27.5°C) with depth occupation mostly (95%) in the upper 250 m and habitat preference near the bottom of the warm surface layer. One tag …
The Demographic Consequences Of Growing Older And Bigger In Oyster Populations, Jl Moore, Rom Lipcius, B Puckettt, Sj Schrieber
The Demographic Consequences Of Growing Older And Bigger In Oyster Populations, Jl Moore, Rom Lipcius, B Puckettt, Sj Schrieber
VIMS Articles
Structured population models, particularly size-or age-structured, have a long history of informing conservation and natural resource management. While size is often easier to measure than age and is the focus of many management strategies, age-structure can have important effects on population dynamics that are not captured in size-only models. However, relatively few studies have included the simultaneous effects of both age-and size-structure. To better understand how population structure, particularly that of age and size, impacts restoration and management decisions, we developed and compared a size-structured integral projection model (IPM) and an age-and size-structured IPM, using a population of Crassostrea gigas …
Nitrogen Sources And Net Growth Efficiency Of Zooplankton In Three Amazon River Plume Food Webs, Natalie Loick-Wilde, Sarah C. Weber, Brandon J. Condon, Douglas G. Capone, Victoria J. Coles, Patricia M. Medeiros, Deborah K. Steinberg, Joseph P. Montoya
Nitrogen Sources And Net Growth Efficiency Of Zooplankton In Three Amazon River Plume Food Webs, Natalie Loick-Wilde, Sarah C. Weber, Brandon J. Condon, Douglas G. Capone, Victoria J. Coles, Patricia M. Medeiros, Deborah K. Steinberg, Joseph P. Montoya
VIMS Articles
The plasticity of nitrogen specific net growth efficiency (NGE) in marine mesozooplankton is currently unresolved, with discordant lines of evidence suggesting that NGE is constant, or that it varies with nitrogen source, food availability, and food quality in marine ecosystems. Specifically, the fate of nitrogen from nitrogen fixation is poorly known. We use 15N : 14N ratios in plankton in combination with hydrological data, nutrient profiles, and nitrogen fixation rate measurements to investigate the relationship between new nitrogen sources and the nitrogen specific NGE in three plankton communities along the outer Amazon River plume. The NGE of small …
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fluxes In The Middle Atlantic Bight: An Integrated Approach Based On Satellite Data And Ocean Model Products, Antonio Mannino, Sergio R. Signorini, Michael Novak, John Wilkin, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fluxes In The Middle Atlantic Bight: An Integrated Approach Based On Satellite Data And Ocean Model Products, Antonio Mannino, Sergio R. Signorini, Michael Novak, John Wilkin, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar
VIMS Articles
Continental margins play an important role in global carbon cycle, accounting for 15-21% of the global marine primary production. Since carbon fluxes across continental margins from land to the open ocean are not well constrained, we undertook a study to develop satellite algorithms to retrieve dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and combined these satellite data with physical circulation model products to quantify the shelf boundary fluxes of DOC for the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). Satellite DOC was computed through seasonal relationships of DOC with colored dissolved organic matter absorption coefficients, which were derived from an extensive set of in situ …
Oyster Planting Protocols To Deter Losses To Cownose Ray Predation, Roger L. Mann, Melissa Southworth, Robert A. Fisher, James A. Wesson, A. J. Erskine, T Leggett
Oyster Planting Protocols To Deter Losses To Cownose Ray Predation, Roger L. Mann, Melissa Southworth, Robert A. Fisher, James A. Wesson, A. J. Erskine, T Leggett
VIMS Articles
The utility of shell overlays to oyster (Crassostrea virginica) plantings as a cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) predator deterrence mechanism was examined. Typical industry practice of oyster seed planting was followed in an experimental design employing treatment areas of 0.5-1.0 acre (0.2-0.4 hectare). Areas were prepared in the Lower Machodoc Creek, Virginia, by the initial application of shell to insure a stable substrate under planted seed oysters. Seed oysters were planted using standard industry methods. Experimental areas were located, two upstream and two downstream, of a constriction in the Lower Machodoc that dictated differing physical environments in the respective locations with …
Moving Forward 21st Century Pathways To Strengthen The Ocean Science Workforce Through Graduate Education And Professional Development, Linda C. Schaffner, T. W. Hartley, J. G. Saunders
Moving Forward 21st Century Pathways To Strengthen The Ocean Science Workforce Through Graduate Education And Professional Development, Linda C. Schaffner, T. W. Hartley, J. G. Saunders
VIMS Articles
The scope of emerging national and international ocean-related issues facing society demands that we develop broad perspectives on graduate education and training in the ocean sciences. A multifaceted ocean workforce and new kinds of intellectual partnerships are needed to address ocean science research priorities, strengthen our understanding of coupled human-natural ocean systems, engage and inform public policy and management decision making, and increase ocean literacy. Alumni from graduate programs in ocean sciences are following diverse career paths in academia, government, nongovernmental organizations, and industry, and thus can inform us about the diverse skills needed to succeed. The ocean science academic …
Influence Of Reservoir Infill On Coastal Deep Water Hypoxia, Lewis C. Linker, Richard A. Batiuk, Carl F. Cerco, Gary W. Shenk, Richard Tian, Ping Wang, Guido Yactayo
Influence Of Reservoir Infill On Coastal Deep Water Hypoxia, Lewis C. Linker, Richard A. Batiuk, Carl F. Cerco, Gary W. Shenk, Richard Tian, Ping Wang, Guido Yactayo
VIMS Articles
Ecological restoration of the Chesapeake through the Chesapeake Bay total maximum daily load (TMDL) requires the reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads in the Chesapeake watershed because of the tidal water quality impairments and damage to living resources they cause. Within the Chesapeake watershed, the Conowingo Reservoir has been filling in with sediment for almost a century and is now in a state of near‐full capacity called dynamic equilibrium. The development of the Chesapeake TMDL in 2010 was with the assumption that the Conowingo Reservoir was still effectively trapping sediment and nutrients. This is now known not to …
Chemical Formation Of Hybrid Di-Nitrogen Calls Fungal Codenitrification Into Question, Rebecca L. Phillips, Bk Song, Andrew M. S. Mcmillan, Gwen Grelet, Bevan S. Weir, Thilak Palmada, Craig Tobias
Chemical Formation Of Hybrid Di-Nitrogen Calls Fungal Codenitrification Into Question, Rebecca L. Phillips, Bk Song, Andrew M. S. Mcmillan, Gwen Grelet, Bevan S. Weir, Thilak Palmada, Craig Tobias
VIMS Articles
Removal of excess nitrogen (N) can best be achieved through denitrification processes that transform N in water and terrestrial ecosystems to di-nitrogen (N-2) gas. The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered an intermediate or end-product in denitrification pathways. Both abiotic and biotic denitrification processes use a single N source to form N2O. However, N-2 can be formed from two distinct N sources (known as hybrid N-2) through biologically mediated processes of anammox and codenitrification. We questioned if hybrid N-2 produced during fungal incubation at neutral pH could be attributed to abiotic nitrosation and if N2O was consumed during N-2 …
The Nature Of Organic Carbon In Density-Fractionated Sediments In The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (California), S. G. Wakeham, Elizabeth A. Canuel
The Nature Of Organic Carbon In Density-Fractionated Sediments In The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (California), S. G. Wakeham, Elizabeth A. Canuel
VIMS Articles
Rivers are the primary means by which sediments and carbon are transported from the terrestrial biosphere to the oceans but gaps remain in our understanding of carbon associations from source to sink. Bed sediments from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (CA) were fractionated according to density and analyzed for sediment mass distribution, elemental (C and N) composition, mineral surface area, and stable carbon and radiocarbon isotope compositions of organic carbon (OC) and fatty acids to evaluate the nature of organic carbon in river sediments. OC was unevenly distributed among density fractions. Mass and OC were in general concentrated in mesodensity …
Responses Of Antarctic Marine And Freshwater Ecosystems To Changing Ice Conditions, Mk Obryk, Pt Doran, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg, Hw Ducklow
Responses Of Antarctic Marine And Freshwater Ecosystems To Changing Ice Conditions, Mk Obryk, Pt Doran, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg, Hw Ducklow
VIMS Articles
Polar regions are warming more rapidly than lower latitudes, and climate models predict that this trend will continue into the coming decades. Despite these observations and predictions, relatively little is known about how polar ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to this change. Two Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, located in contrasting environments in Antarctica, have been studying marine and aquatic terrestrial ecosystems for more than two decades. We use data from these research areas to show that the extent and thickness of ice covers are highly sensitive to short- and long-term climate variation and that this variation …
Themed Issue Article: Conservation Physiology Of Marine Fishes Fisheries Conservation On The High Seas: Linking Conservation Physiology And Fisheries Ecology For The Management Of Large Pelagic Fishes, Andrij Z. Horodysky, Steven J. Cooke, John Graves, Richard Brill
Themed Issue Article: Conservation Physiology Of Marine Fishes Fisheries Conservation On The High Seas: Linking Conservation Physiology And Fisheries Ecology For The Management Of Large Pelagic Fishes, Andrij Z. Horodysky, Steven J. Cooke, John Graves, Richard Brill
VIMS Articles
Populations of tunas, billfishes and pelagic sharks are fished at or over capacity in many regions of the world. They are captured by directed commercial and recreational fisheries (the latter of which often promote catch and release) or as incidental catch or bycatch in commercial fisheries. Population assessments of pelagic fishes typically incorporate catch-per-unit-effort time-series data from commercial and recreational fisheries; however, there have been notable changes in target species, areas fished and depth-specific gear deployments over the years that may have affected catchability. Some regional fisheries management organizations take into account the effects of time-and area-specific changes in the …
Short-Term Habitat Use Of Juvenile Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, Benjamin J. Marcek, Mary C. Fabrizio, John Graves
Short-Term Habitat Use Of Juvenile Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, Benjamin J. Marcek, Mary C. Fabrizio, John Graves
VIMS Articles
Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus are highly sought after in commercial and recreational fisheries along the East Coast of North America. To appropriately assess and manage Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ABT), it is necessary to understand their habitat use during multiple ontogenetic stages. We tagged 17 juvenile ABT in the northwest Atlantic Ocean with pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) to determine environmental factors that may affect habitat use. The PSATs were deployed off the coast of Massachusetts in August and September 2012. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to determine factors affecting the mean depth occupied by fish, and beta regression …
The Kinome Of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas, Its Expression During Development And In Response To Environmental Factors, Yanouk Epelboin, Laure Quintric, Eric Guevelou, Pierre Boudry, Vianney Pichereau, Charlotte Corporeau
The Kinome Of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas, Its Expression During Development And In Response To Environmental Factors, Yanouk Epelboin, Laure Quintric, Eric Guevelou, Pierre Boudry, Vianney Pichereau, Charlotte Corporeau
VIMS Articles
Oysters play an important role in estuarine and coastal marine habitats, where the majority of humans live. In these ecosystems, environmental degradation is substantial, and oysters must cope with highly dynamic and stressful environmental constraints during their lives in the intertidal zone. The availability of the genome sequence of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas represents a unique opportunity for a comprehensive assessment of the signal transduction pathways that the species has developed to deal with this unique habitat. We performed an in silico analysis to identify, annotate and classify protein kinases in C. gigas, according to their kinase domain taxonomy …
Potential Drivers Of Virulence Evolution In Aquaculture, David A. Kennedy, Gael Kurath, Ilana L. Brito, Maureen K. Purcell, Andrew F. Read, James R. Winton, Ar Wargo
Potential Drivers Of Virulence Evolution In Aquaculture, David A. Kennedy, Gael Kurath, Ilana L. Brito, Maureen K. Purcell, Andrew F. Read, James R. Winton, Ar Wargo
VIMS Articles
Infectious diseases are economically detrimental to aquaculture, and with continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture, the importance of managing infectious diseases will likely increase in the future. Here, we use evolution of virulence theory, along with examples, to identify aquaculture practices that might lead to the evolution of increased pathogen virulence. We identify eight practices common in aquaculture that theory predicts may favor evolution toward higher pathogen virulence. Four are related to intensive aquaculture operations, and four others are related specifically to infectious disease control. Our intention is to make aquaculture managers aware of these risks, such that with increased …
Why Biodiversity Is Important To The Functioning Of Real-World Ecosystems, Da Siegel, Ko Buessler, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg
Why Biodiversity Is Important To The Functioning Of Real-World Ecosystems, Da Siegel, Ko Buessler, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as …
Foundation Species Identity And Trophic Complexity Affect Experimental Seagrass Communities, Althea F. P. Moore, J. Emmett Duffy
Foundation Species Identity And Trophic Complexity Affect Experimental Seagrass Communities, Althea F. P. Moore, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
The abundance and species composition of marine foundation species is changing due to range expansion or contraction, with potentially important ecosystem-level consequences. In Chesapeake Bay, USA, warming is likely to favor the more heat and stress-tolerant Ruppia maritima (widgeongrass) over Zostera marina (eelgrass). Because of the key role of seagrasses in providing habitat and trophic support, it is important to determine whether the more stress-tolerant seagrass provides similar ecological functions to the species it may replace. We addressed how trophic control differs between communities associated with the 2 seagrass species in a mesocosm experiment. Grazing of epiphytic algae can benefit …
Seasonal Shifts In The Movement And Distribution Of Green Sea Turtles Chelonia Mydas In Response To Anthropogenically Altered Water Temperatures, Daniel P. Crear, Daniel D. Lawson, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, Et Al
Seasonal Shifts In The Movement And Distribution Of Green Sea Turtles Chelonia Mydas In Response To Anthropogenically Altered Water Temperatures, Daniel P. Crear, Daniel D. Lawson, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Anthropogenically altered water temperatures (AAWT) have the potential to affect the movement and distribution of marine ectothermic species. Green sea turtles (GSTs) Chelonia mydas are an ectothermic species observed inhabiting 2 sites with AAWT at the northern point of their geographical range in the eastern Pacific. An acoustic receiver array was deployed with temperature loggers at the San Gabriel River, Long Beach, CA, where 2 power plants discharge warm water into the river, and at the 7th St. Basin, Seal Beach, CA, a dredged shallow basin with warmer water compared to surrounding coastal habitats during the summer months. Juvenile GSTs …
Vertical Movements Of Shortfin Mako Sharks Isurus Oxyrinchus In The Western North Atlantic Ocean Are Strongly Influenced By Temperature, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Anthony D. Wood, Kevin C. Weng, Et Al
Vertical Movements Of Shortfin Mako Sharks Isurus Oxyrinchus In The Western North Atlantic Ocean Are Strongly Influenced By Temperature, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Anthony D. Wood, Kevin C. Weng, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Although shortfin mako sharks Isurus oxyrinchus are regularly encountered in pelagic fisheries, limited information is available on their vertical distribution and is primarily restricted to cooler areas of their geographic range. We investigated the vertical movements of mako sharks across differing temperature regimes within the western North Atlantic by tagging 8 individuals with pop-up satellite archival tags off the northeastern United States and the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Depth and temperature records across 587 d showed vertical movements strongly associated with ocean temperature. Temperatures150 m compared to only 1% in the coldest water columns. The sharks showed diel diving behavior, with …
Out Of The Tower And Into The Classroom Or How Classroom Partnerships Give Marine Science Grad Students An Edge, Carol Hopper Brill
Out Of The Tower And Into The Classroom Or How Classroom Partnerships Give Marine Science Grad Students An Edge, Carol Hopper Brill
VIMS Articles
Ocean science graduate students face a challenge. They must prepare for two careers: research scientist and communication specialist. Successful researchers have to be creative, innovative, and competitive within their disciplines in order to promote their work and build collaborations among their peers. But, the higher stakes surrounding current environmental concerns, shifting public perceptions of science, and growing emphasis on broader impacts mean that scientists also have to be effective communicators, able to explain the value of their research to a wide audience. How do we effectively give graduate students an edge in preparing for this dual role?
Critical Assessment And Ramifications Of A Purported Marine Trophic Cascade, R. Dean Grubbs, John K. Carleson, Jason G. Romine, Tobey H. Curtis, W. David Mcelroy, Camilla T. Candless, Charles F. Cotton, John A. Musick
Critical Assessment And Ramifications Of A Purported Marine Trophic Cascade, R. Dean Grubbs, John K. Carleson, Jason G. Romine, Tobey H. Curtis, W. David Mcelroy, Camilla T. Candless, Charles F. Cotton, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
When identifying potential trophic cascades, it is important to clearly establish the trophic linkages between predators and prey with respect to temporal abundance, demographics, distribution, and diet. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the depletion of large coastal sharks was thought to trigger a trophic cascade whereby predation release resulted in increased cownose ray abundance, which then caused increased predation on and subsequent collapse of commercial bivalve stocks. These claims were used to justify the development of a predator-control fishery for cownose rays, the “Save the Bay, Eat a Ray” fishery, to reduce predation on commercial bivalves. A reexamination of data …
Experimental Assessment Of Lionfish Removals To Mitigate Reef Fish Community Shifts On Northern Gulf Of Mexico Artificial Reefs, Kristen A. Dahl, William F. Patterson, Richard A. Snyder
Experimental Assessment Of Lionfish Removals To Mitigate Reef Fish Community Shifts On Northern Gulf Of Mexico Artificial Reefs, Kristen A. Dahl, William F. Patterson, Richard A. Snyder
VIMS Articles
Substantial declines in reef fishes were observed at northern Gulf of Mexico artificial reef sites between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012, a period that bracketed the appearance of invasive lionfish in this ecosystem. Small demersal reef fishes, the predominant prey of lionfish in other systems, displayed the greatest declines. However, a confounding factor during this time was the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) in summer 2010. In some areas, targeted lionfish removals have been demonstrated to mitigate negative effects on native fishes. Therefore, we conducted a 2 yr experiment to examine the effectiveness and ecological benefits of targeted lionfish removals at artificial …
Embryonic Development And A Quantitative Model Of Programmed Dna Elimination In Mesocyclops Edax (S. A. ) (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), Mk Clower, As Holub, Rt Smith, Ga Wyngaard
Embryonic Development And A Quantitative Model Of Programmed Dna Elimination In Mesocyclops Edax (S. A. ) (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), Mk Clower, As Holub, Rt Smith, Ga Wyngaard
VIMS Articles
The highly programmed fragmentation of chromosomes and elimination of large amounts of nuclear DNA from the presomatic cell lineages (i.e., chromatin diminution), occurs in the embryos of the freshwater zooplankton Mesocyclops edax (S. A. Forbes, 1891) (Crustacea: Copepoda). The somatic genome is reorganized and reduced to a size five times smaller even though the germline genome remains intact. We present the first comprehensive, quantitative model of DNA content throughout embryogenesis in a copepod that possesses embryonic DNA elimination. We used densitometric image analysis to measure the DNA content of polar bodies, germline and somatic nuclei, and excised DNA “droplets.” …
Prediction Of The Export And Fate Of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The Exports Science Plan, Da Siegel, Ko Buesseler, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg
Prediction Of The Export And Fate Of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The Exports Science Plan, Da Siegel, Ko Buesseler, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as …
A Carbon Budget For The Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica: Estimating Net Community Production And Export In A Highly Productive Polar Ecosystem, Pl Yager, Rm Sherrell, Et Al, Rachel E. Sipler, Et Al
A Carbon Budget For The Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica: Estimating Net Community Production And Export In A Highly Productive Polar Ecosystem, Pl Yager, Rm Sherrell, Et Al, Rachel E. Sipler, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Polynyas, or recurring areas of seasonally open water surrounded by sea ice, are foci for energy and material transfer between the atmosphere and the polar ocean. They are also climate sensitive, with both sea ice extent and glacial melt influencing their productivity. The Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) is the greenest polynya in the Southern Ocean, with summertime chlorophyll a concentrations exceeding 20 μg L−1. During the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE) in austral summer 2010–11, we aimed to determine the fate of this high algal productivity. We collected water column profiles for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and …
Faunal Communities Are Invariant To Fragmentation In Experimental Seagrass Landscapes, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Scott R. Marion, Alfonso V. Lombana, R J. Orth
Faunal Communities Are Invariant To Fragmentation In Experimental Seagrass Landscapes, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Scott R. Marion, Alfonso V. Lombana, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Human-driven habitat fragmentation is cited as one of the most pressing threats facing many coastal ecosystems today. Many experiments have explored the consequences of fragmentation on fauna in one foundational habitat, seagrass beds, but have either surveyed along a gradient of existing patchiness, used artificial materials to mimic a natural bed, or sampled over short timescales. Here, we describe faunal responses to constructed fragmented landscapes varying from 4-400 m(2) in two transplant garden experiments incorporating live eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). In experiments replicated within two subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA across multiple seasons and non-consecutive years, we comprehensively censused …
Optimal Hurricane Overwash Thickness For Maximizing Marsh Resilience To Sea Level Rise, David C. Walters, Matthew L. Kirwan
Optimal Hurricane Overwash Thickness For Maximizing Marsh Resilience To Sea Level Rise, David C. Walters, Matthew L. Kirwan
VIMS Articles
The interplay between storms and sea level rise, and between ecology and sediment transport governs the behavior of rapidly evolving coastal ecosystems such as marshes and barrier islands. Sediment deposition during hurricanes is thought to increase the resilience of salt marshes to sea level rise by increasing soil elevation and vegetation productivity. We use mesocosms to simulate burial of Spartina alterniflora during hurricane-induced overwash events of various thickness (0-60 cm), and find that adventitious root growth within the overwash sediment layer increases total biomass by up to 120%. In contrast to most previous work illustrating a simple positive relationship between …
Data-Limited Population-Status Evaluation Of Two Coastal Fishes In Southern Angola Using Recreational Catch Length-Frequency Data, Jennifer Beckensteiner, David M. Kaplan, Warren M. Potts, Carmen V. Santos, Michael R. O'Farrell
Data-Limited Population-Status Evaluation Of Two Coastal Fishes In Southern Angola Using Recreational Catch Length-Frequency Data, Jennifer Beckensteiner, David M. Kaplan, Warren M. Potts, Carmen V. Santos, Michael R. O'Farrell
VIMS Articles
Excessive truncation of a population's size structure is often identified as an important deleterious effect of exploitation, yet the effect on population persistence of size-structure truncation caused by exploitation is often not quantified due to data limitations. In this study, we estimate changes in eggs per recruit (EPR)using annual length-frequency samples over a 9 year period to assess persistence of the two most important recreational fishes in southern Angola: west coast dusky kob (Argyrosomus coronus) and leerfish (Lichia amia). Using a length-and age-structured model, we improve on an existing method to fit this type of model to length-frequency data and …
The Dilemma Of Derelict Gear, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
The Dilemma Of Derelict Gear, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
VIMS Articles
Every year, millions of pots and traps are lost in crustacean fisheries around the world. Derelict fishing gear has been found to produce several harmful environmental and ecological effects, however socioeconomic consequences have been investigated less frequently. We analyze the economic effects of a substantial derelict pot removal program in the largest estuary of the United States, the Chesapeake Bay. By combining spatially resolved data on derelict pot removals with commercial blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) harvests and effort, we show that removing 34,408 derelict pots led to significant gains in gear efficiency and an additional 13,504 MT in harvest valued …