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Articles 31 - 60 of 855
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Using Forward And Backward Particle Tracking Approaches To Analyze Impacts Of A Water Intake On Ichthyoplankton Mortality In The Appomattox River, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Troy D. Tuckey, Xun Cai, Jilian Xiong
Using Forward And Backward Particle Tracking Approaches To Analyze Impacts Of A Water Intake On Ichthyoplankton Mortality In The Appomattox River, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Troy D. Tuckey, Xun Cai, Jilian Xiong
VIMS Articles
Municipal intakes of surface water have various uses, and their impacts on the aquatic environment and ecosystem, such as the impingement and entrainment of ichthyoplankton, are a major concern. A robust assessment of the intake impacts on ichthyoplankton in a system generally requires modeling efforts that can simulate the transport and dispersal pathways of the ichthyoplankton. However, it is challenging to simulate hydrodynamics with a high‐resolution grid at the
scale needed for intake screen sizes in a large system. In this study, a 3D unstructured grid model with a fine resolution grid (<1 >m) was developed to investigate potential impacts …
Editorial: Habitat And Distribution Models Of Marine And Estuarine Species: Advances For A Sustainable Future, Mary C. Fabrizio, Mark Henderson, Kenneth Rose, Pierre Petitgas
Editorial: Habitat And Distribution Models Of Marine And Estuarine Species: Advances For A Sustainable Future, Mary C. Fabrizio, Mark Henderson, Kenneth Rose, Pierre Petitgas
VIMS Articles
The physical and biological characterization of suitable habitats and species-specific models to estimate their extent are valuable for conservation and fisheries management. As exploited species and habitats face challenges from anthropogenic influences, such as fishing and climate change, the identification and protection of habitats becomes increasingly important. Most of the papers within this special topic issue used some form of species distribution model (SDM) to identify habitats used by fishes (Asch et al.; Crear et al.; Fabrizio et al.; Freidland et al.; Zydlewski et al.), marine mammals (Astarloa et al.), nearshore invertebrates (Cristiani et al.; Behan et al.), or deep-sea …
How Consistent Is The Advice From Stock Assessments? Empirical Estimates Of Inter-Assessment Bias And Uncertainty For Marine Fish And Invertebrate Stocks, Rujia Bi, Chip Collier, Roger L. Mann, Et Al
How Consistent Is The Advice From Stock Assessments? Empirical Estimates Of Inter-Assessment Bias And Uncertainty For Marine Fish And Invertebrate Stocks, Rujia Bi, Chip Collier, Roger L. Mann, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Fishery management frequently involves precautionary buffering for scientific uncertainty. For example, a precautionary buffer that scales with scientific uncertainty is used to calculate the acceptable biological catch downward from the overfishing limit in the US federal fishery management system. However, there is little empirical guidance to suggest how large buffers for scientific uncertainty should be. One important component of uncertainty is variation among different assessments of the same stock in estimates of management-relevant quantities. We analysed commercially exploited marine fish and invertebrate stocks around the world and developed Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify inter-assessment variation in terminal year biomass and …
Skeletal Ontogeny Of The Plainfin Midshipman, Porichthys Notatus (Percomorphacea: Batrachoidiformes, Diego F. B. Vaz, Eric J. Hilton
Skeletal Ontogeny Of The Plainfin Midshipman, Porichthys Notatus (Percomorphacea: Batrachoidiformes, Diego F. B. Vaz, Eric J. Hilton
VIMS Articles
Batrachoidiformes are benthic fishes that utilize the undersides of rocks as spawn- ing nests. Their larvae are attached to the nest and nourished by a large yolk sac. The evolutionary shift from feeding, free-swimming larvae to sedentary larvae that are reliant on their yolk sac for nutrition can lead to changes in skeletal develop- ment. Batrachoidiformes also have many morphological specializations, such as five pectoral-fin radials (versus four in other acanthomorphs) that are of uncertain homol- ogy, the determination of which may have phylogenetic implications. A larval series of Porichthys notatus was collected and its skeletal ontogeny is described. In …
Biological Responses Of The Predatory Blue Crab And Its Hard Clam Prey To Ocean Acidification And Low Salinity, Katherine S. Longmire, Rochelle D. Seitz, Michael S. Seebo, Richard Brill, Rom Lipcius
Biological Responses Of The Predatory Blue Crab And Its Hard Clam Prey To Ocean Acidification And Low Salinity, Katherine S. Longmire, Rochelle D. Seitz, Michael S. Seebo, Richard Brill, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
How ocean acidification (OA) interacts with other stressors is understudied, particularly for predators and prey. We assessed long-term exposure to decreased pH and low salinity on (1) juvenile blue crab Callinectes sapidus claw pinch force, (2) juvenile hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria survival, growth, and shell structure, and (3) blue crab and hard clam interactions in filmed mesocosm trials. In 2018 and 2019, we held crabs and clams from the Chesapeake Bay, USA, in crossed pH (low: 7.0, high: 8.0) and salinity (low: 15, high: 30) treatments for 11 and 10 wk, respectively. Afterwards, we assessed crab claw pinch force and …
Preferences For Derelict Gear Mitigation Strategies By Commercial Fishers, James A. Delbene, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna Marie Bilkovic
Preferences For Derelict Gear Mitigation Strategies By Commercial Fishers, James A. Delbene, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna Marie Bilkovic
VIMS Articles
Local, national, and international efforts to address the issue of derelict fishing gear are often limited by resources and costs. Managers and policymakers have implemented various preventative, impact reducing, and curative measures to decrease derelict fishing gear abundance and impacts, but stakeholder support is essential for success. To identify stakeholder preferences and the most efficient measures to address the issue of derelict blue crab pots in Chesapeake Bay, we distributed a stated preference survey with a discrete choice experiment to 1,032 licensed commercial fishers in Virginia and received a 42% response rate. The choice experiment consisted of hypothetical scenarios with …
Community Dynamics Under Environmental Extremes: Coastal Plain Wet Prairie In A Natural State And Under Restoration, Cinnamon M. Dixon, Kerry E. Flaherty-Walia, Richard A. Snyder
Community Dynamics Under Environmental Extremes: Coastal Plain Wet Prairie In A Natural State And Under Restoration, Cinnamon M. Dixon, Kerry E. Flaherty-Walia, Richard A. Snyder
VIMS Articles
Ecological restoration is increasingly employed to restore degraded or destroyed ecosystems and evaluation of restoration success requires that natural community dynamics be understood. Wet prairies in the Southeast US have diverse plant communities subject to disturbances including fire, drought, flooding, tropical storms, and freezes. This habitat covers a fraction of its former range and reversing that trend requires ecological restoration; but, long-term data on the dynamics of this system are rare. We analyzed a 12-year plant community composition dataset from a fire-maintained Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain wet prairie to characterize plant community dynamics and identify indicator species. The site …
The Path To An Ecosystem Approach For Forage Fish Management: A Case Study Of Atlantic Menhaden, Kristen A. Anstead, Katie Drew, David Chagaris, (...), Robert J. Latour, Et Al
The Path To An Ecosystem Approach For Forage Fish Management: A Case Study Of Atlantic Menhaden, Kristen A. Anstead, Katie Drew, David Chagaris, (...), Robert J. Latour, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) support the largest fishery by volume on the United States East Coast, while also playing an important role as a forage species. Managers’ and stakeholders’ increasing concerns about the impact of Atlantic menhaden harvest on ecosystem processes led to an evolution in the assessment and management of this species from a purely single-species approach to an ecosystem approach. The first coastwide stock assessment of Atlantic menhaden for management used a single-species virtual population analysis (VPA). Subsequent assessments used a forward projecting statistical catch-at-age framework that incorporated estimates of predation mortality from a multispecies VPA …
The Effects Of Scallop Dredge Fishing Practices On Physical, Behavioral, And Physiological Stress In Discarded Yellowtail Flounder, Windowpane, And Fourspot Flounder, Brooke N. Anderson, Amelia Weissman, John Mandelman, David B. Rudders, James A. Sulikowski
The Effects Of Scallop Dredge Fishing Practices On Physical, Behavioral, And Physiological Stress In Discarded Yellowtail Flounder, Windowpane, And Fourspot Flounder, Brooke N. Anderson, Amelia Weissman, John Mandelman, David B. Rudders, James A. Sulikowski
VIMS Articles
The Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus dredge fishery is one of the most lucrative commercial fishing industries in the northeastern United States, and fish bycatch can comprise up to ~42% of the total catch. Benthic species, such as flatfish, are particularly susceptible to unintended capture in scallop dredge gear, and mitigating bycatch and associated mortality has been mandated a priority for fisheries management. Based on this management need, the present study evaluated the physical, physiological, and behavioral stress responses of Yellowtail Flounder Limanda ferruginea, Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus, and Fourspot Flounder Paralichthys oblongus to capture in the scallop dredge …
Evaluating Optimal Removal Of Derelict Blue Crab Pots In Virginia, Us, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
Evaluating Optimal Removal Of Derelict Blue Crab Pots In Virginia, Us, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
VIMS Articles
Derelict fishing gear is a growing concern in many fisheries and coastal communities. Pots and traps are prevalent forms of derelict fishing gear with numerous documented harmful effects. In the Chesapeake Bay, US, a large blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) pot fishery produces high levels of derelict gear. From 2008 to 2014, 34,408 derelict pots were removed from blue crab fishing areas in Virginia. This research first evaluates whether observed increases in catch rates occurring contemporaneously with the removal program were the result of derelict gear removals. An econometric production model is then used to estimate marginal removal benefits …
Penaeid Shrimp In Chesapeake Bay: Population Growth And Black Gill Disease Syndrome, Troy D. Tuckey, Jillian L. Swinford, Mary C. Fabrizio, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields
Penaeid Shrimp In Chesapeake Bay: Population Growth And Black Gill Disease Syndrome, Troy D. Tuckey, Jillian L. Swinford, Mary C. Fabrizio, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Since 1991, the number of penaeid shrimp occurring in Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay has steadily increased, prompting an interest in developing a fishery. Although development of a shrimp fishery in the Chesapeake Bay region could bring economic benefits, the fishery may be hampered by the presence of a disease syndrome known as shrimp black gill (sBG). The objectives of our study were to (1) describe the spatial distribution and abundance patterns of shrimp in Chesapeake Bay, (2) relate relative abundance of shrimp to habitat characteristics, and (3) determine the presence and seasonality of sBG to better understand disease dynamics …
Perspectives From The Water: Utilizing Fisher’S Observations To Inform Sne/ Ma Windowpane Science And Managemen, Richard J. Bell, M. Conor Mcmanus, Jason Mcnamee, James Gartland, Ben Galuardi, Chris Mcguire
Perspectives From The Water: Utilizing Fisher’S Observations To Inform Sne/ Ma Windowpane Science And Managemen, Richard J. Bell, M. Conor Mcmanus, Jason Mcnamee, James Gartland, Ben Galuardi, Chris Mcguire
VIMS Articles
Within fisheries, stakeholders often have varying viewpoints regarding natural marine resources, and use different sets information to evaluate their condition. Evaluating a resource with different sets of information can lead to different conclusions. Windowpane flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus) are a managed finfish species in the northwest Atlantic whose regulations have the potential to limit harvest opportunities for target species. We analyzed commercial trip and catch information from video data to understand local densities of windowpane flounder in conjunction with fisheries independent surveys. Video monitoring data from three Rhode Island commercial fisher’s vessels and fisheries independent trawl survey data were analyzed to …
Saved By The Shell: Oyster Reefs Can Shield Juvenile Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus, Katherine S. Longmire, Rochelle D. Seitz, Alison Smith, Romuald N. Lipcius
Saved By The Shell: Oyster Reefs Can Shield Juvenile Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus, Katherine S. Longmire, Rochelle D. Seitz, Alison Smith, Romuald N. Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus use seagrass and other structured habitats as refuges from predation. Oyster reef habitats provide structural complexity that may offer refuge, but the value of these habitats for juvenile blue crabs has not been examined. We quantified survival of juvenile C. sapidus in structured oyster reef habitat versus unstructured soft-bottom habitat. In a field tethering experiment in the York River, lower Chesapeake Bay (USA), juvenile C.sapidus (10−50 mm carapace width [CW]) were tethered in sand (n = 40) or oyster reef (n = 39)habitats at subtidal sites 1−2 m deep. An underwater camera system was used …
Methods For Identifying Species Complexes Using A Novel Suite Of Multivariate Approaches And Multiple Data Sources: A Case Study With Gulf Of Alaska Rockfish, Kristen L. Omori, Cindy A. Tribuzo, Elizabeth A. Babcock, John M. Hoenig
Methods For Identifying Species Complexes Using A Novel Suite Of Multivariate Approaches And Multiple Data Sources: A Case Study With Gulf Of Alaska Rockfish, Kristen L. Omori, Cindy A. Tribuzo, Elizabeth A. Babcock, John M. Hoenig
VIMS Articles
International and national laws governing the management of living marine resources generally require specification of harvest limits. To assist with the management of data-limited species, stocks are often grouped into complexes and assessed and managed as a single unit. The species that comprise a complex should have similar life history, susceptibility to the fishing gear, and spatial distribution, such that common management measures will likely lead to sustainable harvest of all species in the complex. However, forming complexes to meet these standards is difficult due to the lack of basic biological or fisheries data to inform estimates of biological vulnerability …
Effect Of Environmental History On The Physiology And Acute Stress Response Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Jill Ashey, Emily B. Rivest
Effect Of Environmental History On The Physiology And Acute Stress Response Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Jill Ashey, Emily B. Rivest
VIMS Articles
Environmental history (regimes of water quality to which an organism has been exposed in the past) may influence how the physiology of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica responds to future environmental conditions caused by climate change. Previous research has examined environmental history in a 1-dimensional framework, failing to capture environmental history complexity through space and time. In this study, we examined environmental history as a multi-faceted parameter, incorporating abiotic water quality components, such as temperature, pH, and salinity, that differ among locations. We also assessed how different lengths of environmental histories, defined as proximal and distal, affected oyster physiology and stress …
Sperm Repository For A Breeding Program Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica: Sample Collection, Processing, Cryopreservation, And Data Management Plan, H. Yang, Y. Huo, J. C. Yee, S. Rickard, W. C. Walton, E. Saillant
Sperm Repository For A Breeding Program Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica: Sample Collection, Processing, Cryopreservation, And Data Management Plan, H. Yang, Y. Huo, J. C. Yee, S. Rickard, W. C. Walton, E. Saillant
VIMS Articles
The Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Family Ostreidae) is one of the most important fishery and aquaculture species in the U.S. and is a keystone species for coastal reefs. A breeding program was initiated in 2019 to support the fast‐growing aquaculture industry culturing this species in the Gulf of Mexico. Oysters from 17 wild populations in embayment along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coast from southwest Florida to the Matagorda Bay, Texas were used as broodstock for the program to maximize genetic diversity in the base population. A sperm repository of the broodstock was established to support the breeding project. The …
Attainability Of Accurate Age Frequencies For Ocean Quahogs (Arctica Islandica) Using Large Datasets: Protocol, Reader Precision, And Error Assessment, Kathleen M. Hemeon, Eric N. Powell, Eric Robillard, Sara M. Pace, Theresa E. Redmond, Roger Mann
Attainability Of Accurate Age Frequencies For Ocean Quahogs (Arctica Islandica) Using Large Datasets: Protocol, Reader Precision, And Error Assessment, Kathleen M. Hemeon, Eric N. Powell, Eric Robillard, Sara M. Pace, Theresa E. Redmond, Roger Mann
VIMS Articles
Ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica) are the longest lived bivalve on Earth. Individuals on the deep continental shelf off Georges Bank can survive for centuries, and in the colder, boreal waters of Iceland, ages over 500 y can be reached. Ocean quahog landings in the United States represent a $24 million industry, yet assessment models operate with no age data because of the substantial sample size required to develop adequate population age distributions for such a long-lived species, the unknown error associated with age estimates, and the extensive time and financial investment required to create production-scale age datasets. Inclusion …
Modeling Oyster Reef Restoration: Larval Supply And Reef Geometry Jointly Determine Population Resilience And Performance, Romuald N. Lipcius, Yi Zhang, Jingyi Zhou, Leah B. Shaw, Junping Shi
Modeling Oyster Reef Restoration: Larval Supply And Reef Geometry Jointly Determine Population Resilience And Performance, Romuald N. Lipcius, Yi Zhang, Jingyi Zhou, Leah B. Shaw, Junping Shi
VIMS Articles
Restoration of native oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations in Chesapeake Bay shows great promise after three decades of failed attempts. Population models used to inform oyster restoration had integrated reef habitat quality, demonstrating that reef height determines oyster population persistence and resilience. Larval recruitment drives population dynamics of marine species, yet its impact with reef height and sediment deposition upon reef restoration is unknown. To assess the influence of reef height, sediment deposition and larval supply, we adapted a single-stage population model to incorporate stage structure using a system of four differential equations modeling change in juvenile density (J), …
Reproductive Characteristics Differ In Two Invasive Populations Of Blue Catfish, Vaskar Nepal, Mary C. Fabrizio
Reproductive Characteristics Differ In Two Invasive Populations Of Blue Catfish, Vaskar Nepal, Mary C. Fabrizio
VIMS Articles
The management of invasive Blue CatfishIctalurus furcatusin Chesapeake Bay tributaries is hindered by the lackof information on its reproductive biology, which is a key component of population models used to forecast abun-dance. We quantified and compared the reproductive traits of female Blue Catfish from two populations from the tidalreaches of the James and York River subestuaries during 2015–2017. In these systems, Blue Catfish matured betweenthe ages of 6 and 10 years and spawned between May and July, with largerfish spawning earlier in the season. Dur-ing spawning events, Blue Catfish produced 2,613–68,356 eggs, with larger and olderfish producing more eggs. Fishin …
Effects Of Food Limitation On Growth, Body Condition And Metabolic Rates Of Non-Native Blue Catfish, Vaskar Nepal, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
Effects Of Food Limitation On Growth, Body Condition And Metabolic Rates Of Non-Native Blue Catfish, Vaskar Nepal, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
VIMS Articles
Establishment and range expansion of non-native species in novel habitats depend on their energetic requirements and food availability. Knowledge of growth and metabolic rates of non-native fishes at various food levels is particularly critical to inform models that assess their invasion potential. We compared growth rates, body condition and metabolic rates of juvenile blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), an invasive species in many lakes, coastal rivers and estuaries throughout the Eastern USA, at three ration levels: ad libitum (3.5% of fish body mass/d), two-third ad libitum and one-third ad libitum. All fish survived the entire duration of the experiment (4 months) …
Aquaculture Reuse Water, Genetic Line, And Vaccination Affect Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Disease Susceptibility And Infection Dynamics, Jeremy L. Everson, Darbi R. Jones, Amy K. Taylor, Barbara J. Rutan, Timothy D. Leeds, Kate E. Langwig, Andrew R. Wargo, Gregory D. Wiens
Aquaculture Reuse Water, Genetic Line, And Vaccination Affect Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Disease Susceptibility And Infection Dynamics, Jeremy L. Everson, Darbi R. Jones, Amy K. Taylor, Barbara J. Rutan, Timothy D. Leeds, Kate E. Langwig, Andrew R. Wargo, Gregory D. Wiens
VIMS Articles
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum are major pathogens of farmed rainbow trout. Improved control strategies are desired but the influence of on-farm environmental factors that lead to disease outbreaks remain poorly understood. Water reuse is an important environmental factor affecting disease. Prior studies have established a replicated outdoor-tank system capable of varying the exposure to reuse water by controlling water flow from commercial trout production raceways. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of constant or pulsed reuse water exposure on survival, pathogen prevalence, and pathogen load. Herein, we compared two commercial lines of …
An Ecosystem Is Not A Monument, And Other Challenges To Fishing In The 21st Century, Roger Mann
An Ecosystem Is Not A Monument, And Other Challenges To Fishing In The 21st Century, Roger Mann
VIMS Articles
The continental shelf of the United States was once the preserve of commercial fishermen. This is no longer the case. The exclusive economic zone is increasingly becoming the focus of other economically powerful, sometimes incompatible uses, including green energy, shipping, communications, mining, military exclusion zones, and conservation regions. These other uses generally have fixed boundaries. The distribution of fished species moves in relation to warming of shelf waters, presenting challenges to both federal regional fishery management councils and industry alike. There is need for continued engagement between user groups with respectful use of guiding science and legal structure to ensure …
Morphological And Mitochondrial Dna Analyses Of Oysters In The Northern Bay Of Bengal, Bangladesh, Mohammed S. N. Chowdhury, Kimberly S. Reece, Sourav S. Joy, Loren D. Coen, Aad C. Smaal
Morphological And Mitochondrial Dna Analyses Of Oysters In The Northern Bay Of Bengal, Bangladesh, Mohammed S. N. Chowdhury, Kimberly S. Reece, Sourav S. Joy, Loren D. Coen, Aad C. Smaal
VIMS Articles
The geographic boundaries of many important habitat-building shallow estuarine oyster (Family Ostreidae) species are poorly understood, especially in subtropical and tropical waters. These keystone species often have extensive historical and extant ranges, in part because of their ability to adapt to diverse environmental conditions and the transfer and introduction of a few species worldwide for aquaculture production. In addition, oysters exhibit morphological plasticity additionally confounding species identification and taxonomy. Molecular techniques have led to significant improvements in oyster systematics and taxonomy but have not been applied to oysters from many tropical regions, including the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean …
The Extent Of Seasonally Suitable Habitats May Limit Forage Fish Production In A Temperate Estuary, Mary C. Fabrizio, Troy D. Tuckey, Aaron J. Bever, Michael L. Macwilliams
The Extent Of Seasonally Suitable Habitats May Limit Forage Fish Production In A Temperate Estuary, Mary C. Fabrizio, Troy D. Tuckey, Aaron J. Bever, Michael L. Macwilliams
VIMS Articles
The sustained production of sufficient forage is critical to advancing ecosystem-based management, yet factors that affect local abundances and habitat conditions necessary to support aggregate forage production remain largely unexplored. We quantified suitable habitat in the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries for four key forage fishes: juvenile spotted hake Urophycis regia, juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus, juvenile weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli. We used information from monthly fisheries surveys from 2000 to 2016 coupled with hindcasts from a spatially interpolated model of dissolved oxygen and a 3-D hydrodynamic model of the Chesapeake Bay …
Environmentally-Determined Production Frontiers And Lease Utilization In Virginia's Eastern Oyster Aquaculture Industry, Jennifer Beckensteiner, Andrew M. Scheld, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, David M. Kaplan
Environmentally-Determined Production Frontiers And Lease Utilization In Virginia's Eastern Oyster Aquaculture Industry, Jennifer Beckensteiner, Andrew M. Scheld, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, David M. Kaplan
VIMS Articles
During the last decade, oyster aquaculture has rebounded in Virginia and has been associated with an increase in subaqueous leased area. Production levels remain historically low, however, and many leases are thought to be underutilized. This study uses a novel approach leveraging high-resolution environmental data to evaluate lease utilization and identify constraints on aquaculture development. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were used to define environmentally-determined production frontiers, i.e. production possibilities based on empirical observations of aquaculture production, available space, and environmental conditions. Both methods estimated Lease Capacity Utilization (LCU, from 0 to 1) for leases producing …
The Case Of The ‘Missing’ Arctic Bivalves And The Walrus: The Biggest [Overlooked] Clam Fishery On The Planet, Roger L. Mann, Eric N. Powell, Daphne M. Munroe
The Case Of The ‘Missing’ Arctic Bivalves And The Walrus: The Biggest [Overlooked] Clam Fishery On The Planet, Roger L. Mann, Eric N. Powell, Daphne M. Munroe
VIMS Articles
Bivalve molluscs represent a significant proportion of the diet of both Atlantic and Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus and Odobenus rosmarus divergens, respectively) and are pivotal to benthic–pelagic coupling and carbonate cycling in the Arctic oceans. The latter is of particular relevance in a period of seasonal ice retreat, freshwater release into associated surface waters, decreasing water pH, and possible undersaturation of Arctic waters with respect to aragonite. Using population estimates and predation rates for the walruses on bivalve molluscs, a conservative estimate of bivalve consumption in the regions of active walruses foraging is 2.0–3.0 3 106 tonnes y–1—a tonnage …
Estimating Shifts In Phenology And Habitat Use Of Cobia In Chesapeake Bay Under Climate Change, Daniel P. Crear, Brian E. Watkins, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Kevin C. Weng
Estimating Shifts In Phenology And Habitat Use Of Cobia In Chesapeake Bay Under Climate Change, Daniel P. Crear, Brian E. Watkins, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Kevin C. Weng
VIMS Articles
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is a large coastal pelagic fish species that represents an important fishery in many coastal Atlantic states of the U.S. They are heavily fished in Virginia when they migrate into Chesapeake Bay during the summer to spawn and feed. These coastal habitats have been subjected to warming and increased hypoxia which in turn could impact the timing of migration and the habitat suitability of Chesapeake Bay. With conditions expected to worsen, we project current and future habitat suitability of Chesapeake Bay for cobia and predict changes in their arrival and departure times as conditions shift. To do …
The Power Struggle: Assessing Interacting Global Change Stressors Via Experimental Studies On Sharks, Ian A. Bouyoucos, Sue-Ann Watson, Serge Planes, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Gail D. Schwieterman, Et Al
The Power Struggle: Assessing Interacting Global Change Stressors Via Experimental Studies On Sharks, Ian A. Bouyoucos, Sue-Ann Watson, Serge Planes, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Gail D. Schwieterman, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Ocean warming and acidification act concurrently on marine ectotherms with the potential for detrimental, synergistic effects; yet, effects of these stressors remain understudied in large predatory fishes, including sharks. We tested for behavioural and physiological responses of blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) neonates to climate change relevant changes in temperature (28 and 31 °C) and carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO2; 650 and 1050 µatm) using a fully factorial design. Behavioural assays (lateralisation, activity level) were conducted upon 7–13 days of acclimation, and physiological assays (hypoxia tolerance, oxygen uptake rates, acid–base and haematological status) were …
Identifying Important Juvenile Dusky Shark Habitat In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean Using Acoustic Telemetry And Spatial Modeling, Charles W. Bangley, Tobey H. Curtis, David H. Secor, Robert J. Latour, Matthew B. Ogburn
Identifying Important Juvenile Dusky Shark Habitat In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean Using Acoustic Telemetry And Spatial Modeling, Charles W. Bangley, Tobey H. Curtis, David H. Secor, Robert J. Latour, Matthew B. Ogburn
VIMS Articles
Highly mobile species can be challenging for fisheries management and conservation due to large home ranges combined with dependence on discrete habitat areas where they can be easily targeted or vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. Management of the Dusky Shark Carcharhinus obscurus in the northwest Atlantic Ocean has been particularly challenging due to the species' inherent vulnerability to overfishing and poorly understood habitat associations. To better understand habitat associations and seasonal distributions, we combined telemetry and remotely sensed environmental data to spatially model juvenile Dusky Shark presence probability in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. To accomplish this, 22 juvenile Dusky Sharks (107-220 …
Spillover Of Sea Scallops From Rotational Closures In The Mid-Atlantic Bight (United States), Deborah R. Hart, Daphne M. Munroe, Joseph C. Caracappa, Dale Haidvogel, Burton V. Shank, David Rudders, Et Al
Spillover Of Sea Scallops From Rotational Closures In The Mid-Atlantic Bight (United States), Deborah R. Hart, Daphne M. Munroe, Joseph C. Caracappa, Dale Haidvogel, Burton V. Shank, David Rudders, Et Al
VIMS Articles
We examined evidence for larval spillover (increased recruitment outside the closures) of Atlantic sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) due to rotational closures in the Mid-Atlantic Bight using a 40-year fisheries survey time series and a larval transport model. Since the first closure of the Hudson Canyon South (HCS) area in 1998, mean recruitment in the two areas directly down-current from this closure, Elephant Trunk (ET) and Delmarva (DMV), increased significantly by factors of about 7 and 2, respectively. Stock–recruit plots indicate that low biomasses in HCS were associated with reduced mean recruitment in ET and DMV. Simulations indicate that …