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Articles 181 - 210 of 1187
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Fecal Microbiota Transfer (Fmt) From Tumor-Bearing Mice Fed The Total Western Diet (Twd) Does Not Contribute To A Higher Tumor Burden In Mice Fed A Healthy Diet, Porter Green
Student Research Symposium
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Diet and gut microbiome have shown to influence the development of colitis associated colorectal cancer (CAC). For this study, the goal was to determine the association between colon inflammation, diet and microbiome in the development of CAC in mice. The primary objective of this study was to determine the contribution of gut microbiota from mice donors who have previously consumed one of two basal diets: 1) the standard AIN93G diet, which is designed to promote rodent health; and 2) the total Western diet (TWD), …
Shallow Slow Slip Events Documented With Hematite Themochronometry And Structural Analysis In An Exhumed Fault Zone In Mecca Hills, Ca, Alexandra Dimonte
Shallow Slow Slip Events Documented With Hematite Themochronometry And Structural Analysis In An Exhumed Fault Zone In Mecca Hills, Ca, Alexandra Dimonte
Student Research Symposium
Transient slow slip events are observed in the shallow portion of faults and are an important part of the earthquake cycle, but the influence of mineralogy on the mechanics of slow slip is poorly constrained. Outcrop to nanoscale structures and mineral textures observed in faults exhumed to the surface record evidence of varying slip rates in the past and may inform ongoing fault slip mechanisms. Hematite, an iron oxide mineral that precipitates in shallow faults, exhibits textures potentially diagnostic of slip rate and is amenable to (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. We report field and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of structures and …
Financial Knowledge And Debt Repayment Behavior Of U.S. Households, Ellie Hansen
Financial Knowledge And Debt Repayment Behavior Of U.S. Households, Ellie Hansen
Student Research Symposium
A substantial amount of research indicates that debt is a problem in the United States. Financial knowledge has the potential to help U.S. households understand the impacts of holding high debt loads and the importance of positive debt repayment behavior. Research indicates that although U.S. households are in significant debt, those with financial knowledge were more likely to have healthy financial behaviors such as paying credit card balances in full, taking on the appropriate amount of student loan debt, and making on time mortgage payments (Mitchel & Lusardi, 2015). Using data from the 2018 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS), this …
Static Heat Exchanger, James Mullen
Static Heat Exchanger, James Mullen
Student Research Symposium
The USU Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering partnered with the Aspire NSF Engineering Research Center to develop wireless charging pads for electric vehicles. These concrete pads, when placed in roadways, charge the batteries of electric vehicles that pass over them. As the pads charge vehicles, they produce excessive thermal energy (heat), which dissipates slowly through the surrounding concrete. This excess heat reduces the efficiency of the charging apparatus and can damage the imbedded electrical components.To manage the pad temperatures, the USU Nanoscale Thermal Energy Lab proposed to submerge the heat-generating elements in a Phase Change Material (PCM). As a …
Comparisons Of Mesopheric Temperatures Between 70 And 110 Km: Usu Lidar, Nasa's Timed Satellite, And The Msis2 Empirical Model, David Collins
Comparisons Of Mesopheric Temperatures Between 70 And 110 Km: Usu Lidar, Nasa's Timed Satellite, And The Msis2 Empirical Model, David Collins
Student Research Symposium
Earth’s atmosphere can be characterized by its temperature structure, dividing the atmosphere into natural discrete regions. The mesosphere (50 to ~100 km) has been the least studied. Rayleigh-scatter lidars (RSL) and rockets can obtain local high-resolution measurements above one spot while satellites looking almost horizontally obtain global measurements. These measurements can be analyzed to produce a vertical profile over a given spot. The Rayleigh-scatter lidar (RSL) at USU has been collecting data on the mesosphere since 1993. In 2014 and 2015, these measurements were extended upward from 95 km to 110 km. Given the multiple ways of measuring this data, …
Cytokine Indicators Of Inflammation In Mice Fed A Western Type Diet, Eliza Owens, Emily Mortensen
Cytokine Indicators Of Inflammation In Mice Fed A Western Type Diet, Eliza Owens, Emily Mortensen
Student Research Symposium
Colorectal cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The risk of colon cancer increases in individuals who suffer from colitis, which is inflammation of the colon lining. Colitis is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The development of colorectal cancer is complex and can be associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which has been shown to be affected by diet. Disruption of the gut microbiome can lead to the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria which can contribute to disease. Pathogenic bacteria and other bacterial byproducts that manage to cross the epithelial …
Tensions Surrounding Multinational Lunar Development Threaten Global Stability, Highlight Need For Cooperation, Megyn Degraw
Tensions Surrounding Multinational Lunar Development Threaten Global Stability, Highlight Need For Cooperation, Megyn Degraw
Student Research Symposium
The aim of this research is to provide a framework in which US national security can begin to navigate the future of international relations on the moon. The amount of countries participating in space exploration is increasing every year, within the next decade we could see lunar bases being established on the moon by multiple countries, notably Russia and China. Space is becoming more international and in turn, more crowded. This increase is spurred on by the recent discovery of water on the moon, the goals of SpaceX to land on the moon in the next few years, technological advances, …
Plant Tissue Decellularization For Complex Vascular Scaffold Applications, Teren Teeples, Mikelle Kearnes
Plant Tissue Decellularization For Complex Vascular Scaffold Applications, Teren Teeples, Mikelle Kearnes
Student Research Symposium
The rapidly expanding field of scaffolding within tissue engineering has produced plant tissue decellularization techniques to create cellulose scaffolds that replicate complex vasculature. Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) leaves have been the primary focus of decellularization research in creating scaffolding due to their wide availability and highly vascularized structure. To expand on previous research, this experiment has been conducted to compare S. oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. sabellica (kale) and Lactuca sativa (romaine lettuce) in the visualization and density of vasculature. The decellularization process has been adapted from previous literature using the detergent sodium lauryl sulfate to remove cellular matter and residual DNA. …
Growth Of Arpe Cells On A 3d Printed Pla Scaffold, Dallin Fairbourn, Jamen Cannon, Jake Accordino
Growth Of Arpe Cells On A 3d Printed Pla Scaffold, Dallin Fairbourn, Jamen Cannon, Jake Accordino
Student Research Symposium
Forming blood vessels is a common obstacle that is faced when attempting to develop artificial organs. One possible method of overcoming this obstacle is by using a 3D printed material as a scaffold for blood vessel growth. In previous studies, it has been shown that Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is an ideal material for use as a scaffold in tissue engineering applications (Kudryavtseva et al., 2017). The following proof of concept will evaluate the ability of PLA to support cell growth on its surface. Specifically, this project aims to determine its usefulness as a scaffold in the culture of Adult Retinal …
Random Forest-Based Diffusion Information Geometry For Supervised Visualization And Data Exploration, Jake Rhodes
Random Forest-Based Diffusion Information Geometry For Supervised Visualization And Data Exploration, Jake Rhodes
Student Research Symposium
Most dimensionality reduction techniques to date are unsupervised; they do not take class labels into account (e.g., PCA, MDS, t-SNE, Isomap). Such methods require large amounts of data and are often sensitive to noise that may obfuscate important patterns in the data. Various attempts at supervised dimensionality reduction methods that take into account auxiliary annotations (e.g., class labels) have been successfully implemented with goals of increased classification accuracy or improved data visualization. In this paper, we describe a novel supervised visualization technique based on random forest proximities and a diffusion-based information geometry. We show, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the advantages …
Illegal Wildlife Trade Increases Probability Of Zoonotic Disease Spread In The United States, Ryan Bushman
Illegal Wildlife Trade Increases Probability Of Zoonotic Disease Spread In The United States, Ryan Bushman
Student Research Symposium
Illegal wildlife trade is a major contributor to the spread of zoonotic disease in the United States and may potentially lead to further public health emergencies, a significant loss of life, and can cost billions of dollars. The trade of bushmeat and exotic pets are examples of illegal wildlife trade that can result in the spread of zoonotic diseases. These illegal activities are driven by deep-rooted cultural beliefs, financial necessity, and luxurious lifestyles. An analysis of the existing literature on these subjects through the lens of anticipatory intelligence reveals certain areas of the current systems that combat illegal wildlife trade …
Discerning The Efficacy Of Potential Non-Opioid Pain Drugs With Camp Analysis, Matthew Mattoon
Discerning The Efficacy Of Potential Non-Opioid Pain Drugs With Camp Analysis, Matthew Mattoon
Student Research Symposium
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a relatively new discovery in molecular biology and have been fundamental for the development of new drug therapies. GPCRs are receptors within the outer membrane of a cell that trigger reactions throughout a cell. There are multiple units that attach to the GPCR: the alpha, the beta, and the gamma subunits. A ligand (activating or agonistic molecule) binds to the protein receptor, causing a change in structure that allows the attached subunits to move. These movements can generate various signaling pathways that can change a cell. This experiment focuses on the alpha sub-unit whose movement …
Deepnec: A Novel Alignment-Free Tool For The Characterization Of Nitrification-Related Enzymes Using Deep Learning, A Step Towards Comprehensive Understanding Of The Nitrogen Cycle, Naveen Duhan
Student Research Symposium
Abstract: Nitrification is an important microbial two-step transformation in the global nitrogen cycle, as it is the only natural process that produces nitrate within a system. The functional annotation of nitrification-related enzymes has a broad range of applications in metagenomics, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, etc. The time and resources needed for determining the function of enzymes experimentally are restrictively costly. Therefore, an accurate genome-scale computational prediction of the nitrification-related enzymes has become much more important.In this study, we developed an alignment-free computational approach to determine the nitrification-related enzymes from the sequence itself. We propose deepNEC, a novel end-to-end feature selection and …
Pyseqrna: An Automated Python Package For Advanced Rna Sequencing Data Analysis And Annotation, Naveen Duhan
Pyseqrna: An Automated Python Package For Advanced Rna Sequencing Data Analysis And Annotation, Naveen Duhan
Student Research Symposium
Abstract: With the advent of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, numerous data is being generated every day, however, streamlined analysis remains a big hurdle to efficiently use the technology. A large number of algorithms, statistical methods, and software tools have been developed in recent years to perform the individual analysis steps of various NGS applications. Some NGS applications data analysis procedures are therefore very complex, requiring several program tools to be downloaded for their various processing steps. There is a significant room for the development of scalable computing environments that link the individual software components to automated workflows to efficiently and …
Medicine And The Media, Baylee Dusenberry
Medicine And The Media, Baylee Dusenberry
Student Research Symposium
PROBLEM: The media has become a normalized part of American society. The use of media in reporting COVID-19 is a prime example of how media can impact a public's medical knowledge and opinion. The main concern: are people properly filtering the influx of information between evidence-based practices and medical opinion? With the accessibility of information comes a likelihood that the public isn't doing their part to fact-check what they're given. Inaccurate information can cause health issues among the public. STUDY DESIGN: The study design will be a representational online survey sent to American Adults ages 18 years and older. Univariate-ANOVA …
Exploring Canid Monogamy: Characterization Of The Distribution Of Vasopressin 1a Receptors In The Brain Of Coyotes (Canis Latrans), Madeline Measom, Sophia Adamis
Exploring Canid Monogamy: Characterization Of The Distribution Of Vasopressin 1a Receptors In The Brain Of Coyotes (Canis Latrans), Madeline Measom, Sophia Adamis
Student Research Symposium
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide hormone that has been shown to be a factor in the biological basis of social attachment in monogamous species. It functions in the brain to modulate social memory, territoriality, and social attachment between pair-bonded adult mates of the same species. Research has mostly focused on the vasopressin 1a receptors (AVPR1a) in the brains of socially monogamous rodents and non-human primates. These studies demonstrate a critical role of AVP and AVPR1a in the neurobiology of social attachment, especially influencing species-specific, pairbond-related behaviors. Coyotes are a unique species in the context of social research because they …
Translating -Omics Big Data: Comprehensive Understanding Of Host-Pathogen Interactions To Control Bacterial Blight In Alfalfa Using Computational Approaches, Raghav Kataria
Student Research Symposium
Plant infectious diseases are a major threat to the crops, owing to economic losses to the agriculture industry worldwide. Molecular interactions between the host and pathogen play a critical role in understanding the basis of pathogenesis. Majority of the Pseudomonas syringae strains are known to cause frost injury in plants, amongst which, P. syringae pv. syringae ALF3 is asserted to be a causal organism of bacterial stem blight in Medicago sativa (alfalfa). We elucidated the genome-scale host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) between alfalfa and P. syringae using two intense computational approaches: interolog (homology-based) and the domain-based method (based on 3D structure of …
The Influences Of Individual Differences In Working Memory Capacity And Multiple Narrators On Adults’ Story Comprehension: A Pilot Study, Stephanie Johnson
The Influences Of Individual Differences In Working Memory Capacity And Multiple Narrators On Adults’ Story Comprehension: A Pilot Study, Stephanie Johnson
Student Research Symposium
It is well-known that people struggle to listen and comprehend spoken language in environments where multiple talkers are present. It is cognitively demanding to communicate in these difficult listening environments that occur commonly in everyday life (Plomp, 1994); therefore, one’s working memory abilities may play a role in how successful they can communicate when multiple talkers are present (Schneider et al., 2007). This preliminary study aimed to explore the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and spoken language comprehension in the context of multiple talkers. Six participants performed complex span tasks to assess their WMC abilities. Participants also listened to …
Use Of Cancer-Associated Mutations To Probe The Role Of Dimerization In Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Catalysis And Physiological Dysfunction, Owen Price
Student Research Symposium
Communication within and between cells, either in the context of normal biological activities or in response to stressors or other stimuli, is a crucial aspect of cell function. One strategy parts of a cell uses to communicate with other parts involves protein arginine methylation. This is a post-translational modification that is catalyzed by the members of the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) family of enzymes. PRMTs are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms and they are involved in many signaling pathways in many tissues. Given this broad activity, along with the fact that aberrant arginine methylation is associated with a variety of life-threatening …
Vehicle Autonomy Increases Attack Surface On Critical Functions—Cybersecurity Standard Needed, Blair Peck
Vehicle Autonomy Increases Attack Surface On Critical Functions—Cybersecurity Standard Needed, Blair Peck
Student Research Symposium
The development and use of autonomous vehicles are on the rise, with this comes the added threat that systems used for autonomy increases the attack surface for threat actors to expose. By addressing risks in the vehicle's code, connectivity, and sensors, US vehicle manufacturers will bring a safer and more reliable product to the market. Presentation Time: Thursday, 1-2 p.m. Zoom link: https://usu-edu.zoom.us/j/87293114488?pwd=QmxrWlM0TnB1RWdPbnkvRE9WZEZIZz09
Biophilic Design In Women Health Facilities, Erica Carnea Williams
Biophilic Design In Women Health Facilities, Erica Carnea Williams
Student Research Symposium
In Margaret Robertson’s book, Sustainability Principles and Practice-Routledge, 2017, biophilia is described as “the genetically encoded emotional need of humans to affiliate with nature and with other living organisms, evolved as an adaptive mechanism to protect people from hazards and to help them access resources such as food, water, and shelter.” This expresses that biophilia is the innate desire within human beings to have a positive connection to nature. It was a trait developed through years of evolution to keep us safe and now it is said that it can be used in design to reduce stress, expedite healing, and …
Hagfish Protein Threads As Three Dimensional In Vitro Scaffolds For Skeletal Muscular Tissue, Emilee Rickabaugh, Brandon Pace, Trent Peterson
Hagfish Protein Threads As Three Dimensional In Vitro Scaffolds For Skeletal Muscular Tissue, Emilee Rickabaugh, Brandon Pace, Trent Peterson
Student Research Symposium
Native and transgenic silkworm silk have been shown to be capable of supporting skeletal muscle cell growth with the use of a three-dimensional acrylic cell-culture chassis. Additionally, this silk has been shown to be preferable to the standard two-dimensional polystyrene cell culture surface in its ability to simulate native tissue 1. The protein threads produced from hagfish slime have also been shown to have potential applications in three-dimensional cell culture 2. To compare the capacity for three-dimensional cell growth and simulation of native tissue to native and transgenic silkworm silk, hagfish protein threads were synthesized and woven around an acrylic …
Terminal Lakes And Climate Change: Averting Catastrophe Dependent Upon Intervention Efficacy, Andrew Walker
Terminal Lakes And Climate Change: Averting Catastrophe Dependent Upon Intervention Efficacy, Andrew Walker
Student Research Symposium
Terminal Lakes will drastically be affected by climate change. The Caspian Sea, by conservative estimates will drop 30 ft by the end of the century with minimal intervention uncovering an area the size of Portugal, concentrating the current ecological hardship, country conflict, and business contraction. Geoengineering, specifically Solar Radiation Management, poses a significant boon in limiting the damage with an injection of aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect the Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere to lower temperatures and reduce evaporation. So far, because of limits placed on field testing by the UN, there has been limited testing outside simulation of …
Form In Therapeutic Songwriting Interventions, Tori Smith, Wendy Jepsen, Emme Corry, Alyssa Burton
Form In Therapeutic Songwriting Interventions, Tori Smith, Wendy Jepsen, Emme Corry, Alyssa Burton
Student Research Symposium
Music Therapy is the use of music by a board certified music therapist to achieve non-musical goals. Songwriting is an effective intervention for inviting expression and healing. The predictable form of a song can help facilitate the songwriting process and invite greater participation. Form is the general organization of a song. For example, most pop songs on the radio consist of a verse/chorus pattern that allows listeners to easily sing along. This presentation explores how a repetitious and simple form in a songwriting intervention empowers victims of trauma. The predictable form enables the clients to safely participate in the songwriting …
Contentious Industry Relationships, Complex Acquisitions, Poor Talent Retention Choke Dod Technology Pipeline, Lucas Evans
Contentious Industry Relationships, Complex Acquisitions, Poor Talent Retention Choke Dod Technology Pipeline, Lucas Evans
Student Research Symposium
The DoD's acquisition-implementation pipeline is a critical piece of defense infrastructure whose struggle to adapt to the shift of technological innovation from the defense sector to the private sector continues to erode the Pentagon's technological edge. Without efforts to build resiliency into the three primary areas of this system: industry relationships, defense acquisition, and talent retention, the DoD risks being outpaced by its near-peer competition in emergent technologies, including artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, robotics, and cloud computing. Building resilience throughout the defense technology pipeline will pay dividends, but focused efforts to build a robust talent acquisition and retention system within the …
Solar Electron Radiation Effects On Nasa Space Station Samples, Heather Allen
Solar Electron Radiation Effects On Nasa Space Station Samples, Heather Allen
Student Research Symposium
The Lunar Gateway Space Station is meant to aid in the re-exploration of the moon and must be able to survive the harsh conditions in space, specifically solar electron radiation. The experiment investigated potential materials for the Gateway mission and how they withstand high energy electron bombardment meant to mimic a portion of this solar radiation. Potential material damage that can impact spacecraft performance includes charging, arc-induced blow off, and changes in color and other optical properties. The samples were exposed to a beam of high energy electrons (30 keV) for several minutes, while current and video data was recorded. …
A Citation Network Analysis Of Perfectionism In Sport, Helen Sullivan
A Citation Network Analysis Of Perfectionism In Sport, Helen Sullivan
Student Research Symposium
Perfectionism in sport has received a large amount of attention in both the scholarly and popular domains. Early perfectionism research was conducted in clinical populations and students. Recently this moved towards a focus on athletes and the field has since grown exponentially. Reviews in the form of meta-analyses from Hill and colleagues (2018, 2020) have provided useful insight into the conceptual and theoretical advances in the field, yet there remain gaps to be addressed. Citation network analysis provides a functional method for consolidating literature, specifically examining (1) the lineage of foundational papers to contemporary work, (2) the theoretical and methodological …
Artificial Intelligence And Job Automation: Challenges And Opportunities Presented For Future Workforces, Stevie Graham
Artificial Intelligence And Job Automation: Challenges And Opportunities Presented For Future Workforces, Stevie Graham
Student Research Symposium
Job Automation poses many different risks to the population. While AI can be beneficial when it comes to removing human error in some industries, it can also create new levels of concern. There are inherent risks that Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents that may result in a mass job loss worldwide in the financial industry. The finance industry faces a risk of mass job losses which could result in a hurting economy. It is estimated that by the year 2030 over 20 million jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence. In banking and finance Artificial Intelligence is currently assisting businesses by …
Combining Nissl Staining And Digital Densitometry To Accurately Quantify Oxytocin Receptors In The Human Substantia Nigra, Kip Dooley
Student Research Symposium
Oxytocin, a hormone present in the mammalian brain, has been shown to be a vital component of social function in animals and may have a role in the social deficits associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder in humans. Based on previous studies from our lab, there are oxytocin receptors in the human substantia nigra, a basal ganglia structure in the midbrain that is important in both movement and reward pathways. The substantia nigra contains two subsections that are defined by the neurotransmitters they contain: the pars compacta, which is dopaminergic, and the pars reticulata, which is GABAergic. By localizing oxytocin receptors …
Bolstering Southeast Asia's Livestock Biosecurity And Climate Change Resilience Essential For Global Health, Madelyn Kunzler
Bolstering Southeast Asia's Livestock Biosecurity And Climate Change Resilience Essential For Global Health, Madelyn Kunzler
Student Research Symposium
A large factor of climate change is its effect on infectious zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are diseases that can be transferred from animals into humans. Cases of zoonotic diseases have increased as humans have interacted more with animals, and as worldwide travel has become more frequent. It is predicted that 60% of emerging human diseases will be zoonotic. The cases will continue to increase to due climate change. As climate change continues, research has shown that new diseases will emerge from the melting permafrost and ice caps. It is also likely that pre-existing diseases will be able to migrate to …