Life Sciences Commons^™

Role Of Food Industry In Promoting Healthy And Sustainable Diets, Kevin B. Miller, James O. Eckberg, Eric A. Decker, Christopher P. F. Marinangeli

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Sustainable food systems are often defined by greenhouse gases, land use, effects on biodiversity, and water use. However, this approach does not recognize the reason food is produced-the provision of nutrients. Recently, the relationship between diets and sustainability has been recognized. Most accepted models of 'sustainable diets' focus on four domains: public health, the environment, food affordability, and cultural relevance. Aligned with the FAO's perspective, truly sustainable diets comprise foods that are affordable, nutritious, developed with ingredients produced in an environmentally friendly manner, and consumer preferred. Identifying solutions to address all four domains simultaneously remains a challenge. Furthermore, the recent …

Improving Health Targeted Food Quality Of Blackberry: Pear Fruit Synergy Using Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentation, Nicholas Pucel, Dipayan Sarkar, Ronald G. Labbe, Chartchai Khanongnuch, Kalidas Shetty

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Blackberry and pear are rich in human health protective phenolic bioactives with high antioxidant activity. These fruits are relevant dietary targets to counter chronic oxidative stress-linked diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Due to high perishability, the human health relevant bioactive qualities of such fruits deteriorate during postharvest storage and processing. By improving stability and bioavailability of nutritionally relevant phenolic bioactives during post-harvest stages, effective integration of blackberry and pear as dietary support strategies can be targeted for T2D benefits. Solutions to bioactive quality loss of fruits can be achieved by advancing bioprocessing strategy integrating compatible fruit synergy and …

Genome Sequence Of Aspergillus Aculeatinus Ic_8, Isolated From An Indoor Air Sample Of An Urban Housing Complex In Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Shu Zhao, David Koffi, Jean-Paul Latge, Karidia Sylla, John G. Gibbons

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Aspergillus aculeatinus is an industrially important species of Aspergillus section Nigri capable of producing bioactive, antibiotic, and antitumor compounds. We sequenced the genome of a strain of A. aculeatinus that was isolated from the interior of a housing complex in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Use Of Micellar Delivery Systems To Enhance Curcumin’S Stability And Microbial Photoinactivation Capacity, Victor Ryu, Silvette Ruiz-Ramirez, Piyanan Chuesiang, Lynne A. Mclandsborough, David Julian Mcclements, Maria G. Corradini

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Microbial photoinactivation using ultraviolet (UV) or visible light can be enhanced by photosensitizers. This study assessed the efficacy of encapsulating a food-grade photosensitizer (curcumin) in surfactant micelles on its water dispersibility, chemical stability, and antimicrobial activity. Stock curcumin-surfactant solutions were prepared with Surfynol 465 (S465) or Tween 80 (T80) (5 mM sodium citrate buffer). The antimicrobial activity of curcumin-loaded surfactant solutions was determined by monitoring the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria innocua after 5-min irradiation with UV-A light (λ = 365 nm). The solutions mixed with the bacterial suspensions contained 1 µM curcumin and each surfactant below, …

Effect Of Encapsulated Edible Halophyte With Different Biopolymers On The Inhibition Of Sodium Absorption In Mouse, Eun Young Jung, Seung Yun Lee, Da Young Lee, On You Kim, Yeonhwa Park, Sun Jin Hur

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edible halophyte Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with biopolymers on inhibition of sodium absorption in mouse. Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with four biopolymers (pectin, chitosan, cellulose and dextrin) were fed to mice for 48 hr, and inhibiting sodium absorption was measured. In primary in vitro condition, fresh Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% cellulose had 40% binding rate. Juice residue Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% chitosan had the highest sodium binding rate by 50%. In mouse model, fresh, juice, and juice residue of Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 4% chitosan had the highest sodium …

Population Genomic Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes From Food Reveals Substrate-Specific Genome Variation, Tyler D. Bechtel, John G. Gibbons

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Listeria monocytogenes is the major causative agent of the foodborne illness listeriosis. Listeriosis presents as flu-like symptoms in healthy individuals, and can be fatal for children, elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. Estimates suggest that L. monocytogenes results in similar to 1,600 illnesses and similar to 260 deaths annually in the United States. L. monocytogenes can survive and persist in a variety of harsh environments, including conditions encountered in production of fermented dairy products such as cheese. For instance, microbial growth is often limited in soft cheese fermentation because of harsh pH, water content, and salt concentrations. However, L. monocytogenes …

Infogest Inter-Laboratory Recommendations For Assaying Gastric And Pancreatic Lipases Activities Prior To In Vitro Digestion Studies, Myriam M.L. Grundy, Evan Abrahamse, Annette Almgren, David J. Mcclements, Marie Alminger, Ana Andres, Renata M.C. Ariëns, Shanna Bastiaan-Net, Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, André Brodkorb

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

In vitro digestion studies often use animal digestive enzyme extracts as substitutes of human gastric and pancreatic secretions. Pancreatin from porcine origin is thus commonly used to provide relevant pancreatic enzymes such as proteases, amylase and lipase. Rabbit gastric extracts (RGE) have been recently introduced to provide gastric lipase in addition to pepsin. Before preparing simulated gastric and pancreatic extracts with targeted enzyme activities as described in in vitro digestion protocols, it is important to determine the activities of enzyme preparations using validated methods. The purpose of this inter-laboratory study within the INFOGEST network was to test the repeatability and …

The Lipid Peroxidation Product Ekode Exacerbates Colonic Inflammation And Colon Tumorigenesis, Lei Lei, Jun Yang, Jianan Zhang, Guodong Zhang

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Oxidative stress is emerging as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the molecular mechanisms by which the disturbed redox balance regulates CRC development remain undefined. Using a liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, we found that epoxyketooctadecenoic acid (EKODE), which is a lipid peroxidation product, was among the most dramatically increased lipid molecules in the colon of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC mice. This is, at least in part, due to increased oxidative stress in colon tumors, as assessed by analyzing gene expression of oxidative markers in AOM/DSS-induced CRC mice and human CRC patients in …

Cloning, Heterologous Expression, And Characterization Of A Βκ-Carrageenase From Marine Bacterium Wenyingzhuangia Funcanilytica: A Specific Enzyme For The Hybrid Carrageenan–Furcellaran, Siqi Cao, Yuying Zhang, Guangning Chen, Jingjing Shen, Jin Han, Yaoguang Chang, Hang Xiao, Changhu Xue

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Carrageenan is a group of important food polysaccharides with high structural heterogeneity. Furcellaran is a typical hybrid carrageenan, which contains the structure consisted of alternative beta-carrageenan and kappa-carrageenan motifs. Although several furcellaran-hydrolyzing enzymes have been characterized, their specificity for the glycosidic linkage was still unclear. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and characterized a novel GH16_13 furcellaran-hydrolyzing enzyme Cgbk16A_Wf from the marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica CZ1127. Cgbk16A_Wf exhibited its maximum activity at 50 degrees C and pH 6.0 and showed high thermal stability. The oligosaccharides in enzymatic products were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and …

Comparison Of Two Aspergillus Oryzae Genomes From Different Clades Reveals Independent Evolution Of Alpha-Amylase Duplication, Variation In Secondary Metabolism Genes, And Differences In Primary Metabolism, Katherine Chacón-Vargas, Colin O. Mccarthy, Dasol Choi, Long Wang, Jae-Hyuk Yu, John G. Gibbons

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Microbes (bacteria, yeasts, molds), in addition to plants and animals, were domesticated for their roles in food preservation, nutrition and flavor. Aspergillus oryzae is a domesticated filamentous fungal species traditionally used during fermentation of Asian foods and beverage, such as sake, soy sauce, and miso. To date, little is known about the extent of genome and phenotypic variation of A. oryzae isolates from different clades. Here, we used long-read Oxford Nanopore and short-read Illumina sequencing to produce a highly accurate and contiguous genome assemble of A. oryzae 14160, an industrial strain from China. To understand the relationship of this isolate, …

Comparison Of A One-Step Real-Time Rt-Pcr And A Nested Real-Time Rt-Pcr For A Genogroup Ii Norovirus Reveals Differences In Sensitivity Depending Upon Assay Design And Visualization, Clyde S. Manuel, Cassandra Suther, Matthew D. Moore, Lee-Ann Jaykus

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis and a major source of foodborne illness. Detection of NoV in food and environmental samples is typically performed using molecular techniques, including real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and less frequently, nested real-time PCR. In this study, we conducted a controlled comparison of two published NoV detection assays: a broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR and a two-step nested real-time PCR assay. A 20% human fecal suspension containing a genogroup II human NoV was serially diluted, genome extracted, and subjected to amplification using the two assays compared via PCR …

Utilization Of Polysaccharide-Based High Internal Phase Emulsion For Nutraceutical Encapsulation: Enhancement Of Carotenoid Loading Capacity And Stability, Chi Yan, Xiaolin Wu, Yi Wang, Shengfeng Peng, Jun Chen, Liqiang Zou, David Julian Mcclements, Wei Liu

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

The main goal of the present work was to access the ability of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) to encapsulate fl-carotene. The carotenoid loading capacity of the HIPEs was around 20-fold higher when OSAstarch/chitosan complexes were used than when only OSA-starch was used. This impact could be mainly assigned to the capacity of the former HIPEs to trap carotenoid caystals in a stable form. The OSA-starch/chitosan complexes were shown to absorb on the oil droplets interface and form a 3D network in the aqueous phase, which helped to prevent droplet coalescence induced by fl-carotene crystal. The incorporation of fl-carotene within …

Development Of Salt- And Gastric-Resistant Whey Protein Isolate Stabilized Emulsions In The Presence Of Cinnamaldehyde And Application In Salad Dressing, Huanhuan Cui, Qihang Liu, David Julian Mcclements, Bin Li, Shilin Liu, Yan Li

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Protein-stabilized emulsions tend to be susceptible to droplet aggregation in the presence of high ionic strengths or when exposed to acidic gastric conditions due to a reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between the protein-coated droplets. Previously, we found that incorporating cinnamaldehyde into the oil phase improved the resistance of whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized emulsions against aggregation induced by NaCl, KCl and CaCl2. In the current study, we aimed to establish the impact of cinnamaldehyde on the tolerance of WPI-stabilized emulsions to high salt levels during food processing and to gastric conditions. In the absence of cinnamaldehyde, the addition of high …

A Human Gut Commensal Ferments Cranberry Carbohydrates To Produce Formate, Ezgi Özcan, Jiadong Sun, David C. Rowley, David A. Sela

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Commensal bifidobacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and catabolize glycans that are impervious to host digestion. Accordingly, Bifidobacterium longum typically secretes acetate and lactate as fermentative end products. This study tested the hypothesis that B. longum utilizes cranberry-derived xyloglucans in a strain-dependent manner. Interestingly, the B. longum strain that efficiently utilizes cranberry xyloglucans secretes 2.0 to 2.5 mol of acetate-lactate. The 1.5 acetate:lactate ratio theoretical yield obtained in hexose fermentations shifts during xyloglucan metabolism. Accordingly, this metabolic shift is characterized by increased acetate and formate production at the expense of lactate. α-L-Arabinofuranosidase, an arabinan endo-1,5-α-L-arabinosidase, and a β-xylosidase with a …

Food-Grade Cationic Antimicrobial Ε-Polylysine Transiently Alters The Gut Microbial Community And Predicted Metagenome Function In Cd-1 Mice, Xiaomeng You, Jonah E. Einson, Cynthia Lyliam Lopez-Pena, Mingyue Song, Hang Xiao, David Julian Mcclements, David Sela

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Diet is an important factor influencing the composition and function of the gut microbiome, but the effect of antimicrobial agents present within foods is currently not understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of the food-grade cationic antimicrobial ε-polylysine on the gut microbiome structure and predicted metagenomic function in a mouse model. The relative abundances of predominant phyla and genera, as well as the overall community structure, were perturbed in response to the incorporation of dietary ε-polylysine. Unexpectedly, this modification to the gut microbiome was experienced transiently and resolved to the initial basal composition at the final sampling point. …

An Optical Image Of Worms Grown On Agar Containing Flax Seed Oil Nanoparticles With Oil Red O As A Dye, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Confocal Image Of A Nile Red-Stained C. Elegans, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Microscopy Images Of Hermaphrodite Anatomy, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Microscopy images of hermaphrodite anatomy

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Life Cycle Of C. Elegans, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

(A) Images of four larval stages and adult C. elegans by microscopy. (B) Life cycle of C. elegans at 22°C. 0 min is fertilization. Magnification 50x.

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Insulin/Igf-1 Signaling Pathways, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

DAF-2, homolog of mammalian insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; PI3K, phospho-inositide 3-kinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 3,4 phosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 phosphate; AKT, protein kinase B; DAF-16, homolog of mammalian Forkhead box O transcription factor (FOXO).

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Proposed Mechanism Of Cla On Muscle Metabolism, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Diagram

AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; SIRT1, Silent information regulator two protein 1; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α; PPAR-d, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899