Life Sciences Commons^™

Tsc2 Modulates Actin Cytoskeleton And Focal Adhesion Through Tsc1-Binding Domain And The Rac1 Gtpase, Elena Goncharova, Dmitry Goncharov, Daniel J. Noonan, Vera P Krymskaya

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 and TSC2 are thought to be involved in protein translational regulation and cell growth, and loss of their function is a cause of TSC and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). However, TSC1 also activates Rho and regulates cell adhesion. We found that TSC2 modulates actin dynamics and cell adhesion and the TSC1-binding domain (TSC2-HBD) is essential for this function of TSC2. Expression of TSC2 or TSC2-HBD in TSC2-/- cells promoted Rac1 activation, inhibition of Rho, stress fiber disassembly, and focal adhesion remodeling. The down-regulation of TSC1 with TSC1 siRNA in TSC2-/- cells activated Rac1 and induced loss of …

Monitoring Activity Of Drosophila Larvae: Impedance & Video Microscopy Measures, Ann Simone Cooper, Robin L. Cooper

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Monitoring Heart Rate In Drosophila Larvae By Various Approaches, Sameera Dasari, Robin L. Cooper

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Monitoring Carbon Dioxide Production By Drosophila Larvae, Robin L. Cooper, D. Nicholas Mcletchie

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Forage News [2004-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at KCA in Owensboro
• Kentucky Alfalfa Conference – 25^TH Anniversary
• Groups Form National Alfalfa Coalition
• Eleven Seasons of Pasture Productivity and Heifer Performance Under Rotational Grazing: Data From WICST.
• Hay Storage Update
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [2004-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Dr. Ray Smith Joins Kentucky Forage Team
• KFGC Presents 2004 Forage Awards
• Forage Spokesman Winner
• Grigson Becomes KFGC President
• KFGC Board Elects Six New Members
• 5th Kentucky Grazing Conference Big Success
• Forage Information
• What Is the Quality of Your Hay?
• How Good Is Stockpiled Tall Fescue?
• Effects of Tall Fescue Endophyte on Reproduction
• American Forage and Grassland Council Update
• Calf Weaning Weights of Cattle Grazing Toxic or MaxQ™ Tall Fescue Stands
• Hay Production
• Upcoming Events

2004 Forage Spokesperson Contestants, James Chestnut, Jimmy May, Steve Meredith, Bill Payne

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Strategies For Reducing Stored Feed Requirements, Don Ball

Kentucky Grazing Conference

A basic, desirable goal for virtually any livestock producer is to minimize stored feed requirements. It is less expensive to have livestock harvest forage for themselves by grazing than to harvest it for them; therefore, the greater the extent to which pasture can be used to provide nutrition, the more profitable a livestock operation will generally be. Thus, it is worthwhile to consider all options that might be available for reducing stored feed needs.

Stocking Decisions: They Make Or Break You, Glen E. Aiken

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Decisions on species and variety of forage to plant and manage are economically critical because it establishes the potential to meet a particular production goal. However, the stocking rate used to graze these forages is more critical because it ultimately determines if a targeted level of production is reached. Most cattlemen aim for a stocking rate that provides maximum economic return, but it should be emphasized that an economically optimum stocking rate is one that potentially provides sustained economic return. It is obvious that dollar return is not maximized if excessive heavy grazing results in costly pasture renovation, ranging from …

Grazing: Getting From Where You Are To Where You Want To Be, Gary Bates

Kentucky Grazing Conference

When trying to design a forage and grazing program, producers often try to consider so many factors that it becomes mind-boggling. If basic plant physiology, how and when a forage plant grows is considered, improving a forage program will usually become easier, especially in developing a controlled grazing system. The purpose of a controlled grazing system should be to improve the utilization of the high quality forage produced on the farm. In order to improve this utilization, it is helpful to understand plant growth and quality, and the factors that affect them.

Will Improved Grazing Pay For Extra Fencing And Water Cost?, Ken Johnson

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Expectation is founded on faith, and in faith lays opportunities. I suppose as we look at most farming operations most changes occur from force not by choice. What I propose today and hope to convince most of you; is that here is an opportunity to make more profit, if you’re willing to change and have faith that it will work. Most of us have heard of, if not practiced rotation grazing for a long time. The question many ask, is it worthwhile. Does better grazing management make me any more money? I hope to at least provide some insight as …

Present And Future Tall Fescue Varieties, Timothy D. Phillips

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Tall fescue has played a key role in forage production over the past century in the USA. It has other uses besides forage applications, such as turf, mine reclamation, and highway rights-of-way, but in this presentation we will focus on forage varieties. Several hundred turf-type tall fescue varieties have been developed over the past 30 years, mainly by private seed companies using material from Reed Funk at Rutgers University in New Jersey. Forage varieties aren’t as numerous. I will discuss some of the older and current forage tall fescue varieties, and finish by discussing the newest varieties, and those that …

Fertilizing Pastures For Profit, Byron Sleugh

Kentucky Grazing Conference

It has been known for centuries that providing certain nutrients to plants is critical for high productivity. The nutrient source and manner in which it is applied may vary, but the desired outcome is the same: high crop yield and quality. Fertilization is the most practical means that producers have to ensure that crops receive the nutrients they need. While increasing fertilizer application and managing pH by liming can lead to increase forage production, your investment should be measured against the potential return. Also, over application of nutrients can potentially cause environmental problems.

Role Of Legumes In Pasture Systems, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Successful livestock programs are dependent on forage programs which supply large quantities of adequate quality, homegrown feed. A major percentage of the feed units for beef (83%) and dairy (61%) cattle come from forages. In addition, forages supply an estimated 91%, 72%, 15% and 99% of the nutrients consumed by sheep and goats, horses, swine and ruminant wildlife, respectively. These values can be put in perspective when we consider that 63% of Kentucky's Agricultural Cash Receipts are from livestock and livestock products. Cash hay accounts for approximately 28% of the total crop value. Hay ranks second only to tobacco in …

Foreword And Kfgc Award Winners [2004], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Two Drosophila Suppressors Of Cytokine Signaling (Socs) Differentially Regulate Jak And Egfr Pathway Activities, Jason S. Rawlings, Gabriela Rennebeck, Susan M.W. Harrison, Rongwen Xi, Douglas A. Harrison

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The Janus kinase (JAK) cascade is an essential and well-conserved pathway required to transduce signals for a variety of ligands in both vertebrates and invertebrates. While activation of the pathway is essential to many processes, mutations from mammals and Drosophila demonstrate that regulation is also critical. The SOCS (Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling) proteins in mammals are regulators of the JAK pathway that participate in a negative feedback loop, as they are transcriptionally activated by JAK signaling. Examination of one Drosophila SOCS homologue, Socs36E, demonstrated that its expression is responsive to JAK pathway activity and it is capable of downregulating …

A Subset Of Liver Nk T Cells Is Activated During Leishmania Donovani Infection By Cd1d-Bound Lipophosphoglycan, Joseph L. Amprey, Jin S. Im, Salvatore J. Turco, Henry W. Murray, Petr A. Illarionov, Gurdyal S. Besra, Steven A. Porcelli, Gerald F. Späth

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Natural killer (NK) T cells are activated by synthetic or self-glycolipids and implicated in innate host resistance to a range of viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens. Despite the immunogenicity of microbial lipoglycans and their promiscuous binding to CD1d, no pathogen-derived glycolipid antigen presented by this pathway has been identified to date. In the current work, we show increased susceptibility of NK T cell–deficient CD1d^−/− mice to Leishmania donovani infection and Leishmania-induced CD1d-dependent activation of NK T cells in wild-type animals. The elicited response was Th1 polarized, occurred as early as 2 h after infection, and was independent from …

Forage News [2004-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• 5^TH Kentucky Grazing Conference Almost Here
• Kentucky Agricultural Cash Receipts
• Stockpiled Tall Fescue Quality
• How Much Is a Big Bale Worth?
• New Clover Shows Excellent Gains
• Forage Production and Forage Mixture Complexity
• Storage Losses and Nutritive Value of Warm-Season Forages Conserved as Baleage
• Utilizing Poultry Litter in a Fertility Program for Orchardgrass Hayfields
• Upcoming Events

Soil Respiration And Nutrient Cycling In Wooded Communities Developing In Grassland, Rebecca L. Mcculley, S. R. Archer, T. W. Boutton, F. M. Hons, D. A. Zuberer

Rebecca L. McCulley

Grasslands and savannas worldwide are experiencing increases in woody plant abundance. In the subtropical Rio Grande Plains of southern Texas and northern Mexico, this change in physiognomy typically results in soil C and N accumulation. The extent to which this accumulation is the result of increased C and N inputs vs. decreased losses is not known. To address this issue, we compared soil C and N pools, soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, and potential C and N mineralization and nitrification rates in remnant grassland communities and adjacent woody plant communities known to have developed on grassland within the past 100 …

Growth Of Stygobitic (Orconectes Australis Packardi) And Epigean (Orconectes Cristavarius) Crayfishes Maintained In Laboratory Conditions, Ann-Simone Cooper, Robin L. Cooper

Biology Faculty Publications

This study reports on maintenance and growth of the cave crayfish, Orconectes australis packardi, and the epigean crayfish, Orconectes cristavarius, with laboratory conditions for 1 and 2 years. The O. a. packardi survived well compared to the O. cristavarius in captivity. The poor survival of the epigean species was probably due to unsuitable conditions. The epigean as well as the cave crayfish molted and grew in captivity, but without any significant difference in molt frequency between species. In the first year, total body length was obtained to assay growth, whereas in the second year the more accurate measure …

Seasonal Aeration Rates For The Eastern United States Based On Long-Term Weather Patterns, Michael D. Montross, Samuel G. Mcneill, Thomas C. Bridges

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Most aeration fans are sized to produce a minimum airflow rate of 0.1 m³/min/t (0.1 cfm/bu) in on-farm grain storage structures. At this airflow rate a significant amount of time is required to move a cooling front completely through a bin. The desired grain temperature and prevailing weather conditions will have a significant effect on required fan size. Thirty years of weather data were analyzed for the eastern United States to determine the amount of time available in temperature windows between 0 to 15.C and 0 to 17.C. Contour maps were generated with ArcMap 8.3 for the percentage …

Vertical Wall Loads In A Model Grain Bin With Non-Axial Internal Inserts, Marek Molenda, Michael D. Montross, Jozef Horabik, Sidney A. Thompson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A study was conducted to estimate the degree of load asymmetry in a bin with non-axial internal inserts. Internal inserts in the form of an annulus segment were attached to the wall, and their influence on vertical wall loads during centric filling and discharge in a model bin were measured. Wall and floor loads were measured in a corrugated-wall model grain bin with a diameter of 2.44 m and a height of 7.3 m filled with soft red winter wheat to a depth of 6.7 m (height-to-diameter ratio of 2.75). Tests were conducted with inserts that extended circumferentially 30°, 60°, …

Forage News [2004-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage Spokesman Nominations
• Kentucky Grazing Conference
• Forages at KCA
• Switchgrass and Horses
• Cutting Alfalfa in Autumn Increases Annual Yield, Doesn’t Hurt Stands, but Is Unlikely to Increase Profits
• Nitrogen Rate and Source Effects on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Stockpiled Tall Fescue
• Stewardship for the 21^ST Century: A Report on America’s Forage and Resources and Needs - Executive Summary
• Upcoming Events

From Biomedicine To Natural History Research: Est Resources For Ambystomatid Aalamanders, Srikrishna Putta, Jeramiah J. Smith, John A. Walker, Mathieu Rondet, David W. Weisrock, James Monaghan, Amy K. Samuels, D. Kevin Kump, David C. King, Nicholas J. Maness, Bianca Habermann, Elly Tanaka, Susan V. Bryant, David M. Gardiner, David M. Parichy, S. Randal Voss

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Establishing genomic resources for closely related species will provide comparative insights that are crucial for understanding diversity and variability at multiple levels of biological organization. We developed ESTs for Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Eastern tiger salamander (A. tigrinum tigrinum), species with deep and diverse research histories.

RESULTS: Approximately 40,000 quality cDNA sequences were isolated for these species from various tissues, including regenerating limb and tail. These sequences and an existing set of 16,030 cDNA sequences for A. mexicanum were processed to yield 35,413 and 20,599 high quality ESTs for A. mexicanum and A. t. tigrinum, respectively. Because the …

Forage News [2004-08], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Warren Thompson Receives International Recognition
• Forage Website
• 5^TH Kentucky Grazing Conference
• Forage Spokesman Needed
• Advances in Forage-Beef Programs Resulting from Agriculture Development Funds
• Alfalfa Acreage Up Other Hay Down
• Transition from Toxic Tall Fescue to Non-Toxic Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue
• Effect of Alfalfa Seeding Rate on Stand Longevity
• Forage Yield and Quality of Winter Hardy Cereals and Winter Sensitive Species for Grazing
• Forage Production and Forage Mixture Complexity
• Upcoming Events

Effect Of Moisture Content And Broken Kernels On The Bulk Density And Packing Of Corn, Samuel G. Mcneill, Sidney A. Thompson, Michael D. Montross

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Shelled yellow dent corn samples were conditioned to three moisture content levels (12%, 15%, and 18% w.b.) and mixed with a prescribed amount of broken corn particles of known size (geometric mean diameter of 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, 2.8, and 4.0 mm) and concentration (2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% by weight) levels. The initial bulk density and grain compaction under simulated overburden pressure tests were determined for each sample. Uniaxial compression tests were performed for seven vertical pressure levels (3.4, 6.9, 14, 28, 55, 110, and 165 kPa) with a minimum of three replications each. Tests were performed at two locations with …

Forage News [2004-07], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Warren Thompson Retires From ABI
• Seeded Bermudagrass: Filling in the Summer Slump
• Bill Talley Receives AFGC Merit Award
• Kentucky Students Win First AFGC Forage Bowl
• KFGC Field Day
• Yield and Persistence of Bolting-Resistant Cultivars of Chicory in Forage Plots
• Management of Beef Cattle to Alleviate Fescue Toxicosis
• Comparison of Three Tall Fescues Containing Novel Endophytes for Stocker Cattle Weight Gain
• Persistence of HiMag Tall Fescue Inoculated with Nontoxic Endophytes
• Upcoming Events

Suitability Of A Gps Collar For Grazing Studies, Carmen T. Agouridis, Timothy S. Stombaugh, Stephen R. Workman, Benjamin K. Koostra, Dwayne R. Edwards, Eric S. Vanzant

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The traditional means of tracking animal location in a field is by visual observation. Not only is this method labor intensive, it is also prone to error as the observer can alter cattle movement, observation periods are often too short to obtain confidence in general daily behavior patterns, and observer fatigue becomes an issue. In the 1990s, the University of Kentucky began using GPS collars on cattle to track their position with the goal of incorporating this information into cattle management practices. One of the key unanswered questions regarding the GPS collars is the accuracy of the position data recorded …

Compositions And Methods For Enhancing Fiber Digestion, Juan Tricárico, Karl A. Dawson

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Patents

Methods and enzyme supplements for enhancing fiber digestion in mammals and birds are described. The supplement comprises an effective amount of acetyl esterase, formulated for feeding to animals consuming significant percentages of forages in the diet. The compositions of this invention improve dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance rates, and are useful dietary supplements for improving fiber digestion. The compositions of this invention may be utilized alone or in combination with known exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplement to improve fiber digestion in mammals and birds. The acetyl esterase advantageously used in the compositions and methods of the present invention is …

Forage News [2004-06], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• KFGC Field Day
• AFGC to Meet In Roanoke, Virginia June 12-16
• Forage Species and Spatial Effects on the Dietary Intake of Goats
• Kentucky Ranks High in Beef
• Forage-Animal Production Research Unit: Most Recent Agriculture Research Service Location
• Calibrating Seeders
• Upcoming Events