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Articles 31 - 47 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Motuporamines Act Through Rho1 And Rac To Control Actin Dynamics In Drosophila, Corey Seavey
The Motuporamines Act Through Rho1 And Rac To Control Actin Dynamics In Drosophila, Corey Seavey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Given that most cancer patients die from metastatic disease, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that inhibit the spread of tumors. Studies show that the motuporamines activate the small GTPase RhoA to prevent cancer cell migration, but little is known about the mechanism of action of dihydromotuporamine C (Motu33) and its synthetic derivative Motu-(CH2)-33. In the present study, I investigated the biomolecular processes of these compounds in Drosophila by reducing the gene dose of positive and negative regulators of actin dynamics. Consistent with previous findings, reduced gene dose of Rho1 (the Drosophila RhoA ortholog) attenuates motuporamine activity confirming …
Spermidine Rescued Ptpn2/22 Function In Crispr-Cas9-Edited T-Cells With Ptpn2/22 Snps Linked To Crohn's Disease And Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ameera Shaw
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Inflammatory autoimmune diseases like Crohn's Disease (CD) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) share some of the same single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor types 2 and 22 (PTPN2/22), which contribute to their pathogenesis. In clinical CD and RA samples, PTPN2:rs478582 and PTPN22:rs2476601 were found to exacerbate a number of inflammatory processes associated with CD and RA. To confirm the role of these SNPs in CD and RA pathogenesis, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to induce the SNPs in T-cells. Cells were also treated with the naturally occurring polyamine, spermidine, to restore PTPN2/22 function and reverse the inflammatory effects of the …
Using Genetics In A Model Organism To Understand Polyamine Transport, Victoria A. Millington
Using Genetics In A Model Organism To Understand Polyamine Transport, Victoria A. Millington
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Polyamines are small positively charged molecules that control major vital cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, gene expression, protein production and cell death. Cells can obtain polyamines by making them (biosynthesis) or bringing them into the cell from the outside (transport). Cancer cells require high levels of polyamines to sustain their rapid growth, and depletion of polyamines slows the growth of malignant cells. An FDA approved drug, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), blocks biosynthesis but is often ineffective because tumor cells respond by increasing transport of polyamines. Thus, a dual therapy that simultaneously targets polyamine biosynthesis and transport is needed. The mechanism …
The Effects Of A Remote Based Exercise Intervention On Psychosocial Factors In Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Juan Mayo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
AIM: The aim for this study was to identify the effects of physical activity (PA) on the psychosocial factors (PA self-efficacy, enjoyment of PA, perceived stress, and depression) amongst young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through the use of a 12-week remotely prescribed exercise program. METHODSs: This quasi-experimental study consisted of a 12-week remote-based exercise intervention (and a no-exercise control group) for young adults (18 – 35 years) with ASD. Participants were recruited through the Center for Autism and Related Disabilities (CARD), an organization that provides resources to individuals with ASD and their families. The exercise program occurred twice …
Exploring Interleukin 21 And Its Role In Humoral Immunity In The Mouse Model Of Influenza Infection, Samantha E. Gallahan
Exploring Interleukin 21 And Its Role In Humoral Immunity In The Mouse Model Of Influenza Infection, Samantha E. Gallahan
Honors Undergraduate Theses
In summary, this study will be focused on Il-21 and its implications in the antibody response in influenza. The isotype classes primarily involved in this process will also be examined. This will be accomplished by looking at the serum of mice and analyzing the present influenza specific antibodies using ELISA. Another goal was to optimize the ELISA in order to make it sensitive enough to catch small differences in the results. This topic is important due to its implications for improving influenza vaccinations and preventions as current vaccines are not 100% effective. Influenza contributes to significant disease and death around …
Association Between Plasma Genistein And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Tran Pham
Association Between Plasma Genistein And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Tran Pham
Honors Undergraduate Theses
According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death in American women. Breast cancer screenings and improvement in treatments have resulted in the rising number of survivors in the recent decade. This urged the need for post-diagnosis lifestyle changes to improve breast cancer patients' quality of life. Many studies found soy food, the primary dietary source of phytoestrogens, has a protective effect against breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Dietary phytoestrogens can be classified into two groups: isoflavones and lignans. Daidzein and genistein were identified as the …
Paternal Ages And Genetic Diseases And Congenital Anomalies, Neda Hamood
Paternal Ages And Genetic Diseases And Congenital Anomalies, Neda Hamood
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the link between advanced paternal ages (APA) (i.e., APA ≥ 35 years and APA ≥ 50 years) and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies. Currently, the relationship between both advanced paternal ages and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies remains unclear. However, there is room for improvement to systematically investigate the relationship between specific congenital anomalies in newborns and advanced paternal ages. More recently, the link between advanced paternal age (as opposed to existing studies analyzing advanced maternal age alone) and genetic diseases has been recognized by researchers, epidemiologists, and various health experts. Thus, …
Consequences Of Stress-Induced Trait Plasticity In Cultivated Helianthus, Gillian Gomer
Consequences Of Stress-Induced Trait Plasticity In Cultivated Helianthus, Gillian Gomer
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES) describes the continuous range of leaf ecophysiological strategies that plants across the globe utilize to achieve a net-positive return on their resource investment. This spectrum is measured by traits such as leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen, and leaf lifespan. Unsuitable leaf trait combinations are selected against in nature due to a net-loss on the return of initial resource investment, while some potentially extremely effective trait combinations may not be possible due to genetic constraints. Existing genetic variation in LES traits, however, suggests the spectrum may be less rigid than previously expected. To test this, …
Non-Lethal Predictors Of Organ Level Metal Contaminants In Central Florida Red-Shouldered Hawks, Jennifer Bouchenot
Non-Lethal Predictors Of Organ Level Metal Contaminants In Central Florida Red-Shouldered Hawks, Jennifer Bouchenot
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Elemental contaminants aggregate in the environment due to human activity and can induce detrimental physiological effects within organisms. Birds exhibit exceptional susceptibility to many pollutants and are popular biomonitoring agents throughout the world. Birds of prey are of special interest due to their substantial biomagnification potential. Lethal sampling of internal organs yields accurate contaminant measurements, but recent sampling trends are endeavoring towards non-destructive sampling such as feathers. This methodological shift stems from researchers' preference for less-regulated samples, enhanced animal welfare, and broadening the possible collaborative audience with simpler protocols. Unfortunately, investigations of feathers have shown that their accuracy is capricious …
A Drosophila P5b-Type Atpase Is Required For Polyamine Transport, David Brown
A Drosophila P5b-Type Atpase Is Required For Polyamine Transport, David Brown
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
In eukaryotes P-type ATPases are represented by a superfamily of membrane ion and lipid transporters divided into five subclasses. Substrates for classes 1-4 have been identified, however little is known about the substrate specificity of the P-type 5A and 5B transporters. Here we show that the Drosophila gene anne boleyn encodes a family of six P5B-type ATPases. Using a combination of RNAi, insertional mutagenesis, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing we show that some of these isoforms are required for polyamine transport and others are not. In addition, we show that the Drosophila P5A-type ATPase, encoded by CG6230 is not required for …
A Mathematical Model For Predicting Animal Population Persistence On Fragmented Landscapes, Allyson Jones
A Mathematical Model For Predicting Animal Population Persistence On Fragmented Landscapes, Allyson Jones
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The effects of roads, buildings, and cities on animal populations are widespread and, often times, disastrous. These structures fragment animals' homes, inhibiting their ability to obtain essential resources and to reproduce. The question arises then: Under what circumstances can an animal population persist in a fragmented landscape? To attempt to answer this question, we present a spatially explicit reaction-diffusion model with varying growth and diffusion rates that incorporates animal behavior at points where habitats are fragmented for four different habitats. The outcome of extinction or persistence of the animal population is determined by examining the effects of changing parameters on …
Development Of Adjunctive Agents For Difluoromethylornithine Anti-Cancer Therapy, Aiste Dobrovolskaite
Development Of Adjunctive Agents For Difluoromethylornithine Anti-Cancer Therapy, Aiste Dobrovolskaite
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The native polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are small positively-charged molecules that can interact with negatively-charged macromolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins. These interactions aid in nucleic acid and protein conformational stability, thereby, making polyamines essential building blocks for cells. Polyamines are involved in various cellular functions including gene regulation, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Rapidly-proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, utilize high polyamine levels for cell growth. Targeting the polyamine addiction of cancers is a validated anti-cancer strategy. To achieve the maximal reduction of polyamine levels, polyamine blocking therapy (PBT) employs several compounds in combination. First, one can inhibit …
Bacterial Association Networks From Healthy And Cancer-Associated Gut Microbiomes, Mark Loftus
Bacterial Association Networks From Healthy And Cancer-Associated Gut Microbiomes, Mark Loftus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a diverse community of symbiotic microorganisms, mainly bacteria, that are known to play essential roles in maintaining the health of their human host. Disruption of this bacterial community has been associated with numerous diseases, including Colorectal Cancer (CRC). CRC is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As such, focus has been placed on the modulation of the bacterial community within the cancer-associated gut microbiome as the next step in possible CRC treatment and prevention strategies. To use the bacterial community for these purposes, a better understanding of the associations that …
Bird Abundance And Diversity And The Impact Of Oyster Reef Restoration On The Bird Community In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Usa, Jessica Copertino
Bird Abundance And Diversity And The Impact Of Oyster Reef Restoration On The Bird Community In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Usa, Jessica Copertino
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Birds are often used as indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem health. While birds have been monitored in other parts of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), there has been little research on birds in Mosquito Lagoon (ML, the northernmost portion of the IRL). This thesis first examines the abundance and diversity of birds in ML by using two years of photographic observations to assess seasonal variations and the use of various habitat features by specific bird taxa. Abundance and species richness were highest in winter, while evenness and Simpson's diversity were highest in summer. Moreover, natural and artificial habitat features were …
Stable Isotope Analysis Of An Invasive Crab Species, Charybdis Hellerii, In The Indian River Lagoon, Justin R. Meyer
Stable Isotope Analysis Of An Invasive Crab Species, Charybdis Hellerii, In The Indian River Lagoon, Justin R. Meyer
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The world has never been more connected than it is today. While this is true for people, it is also true for Earth's flora and fauna. Unfortunately, this connectedness has contributed to unprecedented invasive species introductions around the world. Most introductions result in an introduced species dying out in the newly invaded territory and never becoming established. Other introduced species establish and persist for years, but never have a noticeable effect on local ecosystems. However, occasionally, an invasive species gets introduced to a new area and has negative impacts on native plant and animal life. The Indo-Pacific swimming crab, Charybdis …
Awareness Of Genetic Predispositions That Increase The Risk Of Breast Cancer, Carly Huber
Awareness Of Genetic Predispositions That Increase The Risk Of Breast Cancer, Carly Huber
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the United States and is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Certain demographics, such as racial/ethnic, age, and gender groups, are underrepresented in breast cancer studies. This lack of representation results in issues with creating genetic tests, as variants associated with those groups are not being detected. Furthermore, these underrepresented demographics are receiving a worse prognosis than those that are overrepresented in research. This study aimed to understand how informed the understudied racial/ethnic, gender, and age populations are regarding breast cancer and genetic testing compared to …
Influence Of Body Composition, Velocity Profiles, And Sex-Related Differences On Army Combat Fitness Test Performance, David Boffey
Influence Of Body Composition, Velocity Profiles, And Sex-Related Differences On Army Combat Fitness Test Performance, David Boffey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) will become the United States Army's mandatory physical fitness test in March of 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ACFT performance and both body composition and velocity profiles, and to determine sex differences for these variables. Data was collected in November 2020 (Fall) and March 2021 (Spring) from male (n = 55) and female (n = 17) Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. Body composition was assessed with a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) device, and cadets completed a squat jump (SJ) force-velocity profile (FVP) and a hex …