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University of Central Florida

2021

Articles 31 - 59 of 59

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Distinct Responses Of Differentiated And Poorly-Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells To Lipid Peroxides, Nisreen Faizo Jan 2021

Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Distinct Responses Of Differentiated And Poorly-Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells To Lipid Peroxides, Nisreen Faizo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Lipid peroxides (LOOHs) abound in processed food and have been implicated in the pathology of diverse diseases including gut, cardiovascular, and cancer diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LOOHs contribute to disease have not been fully characterized. Caco-2 cells have been widely used to model human intestinal epithelium in metabolic studies. As differentiated (Diff) and poorly-differentiated (PDiff) Caco-2 cells represent good models of human enterocytes and intestinal tumor cells, respectively, we investigated the cellular response of Diff and PDiff Caco-2 cells to the most common dietary LOOH, 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE), in terms of differential gene expression, gene ontology and …


Modulation Of Fat Taste By Diet And Hormones, Ashley Calder Jan 2021

Modulation Of Fat Taste By Diet And Hormones, Ashley Calder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The prevalence of obesity worldwide continues to rise despite efforts to reverse the trend. While many factors contribute to the onset and maintenance of obesity, caloric intake and dietary composition have been shown be primary contributors. The oral cavity is one of the first systems to encounter food and determine its hedonic value. As the gateway to ingestion, the taste system plays a unique role in the initial decisions surrounding the control of food intake. Nutrients like carbohydrates, protein, minerals, and fat all have dedicated systems to allow their recognition at this outermost site of the enteric nervous system. Recent …


Assessing The Role Of Disturbance In Estuarine Fish Community Dynamics, Dakota Lewis Jan 2021

Assessing The Role Of Disturbance In Estuarine Fish Community Dynamics, Dakota Lewis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Ecological disturbances alter biotic communities and ecosystems. In many coastal zones disturbances are increasing, including algal blooms, storms, hypoxic events, and fish kills. These disturbances are often related, for example blooms releasing toxins or depleting dissolved oxygen, ultimately killing fish. Depending on the intensity, duration, and geographic extent of a disturbance, the fish community can take days to years to recover from disturbances. To explore the relationships among environmental disturbances, sport fish, and forage fish communities, this thesis examined two Florida estuaries with differing disturbance regimes. Using an ensemble modelling approach combining generalized linear models (GLM), Bayesian modelling, and Bayesian …


Monitoring Landscape And Spectral Dynamics Of Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands That Have Undergone Hydrological Restoration, Sarah Parker Jan 2021

Monitoring Landscape And Spectral Dynamics Of Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands That Have Undergone Hydrological Restoration, Sarah Parker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Over the last century, millions of hectares of wetlands have been lost due to urban development and agricultural activities throughout the world. In the U.S., efforts have been made by federal and state legislation to restore wetland habitat in exchange for development on wetlands. To restore ecosystem function by reestablishing hydrological metrics (e.g., groundwater level fluctuations), wetland restoration aims to facilitate the growth of wetland vegetation to approximate the original conditions as a proxy for ecological integrity. In 1992, the first landscape-scale off-site mitigation project, the Disney Wilderness Preserve (DWP) was funded by the Walt Disney Company in Poinciana, Florida. …


Neuroglobin And Its Role In The Recovery Of Neuronal Cells In Hypoxic Conditions Using Hypoxia Inducible Factor– 1, Riya Shah Jan 2021

Neuroglobin And Its Role In The Recovery Of Neuronal Cells In Hypoxic Conditions Using Hypoxia Inducible Factor– 1, Riya Shah

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Stroke is the world's leading cause of adult disability, caused by lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain due to a blood clot in a major artery. This leads to ischemic damage of neuronal cells that leads to paralysis, motor, and speech deficits. While most stroke therapies aim at removing or reducing the blood clots in the brain, few treatments target cell damage. Neuroglobin (NGB) is a protein in the brain that is able to aid in neuroprotection following oxidative stress. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that serves as a marker for cell recovery after hypoxia or …


The Relationship Between Rapid Weight Loss And Physical Performance In Combat Sports, Sean P. Cavey Jan 2021

The Relationship Between Rapid Weight Loss And Physical Performance In Combat Sports, Sean P. Cavey

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between rapid weight loss and physical performance in combat sports athletes. The inclusion criteria were rapid weight loss and physical performance effects among combat sports researched in the last 20 years. Phrases, as well as keywords, were searched using multiple databases. The keywords included mixed martial arts (MMA), judo, wrestling, taekwondo, boxing, studies that looked at multiple disciplines at once, and unspecified disciplines. Results of the literature review indicate that there are negative effects on performance due to rapid weight loss and dehydration in combat sports. Appendix …


Linking Magnetoreception To Cacna1d Homolog Protein Insertions In Vertebrates, Annabelle S. Levin Jan 2021

Linking Magnetoreception To Cacna1d Homolog Protein Insertions In Vertebrates, Annabelle S. Levin

Honors Undergraduate Theses

It is well-established that numerous animals can perceive the geomagnetic field. This ability, called magnetoreception, has been studied extensively but the mechanisms for how animals perceive the geomagnetic field remain unclear. Understanding magnetoreception is vital for characterizing the navigational abilities of animals and how biological systems interact with magnetic fields. Recent research examining pigeons, an animal is known to exhibit a magnetic sense, identified two interesting genes that may be involved in magnetoreception. One of these genes, calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D (CACNA1D), contains a short amino acid insertion (designated by the amino acids -KKER) in animals known to …


Association Between Plasma Genistein And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Tran Pham Jan 2021

Association Between Plasma Genistein And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Tran Pham

Honors Undergraduate Theses

According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death in American women. Breast cancer screenings and improvement in treatments have resulted in the rising number of survivors in the recent decade. This urged the need for post-diagnosis lifestyle changes to improve breast cancer patients' quality of life. Many studies found soy food, the primary dietary source of phytoestrogens, has a protective effect against breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Dietary phytoestrogens can be classified into two groups: isoflavones and lignans. Daidzein and genistein were identified as the …


Sequence-Independent Assay For Hiv Viral Load Quantitation, Omar El Merhebi Jan 2021

Sequence-Independent Assay For Hiv Viral Load Quantitation, Omar El Merhebi

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Although nucleic acid tests (NATs) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibit many advantages, such as early detection and viral load quantification, over immunological assays, their widespread use is limited by their demand for high-level infrastructure, sophisticated equipment, and advanced staff competence. Furthermore, when quantifying viral loads of patients, it has been reported that these assays can underestimate viral quantities by 22- to 100-fold due to primer-template mismatches in more divergent HIV subtypes. Therefore, we have developed a cost-effective and sequence-independent assay for the detection and quantification of HIV utilizing a modified nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) protocol coupled to an …


Consequences Of Stress-Induced Trait Plasticity In Cultivated Helianthus, Gillian Gomer Jan 2021

Consequences Of Stress-Induced Trait Plasticity In Cultivated Helianthus, Gillian Gomer

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES) describes the continuous range of leaf ecophysiological strategies that plants across the globe utilize to achieve a net-positive return on their resource investment. This spectrum is measured by traits such as leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen, and leaf lifespan. Unsuitable leaf trait combinations are selected against in nature due to a net-loss on the return of initial resource investment, while some potentially extremely effective trait combinations may not be possible due to genetic constraints. Existing genetic variation in LES traits, however, suggests the spectrum may be less rigid than previously expected. To test this, …


Correlations In Microplastic Abundance Between Water, The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And Their Biodeposits In A Dynamic Florida Estuary, Casey Craig Jan 2021

Correlations In Microplastic Abundance Between Water, The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, And Their Biodeposits In A Dynamic Florida Estuary, Casey Craig

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Estuaries have been identified as hotspots of microplastic pollution because they are transitional zones where coastal freshwater and oceans converge. Microplastics (MP) are transported through estuaries by a dynamic series of forces such as surface flow and tides, which influence MP abundances and trends. The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is an estuarine bivalve known to ingest MP, resulting in negative impacts on organism physiology. I investigated MP pollution as a threat to C. virginica in a dynamic Florida estuary, the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), and determined there are both regional and small-scale spatial and temporal fluctuations in MP abundance. Tributaries …


Computational Study Of Target Gene Interactions - Enhancers And Micrornas, Amlan Talukder Jan 2021

Computational Study Of Target Gene Interactions - Enhancers And Micrornas, Amlan Talukder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Gene expression is an essential mechanism for physical and mental development of human. Aberrant regulation of gene expression creates abnormality in human body than can lead to complicated diseases. Gene expression can be regulated at any stage from the chromatin unfolding stage to post-translation stage of protein. In this study, we focused on two important factors of gene expression regulation that participate in the gene expression process at the transcription and the post-transcriptional stages; enhancer-promoter interactions and miRNA-mRNA interactions. The enhancer-promoter interactions are difficult to detect due to the large distance between the enhancer and promoter region and cell-specific activity …


Competence Transcriptome Changes In Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Smitha Shambhu Jan 2021

Competence Transcriptome Changes In Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Smitha Shambhu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human commensal and the causative agent of pneumococcal disease. Pneumococci are naturally competent – able to uptake exogenous DNA from the environment and incorporate it into their genome through homologous and non-homologous recombination. Recombination has significantly shaped the evolutionary history of S. pneumoniae, as it allows pneumococci to rapidly adapt to interventions such as antibiotic therapy or vaccine introduction. Recombination frequencies vary considerably across pneumococcal populations; yet the underlying mechanisms for these variations are not well understood. Entry and exit into competence, a state in which the cell can uptake DNA, is tightly regulated through transcriptional …


Contextualizing The Acute Responses To Arm Cycling, Nicolas Clark Jan 2021

Contextualizing The Acute Responses To Arm Cycling, Nicolas Clark

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The prescription of aerobic exercise modalities engaging the arm musculature have the potential to extend the reach of physical activity and promote cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with lower body impairment due to excessive body mass, and among individuals seeking to complement and diversify standard leg training. This study compared the acute cardiopulmonary responses obtained during arm cycling and leg cycling performed at different intensities among lean and average (LA) and overfat and obese individuals (OFO). Participants were 37 young and relatively healthy adults. They were tested for mode-specific peak power output and work rate at ventilatory threshold during two randomized …


Long-Term Changes In Juvenile Green Turtle Abundance And Foraging Ecology In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Christopher Long Jan 2021

Long-Term Changes In Juvenile Green Turtle Abundance And Foraging Ecology In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Christopher Long

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Marine turtles are distributed in temperate, sub-tropical and tropical waters and beaches worldwide, often in areas heavily impacted by humans. Although there are many threats to marine turtle populations, the growing threats of nutrient pollution and harmful algal blooms are relatively understudied despite their widespread impacts on coastal marine ecosystems that marine turtles depend on. By studying juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, where nutrient pollution and HABs are a widespread and longstanding issue, I aimed to conduct a case study of how these threats may affect this federally Threatened species. In Chapter 2, I …


The Motuporamines Act Through Rho1 And Rac To Control Actin Dynamics In Drosophila, Corey Seavey Jan 2021

The Motuporamines Act Through Rho1 And Rac To Control Actin Dynamics In Drosophila, Corey Seavey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Given that most cancer patients die from metastatic disease, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that inhibit the spread of tumors. Studies show that the motuporamines activate the small GTPase RhoA to prevent cancer cell migration, but little is known about the mechanism of action of dihydromotuporamine C (Motu33) and its synthetic derivative Motu-(CH2)-33. In the present study, I investigated the biomolecular processes of these compounds in Drosophila by reducing the gene dose of positive and negative regulators of actin dynamics. Consistent with previous findings, reduced gene dose of Rho1 (the Drosophila RhoA ortholog) attenuates motuporamine activity confirming …


Spermidine Rescued Ptpn2/22 Function In Crispr-Cas9-Edited T-Cells With Ptpn2/22 Snps Linked To Crohn's Disease And Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ameera Shaw Jan 2021

Spermidine Rescued Ptpn2/22 Function In Crispr-Cas9-Edited T-Cells With Ptpn2/22 Snps Linked To Crohn's Disease And Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ameera Shaw

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Inflammatory autoimmune diseases like Crohn's Disease (CD) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) share some of the same single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor types 2 and 22 (PTPN2/22), which contribute to their pathogenesis. In clinical CD and RA samples, PTPN2:rs478582 and PTPN22:rs2476601 were found to exacerbate a number of inflammatory processes associated with CD and RA. To confirm the role of these SNPs in CD and RA pathogenesis, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to induce the SNPs in T-cells. Cells were also treated with the naturally occurring polyamine, spermidine, to restore PTPN2/22 function and reverse the inflammatory effects of the …


Using Genetics In A Model Organism To Understand Polyamine Transport, Victoria A. Millington Jan 2021

Using Genetics In A Model Organism To Understand Polyamine Transport, Victoria A. Millington

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Polyamines are small positively charged molecules that control major vital cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, gene expression, protein production and cell death. Cells can obtain polyamines by making them (biosynthesis) or bringing them into the cell from the outside (transport). Cancer cells require high levels of polyamines to sustain their rapid growth, and depletion of polyamines slows the growth of malignant cells. An FDA approved drug, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), blocks biosynthesis but is often ineffective because tumor cells respond by increasing transport of polyamines. Thus, a dual therapy that simultaneously targets polyamine biosynthesis and transport is needed. The mechanism …


Influence Of Body Composition, Velocity Profiles, And Sex-Related Differences On Army Combat Fitness Test Performance, David Boffey Jan 2021

Influence Of Body Composition, Velocity Profiles, And Sex-Related Differences On Army Combat Fitness Test Performance, David Boffey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) will become the United States Army's mandatory physical fitness test in March of 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ACFT performance and both body composition and velocity profiles, and to determine sex differences for these variables. Data was collected in November 2020 (Fall) and March 2021 (Spring) from male (n = 55) and female (n = 17) Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. Body composition was assessed with a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) device, and cadets completed a squat jump (SJ) force-velocity profile (FVP) and a hex …


A Drosophila P5b-Type Atpase Is Required For Polyamine Transport, David Brown Jan 2021

A Drosophila P5b-Type Atpase Is Required For Polyamine Transport, David Brown

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

In eukaryotes P-type ATPases are represented by a superfamily of membrane ion and lipid transporters divided into five subclasses. Substrates for classes 1-4 have been identified, however little is known about the substrate specificity of the P-type 5A and 5B transporters. Here we show that the Drosophila gene anne boleyn encodes a family of six P5B-type ATPases. Using a combination of RNAi, insertional mutagenesis, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing we show that some of these isoforms are required for polyamine transport and others are not. In addition, we show that the Drosophila P5A-type ATPase, encoded by CG6230 is not required for …


A Mathematical Model For Predicting Animal Population Persistence On Fragmented Landscapes, Allyson Jones Jan 2021

A Mathematical Model For Predicting Animal Population Persistence On Fragmented Landscapes, Allyson Jones

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The effects of roads, buildings, and cities on animal populations are widespread and, often times, disastrous. These structures fragment animals' homes, inhibiting their ability to obtain essential resources and to reproduce. The question arises then: Under what circumstances can an animal population persist in a fragmented landscape? To attempt to answer this question, we present a spatially explicit reaction-diffusion model with varying growth and diffusion rates that incorporates animal behavior at points where habitats are fragmented for four different habitats. The outcome of extinction or persistence of the animal population is determined by examining the effects of changing parameters on …


Bacterial Association Networks From Healthy And Cancer-Associated Gut Microbiomes, Mark Loftus Jan 2021

Bacterial Association Networks From Healthy And Cancer-Associated Gut Microbiomes, Mark Loftus

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a diverse community of symbiotic microorganisms, mainly bacteria, that are known to play essential roles in maintaining the health of their human host. Disruption of this bacterial community has been associated with numerous diseases, including Colorectal Cancer (CRC). CRC is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As such, focus has been placed on the modulation of the bacterial community within the cancer-associated gut microbiome as the next step in possible CRC treatment and prevention strategies. To use the bacterial community for these purposes, a better understanding of the associations that …


Bird Abundance And Diversity And The Impact Of Oyster Reef Restoration On The Bird Community In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Usa, Jessica Copertino Jan 2021

Bird Abundance And Diversity And The Impact Of Oyster Reef Restoration On The Bird Community In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Usa, Jessica Copertino

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Birds are often used as indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem health. While birds have been monitored in other parts of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), there has been little research on birds in Mosquito Lagoon (ML, the northernmost portion of the IRL). This thesis first examines the abundance and diversity of birds in ML by using two years of photographic observations to assess seasonal variations and the use of various habitat features by specific bird taxa. Abundance and species richness were highest in winter, while evenness and Simpson's diversity were highest in summer. Moreover, natural and artificial habitat features were …


The Effects Of A Remote Based Exercise Intervention On Psychosocial Factors In Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Juan Mayo Jan 2021

The Effects Of A Remote Based Exercise Intervention On Psychosocial Factors In Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Juan Mayo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

AIM: The aim for this study was to identify the effects of physical activity (PA) on the psychosocial factors (PA self-efficacy, enjoyment of PA, perceived stress, and depression) amongst young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through the use of a 12-week remotely prescribed exercise program. METHODSs: This quasi-experimental study consisted of a 12-week remote-based exercise intervention (and a no-exercise control group) for young adults (18 – 35 years) with ASD. Participants were recruited through the Center for Autism and Related Disabilities (CARD), an organization that provides resources to individuals with ASD and their families. The exercise program occurred twice …


Development Of Adjunctive Agents For Difluoromethylornithine Anti-Cancer Therapy, Aiste Dobrovolskaite Jan 2021

Development Of Adjunctive Agents For Difluoromethylornithine Anti-Cancer Therapy, Aiste Dobrovolskaite

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The native polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are small positively-charged molecules that can interact with negatively-charged macromolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins. These interactions aid in nucleic acid and protein conformational stability, thereby, making polyamines essential building blocks for cells. Polyamines are involved in various cellular functions including gene regulation, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Rapidly-proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, utilize high polyamine levels for cell growth. Targeting the polyamine addiction of cancers is a validated anti-cancer strategy. To achieve the maximal reduction of polyamine levels, polyamine blocking therapy (PBT) employs several compounds in combination. First, one can inhibit …


Non-Lethal Predictors Of Organ Level Metal Contaminants In Central Florida Red-Shouldered Hawks, Jennifer Bouchenot Jan 2021

Non-Lethal Predictors Of Organ Level Metal Contaminants In Central Florida Red-Shouldered Hawks, Jennifer Bouchenot

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Elemental contaminants aggregate in the environment due to human activity and can induce detrimental physiological effects within organisms. Birds exhibit exceptional susceptibility to many pollutants and are popular biomonitoring agents throughout the world. Birds of prey are of special interest due to their substantial biomagnification potential. Lethal sampling of internal organs yields accurate contaminant measurements, but recent sampling trends are endeavoring towards non-destructive sampling such as feathers. This methodological shift stems from researchers' preference for less-regulated samples, enhanced animal welfare, and broadening the possible collaborative audience with simpler protocols. Unfortunately, investigations of feathers have shown that their accuracy is capricious …


Exploring Interleukin 21 And Its Role In Humoral Immunity In The Mouse Model Of Influenza Infection, Samantha E. Gallahan Jan 2021

Exploring Interleukin 21 And Its Role In Humoral Immunity In The Mouse Model Of Influenza Infection, Samantha E. Gallahan

Honors Undergraduate Theses

In summary, this study will be focused on Il-21 and its implications in the antibody response in influenza. The isotype classes primarily involved in this process will also be examined. This will be accomplished by looking at the serum of mice and analyzing the present influenza specific antibodies using ELISA. Another goal was to optimize the ELISA in order to make it sensitive enough to catch small differences in the results. This topic is important due to its implications for improving influenza vaccinations and preventions as current vaccines are not 100% effective. Influenza contributes to significant disease and death around …


Stable Isotope Analysis Of An Invasive Crab Species, Charybdis Hellerii, In The Indian River Lagoon, Justin R. Meyer Jan 2021

Stable Isotope Analysis Of An Invasive Crab Species, Charybdis Hellerii, In The Indian River Lagoon, Justin R. Meyer

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The world has never been more connected than it is today. While this is true for people, it is also true for Earth's flora and fauna. Unfortunately, this connectedness has contributed to unprecedented invasive species introductions around the world. Most introductions result in an introduced species dying out in the newly invaded territory and never becoming established. Other introduced species establish and persist for years, but never have a noticeable effect on local ecosystems. However, occasionally, an invasive species gets introduced to a new area and has negative impacts on native plant and animal life. The Indo-Pacific swimming crab, Charybdis …


Awareness Of Genetic Predispositions That Increase The Risk Of Breast Cancer, Carly Huber Jan 2021

Awareness Of Genetic Predispositions That Increase The Risk Of Breast Cancer, Carly Huber

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the United States and is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Certain demographics, such as racial/ethnic, age, and gender groups, are underrepresented in breast cancer studies. This lack of representation results in issues with creating genetic tests, as variants associated with those groups are not being detected. Furthermore, these underrepresented demographics are receiving a worse prognosis than those that are overrepresented in research. This study aimed to understand how informed the understudied racial/ethnic, gender, and age populations are regarding breast cancer and genetic testing compared to …