Life Sciences Commons^™

Body Composition Assessment Methods: A Systematic Review And Recommendations, Ygnacio Lopez Iii, Scherezade Mama, Penny Wilson, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Physical Activity Resource Attributes And Obesity In Low-Income African Americans Living In Public Housing, Kristen M. Mcalexander, Jorge A. Banda, Joshua W. Mcalexander, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Depression And Percent Body Fat Are Associated With Binge Eating In A Community Sample Of African American And Hispanic Women, Penny Wilson, Paula C. Rhode, Daniel P. O'Connor, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Daily Variation In Monocyte Subsets And Toll-Like Receptor 2 And 4 Expression In Young And Old Mice, Whitney L. Breslin, Kelley Strohacker, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Voluntary Exercise Causes Greater Weight Loss In Obese Mice, Katie C. Carpenter, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Mark R. Morrison, Joseph Potucek, Nadia Agha, Richard J. Simpson Phd, Thomas W. Lowder Phd, Brian K. Mcfarlin Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Regular Physical Activity Is Correlated With A Reduced Frequency Of Senescent T-Lymphocytes In Middle-Aged Men, Guillaume Spielmann, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Paula J.W. Smith, Keith Guy, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Age-Related Differences In Monocyte Toll-Like Receptor 2/4 And Cd54 Expression In Mice, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Muscular Benefits Of 13 Weeks Of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling After Spinal Cord Injury, John Ward, Stanley Fisher, Adam Thrasher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Body Image And Physical Activity In African American Women, Scherezade K. Mama, Beth E. Quill Mph, Maria E. Fernandez-Esquer Phd, Jacqueline Y. Reese-Smith, Jorge A. Banda, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Use Of The Timed Walk Test, Physiological Cost Index And Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire As Outcomes Measurements For The Validation Of The Legs M1 Knee, Katie Leatherwood, Wayne Jacobs, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

LeTourneau Empowering Global Solutions (LEGS) administered a preliminary study comparing energy cost and patient satisfaction of three different prosthetic knee configurations. The LEGS M1 knee was compared with both a locked LEGS M1 knee and the OrthoEurope 4-bar (OE4bar) knee. Energy cost was measured using the Physiological Cost Index (PCI) and Timed Walk Test (TWT). Patient satisfaction was measured using the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). The TWT and PCI indicated that the LEGS M1 knee was more costly to walk with than the OE4Bar conformation. In the comparison between the LEGS MI knee and the locked configuration, TWT and PCI …

Integral Effects Of Systemic Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition On Carotid Arterial Compliance, Jun Sugawara, Hidehiko Komine, Mutsuko Yoshizawa, Yoko Saito, Mariko Nakamura, Ryuichi Ajisaka, Seiji Maeda, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Decreased arterial compliance (increased arterial stiffness) is associated with cardiovascular events. Nitric oxide regulates vascular tone, which can influence arterial compliance. We previously investigated the effects of systemic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on arterial compliance under the systemic α-adrenergic receptor blocking. In the present study, we investigated the effect of systemic NOS inhibition alone on central arterial compliance (via carotid arterial ultrasound imaging and applanation tonometry). Eighteen apparently healthy young adults (26±1 years) underwent intravenous infusions of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) or placebo (saline) on separate days. In the placebo control condition, no significant changes were observed in mean arterial pressure, …

Association Of Aerobic Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome In Male Firefighters, Christina Durcan, Jennifer M. Markos

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Association of Aerobic Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Male Firefighters. Durcan, C.M.*, S.E. Martin‡, B.S. Lambert†, N.P. Greene†, J.M. Markos†, A.F. Carbuhn†, J.S. Green‡, FACSM and S.F. Crouse‡, FACSM. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. A study by R. Jurca et.al., in Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(38), found a relationship between aerobic fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Information on this relationship in …

Prediction Of The Total Energy Cost Of An Acute Bout Of Resistance Exercise In Young Men And Women, Brad S. Lambert, Steven E. Martin, John S. Green Facsm, Aaron F. Carbuhn, Stephen F. Crouse Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Prediction of the Total Energy Cost of an Acute Bout of Resistance Exercise in Young Men and Women

Brad S. Lambert†, Steven E. Martin‡, John S. Green‡ (FACSM), Aaron F. Carbuhn†, Stephen F. Crouse‡ (FACSM). Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Sponsor S.F. Crouse)

ACSM currently recommends resistance training (RT) for each major muscle group at least 2 times per week with a traditional repetition range of 8-12 per set. Because many investigators as well as fitness professionals consider kcal expenditure when creating training protocols, energy costs during both RT and aerobic training must be …

Exercise Attenuates Ctgf Levels, Delaying The Onset Of Fibrosis In The Aging Left Ventricle, Claire N. Canon, Jong-Hee Kim, Sean M. Courtney, Brandon Macias, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Aging is associated with a progressive increase in collagen (i.e., fibrosis) in the aging heart. Fibrosis is associated with a stiffening of the heart and a decrease in heart function. Previous data (Kwak, 2008) showed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the aging heart is decreased linked to an elevation TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of MMPs-1); while exercise training increased TIMP-1 and reduced MMP expression. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an upstream inhibitor of TIMP-1 and is implicated in diabetes and heart failure. We hypothesized that exercise would decrease CTGF levels, thus reducing fibrosis in the aged left ventricle. Young …

Short-Term Changes In Ldl Density And Lipoprotein Particle Number In Trained Men After 3 Different Modes Of Exercise, Jonathan M. Oliver

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Short-Term Changes in LDL Density and Lipoprotein Particle Number in Trained Men After 3 Different Modes of Exercise Jonathan M. Oliver, Steven E. Martin, Shawn P. Glowacki, Wade Womack, John S. Green, FACSM, and Stephen F. Crouse, FACSM, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, (Sponsor: S. F. Crouse) PURPOSE: To determine the short-term changes in LDL density and lipoprotein particle number after three different modes of exercise in trained men. METHODS: Twenty seven subjects were randomly assigned to complete either (resistance [RE], endurance [EE], or combination resistance/endurance [CE]) exercise. Fasting blood samples were obtained 24 h before (baseline) and 24 h …

The Effects Of Exercise On Caspase-Independent Mitochondrial Proteins In Regards To Age-Related Apoptosis, Sean M. Courtney, Jong Hee Kim, Brandon R. Macias, Claire N. Canon, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise may have protective factors in reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptosis with aging. It is presently unclear whether the caspase-independent apoptosis via EndonucleaseG (EndoG) and Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleosome is effected by exercise in aging skeletal muscle. It is understood that in aging skeletal muscle EndoG and AIF do translocate from the mitochondria to the nucleosome. We hypothesize that exercise will attenuate the translocation of EndoG and AIF from the mitochondria to the nucleosome in aging white gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four Fischer Brown Norway rats were randomly assigned to four …

T-Lymphocyte Activation Is Not Affected By The Mobilization Of Senescent T-Cells Into The Peripheral Blood Following An Acute Bout Of Exercise, David B. Bartlett, Cormac Cosgrove Dr, Guillaume Spielmann, Keith Guy Dr, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well recognized that individuals are at an increased risk of illness following an arduous exercise regime. Exercise may affect activation status of cells and play a pivotal role in defense against pathogenic invasion. CD69 is the earliest known expressed cell surface antigen of T-cell activation and is a reliable marker of cell activation status (Green et al. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35, 582-588: 2003). Exercise is known to alter the frequency of senescent cells in the blood expressing the cell surface glycoprotein killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), and are antigen-experienced and unable to clonally expand upon further …

Does Endurance Training Modify The Decrease In Skeletal Mass And Changes In The Body Composition With Restricted Caloric Intake?, Samantha M. Manning

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The common practice among many, including athletes and military personnel, when attempting to lose weight is to limit caloric intake and also to burn off excess calories through exercise.

Our goal was to measure the effects of graded reductions of energy availability on bone mass and body composition in young adult female rats. Reduced energy availability was achieved by increasing exercise energy expenditure and/or reducing caloric intake. After acclimation, 72 rats (5-mo-old) were randomly assigned to one of 6 groups. ADLIB-EX and ADLIB-SED were fed AIN-93M ad lib. Energy restricted, exercised groups (ER20-EX & ER40-EX) and sedentary energy-restricted groups (ER20-SED …

The Effects Of A Nad(P)H Oxidase Inhibition On Matrix Metalloproteinases And Timp-1 In The Mdx Diaphragm, Jong-Hee Kim, Hyo-Bum Kwak, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by devastating muscle degeneration that includes oxidative stress, loss of contractile tissue, muscle weakness and increased fibrosis in respiratory muscles (e.g., diaphragm). The mdx mice diaphragm undergoes a progressive degeneration similar to that occurring in patients with DMD. We showed that apocynin, a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, protects against reduction in diaphragm mass, oxidative capacity, and apoptosis. We hypothesized that apocynin (1.5mmol/L per day) would attenuate extramyocyte space and collagen content by ameliorating matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (e.g., TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the mdx diaphragm. Eight to …

Comparison Of Retrofit Facemask To Mouthpiece For Metabolic Measures And Flow Rates, Abhishek Kelkar, Kevin Kendrick, Daniel Chilek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Comparison of Retrofit Facemask to Mouthpiece for Metabolic Measures and Flow Rates Kelkar, A., Kendrick, K., and Chilek, D. R. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Lamar University, Beaumont TX PURPOSE: To compare metabolic measures (VO2, VCO2) and flow rates (VE) between use of a retrofit preVent™ neoprene mask (MA) and mouthpiece (MP) with nose clip. METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects [males (n = 18, 22.0 ± 2.5 years) and females (n = 12, 25.0 ± 6.3 years)] underwent four different intensity stages; rest (R), low (L), moderate (M) and high (H). Each stage had two, six minute sub stages, one with …

Effect Of Unstable Base Of Support On Energy Expenditure Of Resistance Training Exercise, Jason P. Campbell, Kevin Kendrick, Daniel Chilek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Effect of Unstable Base of Support on Energy Expenditure of Resistance Training Exercise

Campbell, J., Kendrick, K. and Chilek, D. R.

Department of Health and Kinesiology, Lamar University, Beaumont TX

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of an unstable base of support on energy expenditure of a short duration, moderate intensity circuit resistance exercise. METHODS: Participants were 1 female and 8 males (27.0±6.7 yrs.). Data collection included 2 conditions: 1) standing on inflatable balance discs (unstable) and 2) standing on the floor (stable). The order of each condition was counterbalanced and separated by at least one day. Duration of …

Long-Term Weight Gain In Response To High-Fat Feeding In Cd-1 Mice, Whitney Breslin, Kelley Strohacker, Katie C. Carpenter, Lisa Esposito, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background. Excessive weight gain is known to cause numerous health related consequences in humans and rodents. Due to ethical issues, it is not appropriate to cause weight gain in humans. From an experimental design prospective, murine models are often used to measure the effect of weight gain. Despite the validity of murine models, there is little published information concerning long-term weight gain when mice consume a high-fat (60% of calories from fat) diet. The purpose of this study was to examine weight gain during high-fat feeding in wild type CD-1 male mice. Methods. This study utilized data collected during the …

Effect Of Hatha Yoga On Stress And Recovery Of Female Collegiate Athletes, Pritha Sharma, Kevin Kendrick, Daniel R. Chilek Jr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Effect of Hatha Yoga on Stress and Recovery of Female Collegiate Athletes

Sharma, P., Kendrick, K., and Chilek, D.

Department of Health & Kinesiology

Lamar University, Beaumont, TX

PURPOSE: To determine the acute effect of Hatha yoga participation on stress and recovery of collegiate female athletes (cross country, soccer and volleyball). METHOD: Twenty five healthy female athletes were randomly divided into two groups, experimental (Yoga, Y; n=14, age=19.3±1.3 years) and control (No Yoga, C; n=11, age=19.7±3.6 years). Hatha yoga was performed on four consecutive days, at 30-40 minutes per session, and consisted of breathing exercise, meditation, asanas/postures, sun salute, and …

A Descriptive And Comparative Study Of Physical And Performance Characteristics Of Ncaa Division Ii And Division Iii Softball Players., Nicole L. Dickson, Chuck Ruot, Melissa Madeson, Lindsay Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Abstract. Dickson, N., Ruot, C., Madeson, M., and Edwards, L. A descriptive and comparative study of physical and performance characteristics of NCAA Division II and Division III softball players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the physical and performance characteristics of Division II and III softball players. This research also aimed to collect physical and performance measurements to begin the establishment of normative data on college softball players

Methods: Participants included two teams of female varsity National College Athletic Association Division (NCAA) II (N=19) and III (N=16) student-athletes. Athletes were evaluated prior to the softball …

Frequency Influences The Regularity Of The Structural Variations Present In The Leg Swing Kinematics, Vladimir Ivkovic, Max J. Kurz

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The regularity of human motor patterns has been linked to age and disease states [1]. For example, the structural variations that are found in a rhythmical finger force task are less regular in the aged and individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1]. These observed changes represent an inability of the nervous system to integrate the motor-sensory information for the maintenance of a regular motor pattern [1,2]. Currently, it is unknown if the changes in regularity of the structural variations persist while performing a rhythmical motor task with the lower extremity, and if the frequency of the rhythmical pattern influences the …

The Effects Of Abdominal Strength On Firefighting Ability, Marcos A. Michaelides, Koulla M. Parpa, Barry Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this project was to identify the relationships between various fitness parameters such as: upper body muscular endurance, upper and lower body strength, flexibility, anaerobic power, abdominal strength, body composition and the performance on an “Ability Test” (AT) that includes a set of six simulated firefighting tasks. Ninety firefighters participated in this study (age 33.54 ± 6.95 years). Firefighting ability was determined based on the time of completion of the AT. Abdominal strength was determined on an isometric device (AbMed). Abdominal strength was significantly inversely correlated (r = -.54, p < .01) with the overall performance on the AT test indicating that higher the abdominal strength was associated with shorter time of completion of the AT. Abdominal strength was also related with high performance (shorter times) on all six individual simulated firefighting tasks. In addition, the results of the multiple regression demonstrated that abdominal strength had a significant effect on the overall time to complete the AT. Abdominal strength contributed significantly [t(53) = -2.94, p < .01] to the predictive power of firefighter’s time to complete the set of firefighting tasks as described in the AT test. The most common test to evaluated core fitness among firefighters was based on the performance on the sit-up test which measures muscular endurance rather than muscular strength. The results of this study demonstrated that abdominal strength might be a better contributor to firefighting ability than abdominal muscular endurance, as determined by the sit-up test. The results presented in this study are unique since the method used to assess abdominal strength was not previously implemented on firefighters.

Interval Training And Heart Rate Variability (Hrv) In Type 2 Diabetic Patients., Koulla M. Parpa, Marcos A. Michaelides, Barry Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiovascular autonomic function as determined by HRV, in type 2 diabetic patients. Fourteen type 2 diabetic individuals (Mean age ± SD = 57± 6.71 years) participated in the study. Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded at baseline and 12-weeks after training. HRV was assessed from calculation of the mean R-R interval and its standard deviation measured on a 5-min ECG. Type 2 diabetic participants followed a 12-week HIIT on a treadmill consisting of four 30- min sessions per week. A HIIT session involved a …

The Effects Of Female Sex Hormones (Birth Control Contraceptive) On Measures Of Endothelial Function, Kara N. Weaver, Bridgett Ugoletti, Joel B. Mitchell, Dennis Cheek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Endothelial function has been shown to be influenced by many variables, including, but not limited to body composition, disease state, dietary fat intake, medication, and sex hormones, in particular estrogen. Specifically in women, changes in the functioning level of endothelial cells vary in response to changes in estrogen levels in the body.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hormonal birth control contraceptives on endothelial function, or more specifically, on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).

Method: 61 female participants between the ages of 18 and 28 (21.54 ± 2.03) with BMI ranging from 17.47 to 35.03 …

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia: The Effects Of Carbohydrate And Hydration Status On Il-6, Adh, And Sodium Concentrations, Kimberly A. Hubing, Laura R. Quigg, John T. Bassett, Melody D. Phillips, James J. Barbee, Joel B. Mitchell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (serum sodium < 135 mmol/L) is a rare, but serious condition that has been identified in those engaging in prolonged, physical activity conducted in the heat. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydration status and glycogen level on plasma IL-6, ADH, and sodium concentrations during and after prolonged exercise in the heat. METHODS: Ten male participants completed four trials: a glycogen depleted, euhydrated condition (DE); a glycogen depleted, dehydrated condition (DD); a glycogen loaded, euhydrated condition (LE); and a glycogen loaded, dehydrated condition (LD) consisting of cycling 90 minutes at 60% VO2 max in a 35˚C environment followed by a 3-h rehydration (RH) period. During RH, subjects received either 150% of fluid lost (DD & LD) or an additional 50% of fluid lost (DE & LE). Exercise and RH blood samples were analyzed for glucose, IL-6, ADH, and Na+. Sweat and urine samples were analyzed for [Na+]. RESULTS: Post-exercise to post-rehydration [Na+] changes for LD, DD, DE and LE were -6.85, -6.7, -1.45 and 0.10 mM, respectively. Post-exercise [IL-6] for DD, LD, DE, and LE were 5.4, 4.0, 3.7, and 3.49 pg/mL, respectively. Post-exercise [ADH] for LD, DD, DE, and LE were 21.5, 12.8, 7.6, and 1.9 pg/mL, respectively. The number of hyponatremic measurements for all RH samples was 5, 5, 20, and 10 for LD, DD, DE, and LE, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite our glycogen and hydration manipulations, no regulatory effects of IL-6 and ADH on plasma sodium were observed. The timing of fluid intake did alter plasma sodium since euhydration during exercise combined with an additional 50% intake during RH, and a post-exercise RH volume of 150% of fluid lost both resulted in sodium concentrations below initial levels. Supported by a grant from the Gatorade Sports Science Institute.

Changes In Pparδ Protein Content Following Acute Aerobic Exercise In Human Vastus Lateralis Muscle., Nicholas P. Greene, Mats I. Nilsson, Bradley S. Lambert, Steven E. Riechman, James D. Fluckey, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PPARδ is a transcription factor which functions in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and may be implicated as a therapeutic target for several metabolic diseases. Exercise training has previously been shown to increase PPARδ protein content, but the response of PPARδ to acute exercise is not yet understood. PURPOSE: To explore changes in PPARδ protein content following an acute bout of aerobic exercise in untrained obese adults. METHODS: 8 men and 4 women participated in the study. Subjects’ mean age, weight, VO2MAX (Bruce treadmill GXT), and body composition (DEXA) were 44 yr, 93.2 kg, 28.2 mL/kg/min, and 40.5% …