Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Weekly Temperature Reduction On Nursery Pig Performance (1985), David A. Nichols, M Johnston, Frank Blecha, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 64 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of weekly temperature reductions. No differences were observed between treatments for average daily feed intake, daily gain, or feed efficiency. Pigs exposed to cooler temperatures during weeks 3 and 4 tended to consume more feed than those housed at 92 F for the entire period.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

Effect Of High Nutrient-Density Diets On Starter Pig Performance (1985), B C. Thaler, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments and an on-farm trial were conducted to compare the performance of weanling pigs fed a high nutrient-density diet (HNDD) to the performance of pigs fed standard corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diets. A total of 358 crossbred weanling pigs (approximately 21 days of age) were allotted to experimental treatments based on initial weight and ancestry. Average initial pen weights ranged from 6.5 to 21.9 lb for the three trials. Dietary treatments consisted of feeding HNDD for 1 or 2 weeks followed by either 20% whey diets and/or 1.25% lysine C-SBM diets, a 20% whey diet for 2 weeks followed by …

Effects Of Fish Protein Hydrolysate And Dried Whey In Starter Pig Diets (1985), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) as a protein source in starter diets for pigs. A total of 552 weaned pigs were used in three growth trials and one digestion study. All three growth trials were designed to determine the effect of FPH with and without dried whey on starter pig performance. The digestion study was designed to determine the effect of FPH with and without dried whey on nutrient digestibility. Adding 3% FPH to starter pig diets resulted in an improvement (8-17%) in average daily gain (ADG) over a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Feed efficiency …

Water Soluble Vitamin Needs Of Weaned Pigs (1985), M D. Newcomb, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials, using 360 pigs weaned at 17-27 days, were conducted to evaluate pig performance as affected by the addition of folic acid, thiamin, biotin, pyridoxine, or ascorbic acid to the diet. Combined data from Trial I and Trial II indicated that adding these supplemental vitamins did not improve daily gain or feed efficiency. These results suggest the addition of these supplemental water-soluble vitamins to a corn-soybean meal 20% whey diet or injection of a B-vitamin complex for pigs weaned at 3-4 weeks of age is not beneficial.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

Use Of Raw Soybeans In Sow Diets (1985), G L. Allee, De-Fa Li, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-six gilts were used to evaluate the effects of feeding raw soybeans during gestation, lactation, and rebreeding on sow and litter performance. Reproductive performance during two parities was not impaired by feeding raw soybeans. However, sows fed raw soybeans lost more weight during lactation than sows fed soybean meal. The factor (or factors) responsible for this increased weight loss during lactation and the long-term consequences remains to be determined.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

Dietary Energy Intake During Lactation And Following Weaning; Effects On Sow And Litter Performance (1985), S A. Dulohery, Jim L. Nelssen, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of energy intake during a 21-day lactation and from weaning to estrus on sow and litter performance was studied. Lactation treatments consisted of two energy intakes, either 8 (Low Energy; LE) or 16 (High Energy, HE) Meal of metabolized energy (ME) per sow per day. Lactation diets were equivalent to daily feed intakes of 6 or 12 lb, respectively, of a grain-soybean meal diet. Energy intake from weaning to first estrus was either 5.5 (LE) or 11 (HE) Meal of ME per sow per day, formulated to approximate feeding of 4 or 8 lb of a grain-soybean meal …

Transfer Of Fatty Acids Across The Swine Uterus And Placenta (1985), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, D L. Harmon, D A. Schoneweis, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The transfer across the swine uterus and placenta of [1-14C] octanoic acid, [9,10(n)- H] palmitic acid, and [1- 14C] linoleic acid was studied in five gilts and their fetuses during late gestation, following a single bolus injection. Only trace amounts of labeled fatty acids were found in fetal plasma lipid. There were no measureable differences in free fatty acids (FFA) from umbilical artery, and veinous blood. Concentration of FFA in fetal blood was about 40% of the level of uterine values (187, 194, 73, and 82 µEg/1 for uterine artery, uterine vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein). In addition, fetal …

Supplementation Of Swine Diets With Fat (1985), Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

After several years of intensive research) the addition of fat to swine diets continues to generate spirited discussion. The use of cereal grain-soybean meal diets in the swine industry is popular because of the plentiful supply and current low price of cereal grains. Fat is an excellent energy source for all classes of swine, with a value approximately 2.25 times that of carbohydrates.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

Growth Performance Of Pigs Infested With Sarcoptic Mange (1985), E L. Wooten, A B. Broce, Frank Blecha

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of sarcoptic mange on growth performance of pigs. Results from previous experiments with weaned pigs artificially infested with sarcoptic mites indicated no alteration of growth performance (average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency) in infested pigs. Two trials were conducted to further evaluate the effect of sarcoptic mange on pig growth performance. The first trial used 36, 90-lb pigs artificially infested twice or once with sarcoptic mites. Twice-infested pigs had higher average daily gain and improved feed efficiency 6 weeks after infestation than non-infested pigs. No alterations of growth …

Dry Vs. Wet Ad Libitum Feeding Of Finishing Swine (1985), J Vargas Vargas, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred finishing pigs were used to evaluate wet vs. dryad libitum feeding. Growth rate of finishing pigs was significantly improved (5%) by wet feeding. Feed utilization was improved 4.5% by wet feeding. Dry feeder type did not influence performance, since all pigs fed dry diets performed similarly. Likewise, pigs fed wet diets performed equally regardless of wet feeder type.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

Effect Of Mixing On Performance Of Finishing Swine (1985), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of mixing finishing pigs on subsequent performance. Growth rate of heavier pigs was reduced 15-35% in the two weeks after mixing when compared to the non-mixed pigs. This reduction in weight gain resulted in a significant difference in average daily gain overall for pigs mixed at 5 weeks compared to non-mixed pigs. An 8% reduction in the two weeks following mixing was observed for pigs mixed at 3 weeks compared to non-mixed pigs. However, during the following weeks of the trial, these pigs recovered, resulting in a non-significant reduction overall in …

Early Postpartum Hormonal Therapy Improves Fertility Of Dairy Cows (1985), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, M. Benmrad

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study of 234 Holstein cows was conducted to determine if hormonal treatments of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or Cystorelin®) and(or) prostaglandin F2α (PGF or Lutalyse®) given early after calving would improve subsequent fertility of dairy cows. Treatment of cows having abnormal conditions associated with calving (puerperal problems) reduced interval from calving to conception by 43 to 48 days when GnRH was given once between days 10 and 14 postpartum or when PGF was administered once between 20 and 24 days after calving compared with cows given only saline (controls). The reduction in days open was 27 to 29 days overall …

Comparison Of Am-Pm And Dhi Records (1985), James R. Dunham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A comparison was made of the AM-PM production testing program with the traditional DHI program during 13 test periods of 1984 in the KSU Dairy Teaching and Research Center herd. Although there were slight variations in daily milk weights and percentages of fat and protein in milk, rolling herd averages were nearly identical. Individual 305-2X-M.E. milk and fat records also were compared for 107 cows using both testing programs. Differences between testing programs were minimal) as most records varied by less than 1%. Therefore, it was concluded that the AM-PM program is a very accurate production test.; Dairy Day, 1985, …

Genetic Selection And Breeding Practices Of Kansas Holstein Herds In Relation To Yearly Level Of Production (1985), Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An analysis of 41,426 cows in 635 Kansas Holstein herds indicated that considerable improvement can be made in genetic gain by more stringent sire selection and greater use of proved bulls. The generation interval in dairy cattle is about 5 yr so a dairy producer has only a limited number of decisions by which to make genetic improvement. Maximum genetic gain is possible by breeding 80 percent of the herd to bulls in the 80+ percentile. The remainder of the herd should be bred to several young sires in a progeny test program to aid in selecting the meritorious sires …

Effect Of Calf-Starter Protein Solubility On Calf Performance (1985), J.L. Morrill, P.G. Reddy, Keith C. Behnke, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three starters containing differently processed protein supplements were fed to Holstein heifer calves, using an early weaning program. One starter contained soybean meal. The other starters contained soybean grits processed through an extrusion cooker to reduce the protein solubility to an intermediate (PDI>50%) or low (PDI<15 %) level. Calf performance was similar on all three starters.; Dairy Day, 1985, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1985;

Potential Of Interplanted Soybean And Grain Sorghum As A Forage For Dairy Cattle (1985), John E. Shirley, J. Evans

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Interplanted soybean (l00 to 120 lbs/acre) and grain sorghum (15 to 20 lbs/acre) were harvested at 64,88,102, 123, and 130 days postplanting to determine the ratio and chemical composition of vegetative and seed parts for each plant at advancing stages of maturity. Initial vegetative dry matter yield was 6,300 lbs/acre and increased to 15,000 lbs/acre with 63% vegetative at 123 days postplanting. Vegetative portions (stems, leaves, stalks) of the soybean and grain sorghum plants constituted 100% of the dry matter at day 64, then decreased to 52% at day 130, whereas the contribution of the soy pod (plus bean) and …

Potential Of Interseeded Soybean And Grain Sorghum As A Forage For Dairy Cattle (1985), John E. Shirley, J. Koger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soybeans interseeded with grain sorghum (soy-sorghum) was compared to corn silage as a silage crop for ruminant animals over a 3-year period. Results indicate that DM yields are comparable if soy-sorghum is seeded early (June 6) but less than corn silage when seeded late (June 28). Liquid manure may be substituted for commercial fertilizer without a significant decrease in soy-sorghum DM yield per acre.; Dairy Day, 1985, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1985;

Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate And Sodium Bentonite On Digestion And Rumen Fermentation Characteristics Of Forage Sorghum Silage-Based Diets Fed To Growing Steers (1985), K.A. Jacques, D.E. Axe, T.R. Harris, D.L. Harmon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One percent sodium bicarbonate (NaHCo3) increased intake of a 50% silage - 50% grain diet, but had no effect on intake of a full-feed sorghum silage diet. The addition of concentrate (rolled milo) slightly lowered rumen pH and decreased acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch digestion. NaHC03 had no effect on digestibility, but 2% bentonite lowered digestibility of NDF and ADF. Neither compound affected rumen fermentation characteristics.; Dairy Day, 1985, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1985;

Effect Of Moisture Level And Bale Size On Alfalfa Hay Quality (1985), A. Laytimi, C. Grimes, K.K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Third cutting alfalfa was baled in large I-ton rectangular bales and in small conventional bales at three moisture levels, low (10%), medium (16%), and high (22%). During 120 days of storage under a roof, the high-moisture, large bales heated the most, reaching 128 ÌŠ F by 2 days post baling in a first peak and 133 ÌŠF in a second peak by the 11 th day. Moderate heating occurred in the high-moisture, small bales (l08° F) and medium-moisture, large bales(103 ÌŠF). Only the high-moisture, small and large bales had significant loss of dry matter during storage. Also, heating decreased the …

Silage Additive Update: 1985 (1985), K.K. Bolsen, J.D. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Silage additives are receiving fairly widespread acceptance in the U.S. as management tools that are important for silage-making. Many products, which are added to the crop at the time of harvest or ensiling, are available commercially in Kansas. Some manufacturers/distributors make no claims for their products, primarily because management is such an important factor in making a good quality silage. Others claim their product will improve silage quality. When a claim is made, it is wise to check for evidence that the product has a favorable effect on the silage crop in question. Farm-scale silo trials at Kansas State University …

Rumensin Helps To Reduce The Incidence And Severity Of Legume Bloat In Cattle (1985), Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M.P. Katz, L.R. Fina

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Monensin at 300 mg and 450 mg per 1000 lbs body weight reduced the severity of alfalfa pasture bloat by 41.2 and 73.1 %, respectively. Lasalocid at the same levels reduced the bloat score by 25.5 and 12.4%. The difference between the two antibiotics appears to be in their ability to inhibit rumen protozoa. Monensin reduced protozoal population in the rumen, whereas lasalocid had no effect. A smaller protozoal population decreases compounds that contribute to frothiness and also increases substances such as plant chloroplasts, which have antifrothing properties.; Dairy Day, 1985, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1985;

Effect Of Serum From Vitamin E-Supplemented Calves On Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus Replication (1985), P.G. Reddy, J.L. Morrill, H.C. Minocha, R.A. Frey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Blood serum from Holstein calves supplemented with vitamin E at levels of 2800 mg orally or 1400 mg by injection at weekly intervals inhibited replication of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus in tissue cultures. Supplementing typical calf diets with vitamin E may increase protection against pathogens, at a time when they are more vulnerable to problems such as respiratory diseases.; Dairy Day, 1985, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1985;

1985 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, L. W. Lomas, K. W. Kelley, G. V. Granade, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Through annual research reports, the Southeast Kansas Branch Experiment Station attempts to keep the area's consumers and producers of agricultural products informed on the Station's research accomplishments. In serving the area, we conduct research at fields located at Parsons, site of the headquarters; at Mound Valley, the original location of the Branch Station; and at Columbus, which has been in the Kansas State University research system for over 60 years. This report for 1984 covers five areas of research emphasis: Beef Cattle, Crops, Forages, Soil and Water Management, and Crop Varietal Development. We sincerely hope that it will be useful …

Dna Synthesis, Methylation And Degradation During Conjugation In Tetrahymena Thermophila, Gail Singer Harrison, Kathleen M. Karrer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

We have investigated the timing of DNA synthesis, methylation and degradation during macronuclear development in the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila. DNA synthesis was first detected in the anlagen early in macronuclear development, but the majority of DNA synthesis occurred later, after pair separation. Anlagen DNA was first detectably methylated at GATC sites 3–5 hours after its synthesis. Once initiated, de novo methylation was rapid and complete, occurring between 13.5 and 15 hours of conjugation. The level of methylation of GATC sites was constant throughout the remainder of conjugation, and was similar to that in mock-conjugated cells. Degradation of DNA in …

Response Of An Irrigated Cool- And Warm- Season Grass Mixture To Nitrogen And Harvest Scheme, Joseph L. Petersen, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Maintaining a mixture of cool-and warm-season grasses under intensive management for season-long production is difficult, due to species shifts, especially to a dominance of cool-season grasses when heavy amounts of nitrogen(N) fertilizer are used. The objective of this study was to determine if high forage yields could be produced season long while maintaining a desirable balance of warm-and cool-season grasses.

The study was conducted near Mead, Nebraska on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (Typic Argiudoll). An irrigated mixture of 3 warmseason grasses and 1 cool-season grass, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and indiangrass [ …

The Feeding Ecology Of The Gastropod Batillaria Attramentaria, Chuckanut Mudflat, Washington, Karen M. M. Steensma

WWU Graduate School Collection

The deposit-feeding gastropod Batillaria attramentaria lives upon algal mat, mud, gravelly mud and gravelly sand substrates at Chuckanut Mudflat, Washington and upon homogeneous sand at Semiahmoo Spit, Washington. The efficiencies and rates·of feeding by B. attramentaria on these substrates were studied in order to determine whether an optimal foraging strategy exists in this species.

Gut content analysis of snails taken from the various substrates revealed a fairly constant diet of sediment particles and diatoms, along with occasional animal fragments. Diatoms were ingested with efficiencies ranging from 38 to 51 percent; digestive efficiency increased with increasing availability of diatoms in sediments. …

Proliferation Of Schwann Cells Induced By Axolemmal And Myelin Membranes, Michael Paul Dinneen

Theses and Dissertations

Purified Schwann cells were cultured from neonatal rat sciatic nerve using a modification of the method of Brockes (Brockes, J.P. et al, Brain Res. 165(1979) 105-118). Schwann cells and contaminating fibroblasts were unambiguously identified using fluorescent antibodies to 2'3' cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and the thy 1.1 antigen respectively. The Schwann cells were quiescent unless challenged with mitogens, They proliferated rapidly in response to the soluable mitogen, cholera toxin, or to membrane fractions from rat CNS or PNS, prepared by the method of DeVries (DeVries, G.H., J Neurochem, 40 (1983) 1709-1717). Mitogenic activity was present in both axolemmal and myelin enriched …

Dissection Of Microphage Activation Using T Cell Hybridoma Derived Lymphokines, William S. Futch Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Macrophage phenotype/function can be modulated by various T-cell lymphokines (LK). The alteration of macrophage phenotype is a result of LK concentration, duration of exposure, and the level of macrophage activation when obtained from in vivo sources through elicitation by either sterile irritants or immune cellular mechanisms. In order to dissect macrophage activation into discrete signals T cell hybridomas were constructed by fusing HAT sensitive BW5147 cells with nylon-wool purified, con A stimulated T cells. The resulting T cell hybrids were screened for their ability to: (a) protect macrophages from the cytopathic effect of Naegleria; (b) induce class II MHC gene …

Bionomics Of Culicoides Spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) From A Coastal Georgia Barrier Island, George J. Magnon

Legacy ETDs

The seasonal abundance of adult Culicoides spp. on a coastal Georgia barrier island was determined during a 20-month period, September 1983 through May 1985 by CO₂-baited CDC miniature light traps and sticky cylinder traps.

A total of 220,670 adult biting midges representing nineteen species and including the first report of C. loughnani Edwards in Georgia was collected. Culicoides furens (Poey), C. hollensis (Melander and Brues), and C. melleus (Coquillett) were the most abundant. Culicoides furens was abundant from early spring to late fall. Culicoides hollensis and C. melleus were bimodal with spring and fall abundance, but C. melleus …

A Survey Of Cattle Ectoparasites And A Study Of Psoroptic Mange In Southeast Georgia, Anne-Marie A. Callcott

Legacy ETDs

A comparison of traditional scrapings vs. a vacuum cleaner method of collecting cattle ectoparasites determined the vacuum method to be as efficient as the scraping method for collecting Psoroptes ovis, and possibly as effective for collecting Bovicola bovis.

In a survey of cattle ectoparasites in southeast Georgia, using the vacuum method, B. bovis were collected from cattle in a sales barn with an average of 15% parasitism from January 21 to March 18, 1985. Private herds sampled by the vacuum method, showed no ectoparasites. Cattle grubs (Hypoderma lineatum) were found on cattle in a sales barn from …