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Articles 31 - 60 of 7342
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Residue Management And Establishment Systems For Annual Ryegrass Seed Production, W C. Young Iii, T G. Chastain, M E. Mellbye, C J. Garbacik, B M. Quebbeman
Residue Management And Establishment Systems For Annual Ryegrass Seed Production, W C. Young Iii, T G. Chastain, M E. Mellbye, C J. Garbacik, B M. Quebbeman
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Two on-farm trials were established in 1994 to investigate low cost crop residue management and seeding practices in two cultivars of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) grown for seed production in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Sites varied by soil type and drainage. Stand density was greater in no-till and volunteer established plots at both locations, but straw removal by baling had no effect on stand density. Fertile tiller number and seed yield was reduced in drill sown plots in TAM-90 (poorly drained site); also, fertile tiller number was fewer where no straw removal preceded no-till or volunteer establishment. No difference …
Effect Of White Clover Defoliation On Seed Production And Maturity, Slepetys, R Dapkus
Effect Of White Clover Defoliation On Seed Production And Maturity, Slepetys, R Dapkus
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Experiments were carried out in Lithuania over the period 1990- 1995. They involved white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars Atoliai (large - leaved) and Bitunai (intermediate - leaved). Different defoliation treatments were carried out at a height of 5, 10 and 15 cm every week over the period from 7 May to 18 June. On 21-28 May, two more treatments consisting of an application with 0.5 and 1.0 l ha-1 reglone were added. When defoliation was carried out on 11-18 June, the seed of cv. Bitunai and cv. Atoliai matured 7 d and 13 d later, respectively than the …
Differentiation Of Festuca Pratensis Varieties And Festulolium Hybrids By Electrophoresis, H Hahn, W Schoberlein, K Forster
Differentiation Of Festuca Pratensis Varieties And Festulolium Hybrids By Electrophoresis, H Hahn, W Schoberlein, K Forster
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In the present study seed proteins and isozymes of varieties and lines of Festuca pratensis and Festulolium were investigated with the aim of finding methods for the discrimination of meadow fescue varieties and the identification of Festulolium hybrids. The banding patterns of ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing (UTLIEF) of bulked seed samples allowed a clear distinction of Festulolium hybrids of different crossing combinations from each other and in most cases also from their parental species. Despite the outcrossing character, identification of some hybrids and crossing parents was also achieved using protein patterns of single seeds. By means of isozyme electrophoresis of Festuca …
Precrop Effects Of Grass Seed Stands On The Yield Of Succeeding Crops, W Schöberlein, H Matthies
Precrop Effects Of Grass Seed Stands On The Yield Of Succeeding Crops, W Schöberlein, H Matthies
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Depending on grass species, number of harvest years, location and fertilizer input grass seed cropping leaves varying quantities of organic residues in the soil. When grasses are part of a crop rotation, soil-physical properties will be improved, and positive effects on the yield formation of successors can be expected. In three different experiments run between 1990 and 1995 the precrop effects of six grass species (one or two seed cropping years) were studied for their influence on the yielding of various successors. A highly differentiated water supply in spring 1993 and 1994 enabled an exact assessment of the precrop effects …
Utilization Of Regrowth For Forage In Seed Stands Of Meadow Fescue (Festuca Pratensis Huds.), Lars T. Havstad
Utilization Of Regrowth For Forage In Seed Stands Of Meadow Fescue (Festuca Pratensis Huds.), Lars T. Havstad
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Intensive utilization of autumn regrowth for forage production was compared to other autumn treatments in nine seed production fields of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) during 1993-96. Uncut plots without a N application in autumn always had the lowest number of reproductive tillers and the lowest subsequent year seed yields. Intensive utilization of regrowth, by application of 80 kg N ha-1 immediately after seed harvest and forage harvests in September or October, did not have any negative impact on the following yearsí seed yields. Delaying forage harvest from 10 September to 10 October increased forage yields, but lowered the …
Average Annual Requirements, Production, Import And Export Of Legumes And Grass Seeds In Yugoslavia (Serbia And Montenegro) Up To The Year 2000, B Radenovic
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
F.R. Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), in the period from 1995 to 2000, will have sufficient lucerne seeds, of the local varieties and production, and will be able to produce for export from 300 to 500 tons of seeds for foreign varieties registered in our Variety List. For the known customer in Yugoslavia, Serbia, the production of lucerne seeds can be organized in accordance with wishes of foreign partners including varieties that have not been registered, but in such a case a special permit from relevant state authorities would be required, and provided that all produced quantities of lucerne variety that …
Seed Yield Of Three Tall Fescue Cultivars As Affected By Endophyte Infection, T D. Phillips, M R. Siegel
Seed Yield Of Three Tall Fescue Cultivars As Affected By Endophyte Infection, T D. Phillips, M R. Siegel
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) has enhanced fitness in some environments. The objectives were to measure the effects of the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on seed yield traits and to determine the transmission rate of the endophyte from infected maternal plants into seed. Twenty infected and noninfected (E-) seedlings of each of three tall fescue cultivars were transplanted to the field in May, 1993. In 1994, there were significant differences between E+ and E- plants for panicle number and seed weight per panicle. In the second year, there were no differences between E+ and E- for the measured …
Seed Quality Of Five Native Grasses Of The Humid Argentine Pampa Prairie: Germination Conditions, L Ferrari, C A. Rossi
Seed Quality Of Five Native Grasses Of The Humid Argentine Pampa Prairie: Germination Conditions, L Ferrari, C A. Rossi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The aim of this study was to determine the germination conditions as well as an approach to seed quality of five native grasses of the humid Argentine Pampa prairie: Bothriochloa laguroides, Sporobolus indicus, Glyceria multiflora, Briza subaristata and Chaetotropis imberbis. They are considered as good and very good forage species. Mature inflorescences were sampled in Brandsen (Flooding Pampa sub-Region, Buenos Aires province, Argentina) from December, 1994 to March, 1995. A three factor completely randomized design with 4 replications was applied. Treatments combined prechilling (I: yes/II:no), KNO3 (A:yes/ B:no) and germination temperatures: 2 constant 15° and 20°C and 6 alternating 15-10°C, …
Arrhenatherum Elatius: Components Of Seed Yield As Affected By Fertilizer Applications And Row Spacing, L Ferrari, E B. Postulka, G H. D'Angelo
Arrhenatherum Elatius: Components Of Seed Yield As Affected By Fertilizer Applications And Row Spacing, L Ferrari, E B. Postulka, G H. D'Angelo
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of fertilizer applications and row spacing over seed yield and its components of fromental (Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Presl.). It was sown in 1994 on a Typic Argiudol soil in Santa Catalina (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Treatments combined two row spacing: 1=17,5 cm and 2=52,5 cm with three fertilization timing: a=at sowing time in 1994 or at the beginning of the regrowth period in 1995; b= when tiller apex became reproductive; c=split at sowing or regrowth period and at apex differentiation; d=control without fertilization. During 1994, fertilization was 782.5 gr/plot of …
Evaluation Of Morphological, Biological And Chemical Properties For Breeding On New Fodder-Grass Cultivars, S Kozlowski, B Golinska, P Golinski
Evaluation Of Morphological, Biological And Chemical Properties For Breeding On New Fodder-Grass Cultivars, S Kozlowski, B Golinska, P Golinski
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Our work is an attempt to emphasize the importance of grass morphological, biological and chemical properties in the process of development of new forage cultivars. Results of our investigations indicate that there are realistic possibilities of developing grass cultivars with improved nutritive properties. However, breeding works can only be effective if a wide range of different properties can be taken into consideration and if, simultaneously, mutual correlations occurring between them are also considered. High mutability of properties revealed by lower taxonomic units of the species observed in Poland indicates that they can constitute a valuable material for breeding work on …
Improvement Of Forage And Seed Yields In Orchardgrass In Western Canada, Joanna Fraser, Surya N. Acharya
Improvement Of Forage And Seed Yields In Orchardgrass In Western Canada, Joanna Fraser, Surya N. Acharya
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Trials on orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were conducted on spaced plants in 1992 and 1993 in Lethbridge, Alberta to identify components that could be used for improvement of winterhardiness and seed yields in this species. Results showed that seed yield/plant was significantly higher in Kay than Chinook orchard grass but only in 1992. Seed yields were significantly correlated in each year with visual scoring for forage yield potential, seed yield potential, vegetative height, panicle length and panicle number/plant. Higher yielding plants were taller and had larger numbers of panicles/plant and longer panicles than lower yielding plants. A large …
Potential Seed Yield Of Sterile F1 And 3-Way Crosses On Forage Sorghum-Sudan Hybrid In Egypt, M S. Radwan, H S. Oushy, M E. Mousa, S S. Abo-Feteih
Potential Seed Yield Of Sterile F1 And 3-Way Crosses On Forage Sorghum-Sudan Hybrid In Egypt, M S. Radwan, H S. Oushy, M E. Mousa, S S. Abo-Feteih
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Male-sterile F1's from A x B line crosses and inbred A-lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar (L.) Moench) were investigated in relation to commercial production of hybrid seeds. Eight cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) A-lines, maintainer B-lines and the fertility restoring (R) sudangrass cultivar Greenleaf were selected to produce the hybrids evaluated in this study. Estimates of the parameters that describe seed yield and its components indicated that there were no general advantages for using sterile single crosses (SSC) over their prenatal (A) lines as the seed parent. As a group, the three-way hybrids and sterile single cross two way hybrids were …
Alfalfa Seeding Patterns And Their Relations With Vegetative And Reproductive Development, R B. Medeiros, A.V A. Jacques, C Nabinger
Alfalfa Seeding Patterns And Their Relations With Vegetative And Reproductive Development, R B. Medeiros, A.V A. Jacques, C Nabinger
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
This study was conducted to understand how plant density (17, 61 and 89 plants m-2) and row spacing (30 and 90 cm) affect plant development and the consequences on potential seed yield (PSY) and agricultural realized seed potential (ARSP) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in south Brazil. Both variables were not affected by row spacing but were negatively correlated to plant population. This was a consequence of a higher allocation of assimilates to reproductive structures at low plant competition, denoted by a positive correlation between these two variables and reproductive parts growth rate. Despite the benefits of the low plant …
Genetic Shift Of Seedling Fluorescence In Ryegrass Over Seed Increase Generations, D J. Floyd, R E. Barker
Genetic Shift Of Seedling Fluorescence In Ryegrass Over Seed Increase Generations, D J. Floyd, R E. Barker
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Seedling root fluorescence has generally been used to discriminate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.). The trait, however, has introgressed between the two species and breeders now determine fluorescence levels for new ryegrass cultivars. Our objective was to ascertain genetic change for fluorescence expression during generations of seed multiplication. Four ryegrass populations, differing in fluorescence levels, were increased three generations at each of three Oregon locations. Fluorescence levels were measured for each generation cycle at each location. Variation was present for fluorescence among locations within populations and for seed production generation within locations. One …
Undersowing Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var Rubra) For Seed Production In Winter And Spring Wheat Cover Crops, T S. Aamlid
Undersowing Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var Rubra) For Seed Production In Winter And Spring Wheat Cover Crops, T S. Aamlid
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Sowing red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) seed crops in autumn without cover crop or in winter wheat sown at two sowing rates (100 vs. 200 kg ha-1) and two row spacings (13 vs. 26 cm) was compared to spring establishment without cover crop or in spring wheat at the same sowing rates and row spacings. Yields of winter and spring wheat averaged 5190 and 4106 kg ha-1, respectively. First years’ seed yields of red fescue were, on average, 7% higher after spring- than after autumn sowing; with cover crop this can be explained by the taller plants of winter …
Towards A Model For Nitrogen Application To Seed Crops Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense), T S. Aamlid
Towards A Model For Nitrogen Application To Seed Crops Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense), T S. Aamlid
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In seed production experiments with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) split application of 25 kg N ha-1 as early as possible in spring (mean date 17 April) plus 50 kg ha-1 at the start of tiller elongation (mean date 19 May) increased seed yields compared to only one application of 75 or 100 kg N ha-1 in mid-May. On plots not receiving nitrogen until mid-May, the seed yield increase resulting from an additional application of 25 kg N ha-1 at heading (mean date 19 June) could be related to the ratio between measured and critical per cent nitrogen in plant …
Manitoba’S Forage/Livestock Technology Transfer System, A F. Stewart, K H. Ominski
Manitoba’S Forage/Livestock Technology Transfer System, A F. Stewart, K H. Ominski
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
There have been significant advances in forage/livestock technology systems in Western Canada in the past fifty years, including the introduction of new forage species and varieties, as well as new advances in harvesting, storage and cattle production systems. Adoption of new technology in Manitoba has been expedited by an extension system that involves all sectors of the agricultural community from primary producers and researchers to extension personnel and members of the agribusiness community all of whom are working together to find solutions to the local and regional challenges facing forage and livestock producers.
Manitoba Green Gold- An Extension Project Linking High Quality Hay With High Profits, Dennis Joosse
Manitoba Green Gold- An Extension Project Linking High Quality Hay With High Profits, Dennis Joosse
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Improving the quality of harvested forage is seen as an important step in improving the productivity of Manitoba’s beef, dairy and cash hay operations. One of the most important determinants of forage quality is stage of maturity when harvested. Timely cutting is particularly important during first cut because it represents a major portion of the total harvest, and forage quality drops rapidly during this period.
An Interactive Approach To Technology Transfer In A Development Project - A Case Study, A.C P. Chu, P.N P. Matthews, J Hodgson
An Interactive Approach To Technology Transfer In A Development Project - A Case Study, A.C P. Chu, P.N P. Matthews, J Hodgson
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The paper covers technology transfer in the United Nations Development Programme funded Agro-grassland Systems Development Project in Guizhou Province, China, which ran from 1989 to 1994 and involved the development of pasture based smallholder livestock systems at three environmentally contrasting sites. The project involved the participation of management, technical staff and smallholder farmers at the local level with outside support from the Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute, Gansu Province, China and Massey University, New Zealand. A feature of the project design was the retention of project management at the local level. Interactive training programmes were conducted in New Zealand and …
Will It Rain? Managing El Nino Risks With The Australian Rainman Computer Package, N M. Clarkson, J F. Clewett, D T. Owens, D G. Abrecht
Will It Rain? Managing El Nino Risks With The Australian Rainman Computer Package, N M. Clarkson, J F. Clewett, D T. Owens, D G. Abrecht
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The AUSTRALIAN RAINMAN computer package helps the management of climatic risks associated with the ENSO (El Niño/ Southern Oscillation) phenomenon in the southern Pacific region. The package uses historical rainfall and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) records to provide a suite of analyses including user-defined seasonal forecasts. Examples are given of ENSO effects on precipitation in Australia and some other countries including Canada. The SOI has a multiplier effect on rain-dependent processes such as plant growth and stream flow, and its use provides valuable support for many agricultural and pastoral decisions. AUSTRALIAN RAINMAN is commercially available in Australia.
Night Penning As A Management Technique For Both Pasture Development And Pasture Improvement For Small Holders In Southern China, W L. Jiang, P.N P. Matthews, C B. Luo, J Z. Ren, J Hodgson, A.C P. Chu
Night Penning As A Management Technique For Both Pasture Development And Pasture Improvement For Small Holders In Southern China, W L. Jiang, P.N P. Matthews, C B. Luo, J Z. Ren, J Hodgson, A.C P. Chu
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
A series of experiments conducted at Weining, Guizhou Province, China demonstrated night penning to be a successful technique for the improvement of native pastures through enhancement of soil fertility and change in the botanical composition of the sward. The best overall results were achieved with a penning intensity of 7 to 8 sheep nights per m- with pasture establishment most successful from May to September. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and white clover (Trifolium repens) were the most suitable for establishment. A number of strategies to increase …
An Interactive Multimedia Educational Program For Pasture Management, P G. Tow, Corina Mulholland, P Marriott, D A. Shelton
An Interactive Multimedia Educational Program For Pasture Management, P G. Tow, Corina Mulholland, P Marriott, D A. Shelton
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Developing abilities in pasture management decision making is important for all students of pasture agronomy, whether they plan to work in management, extension or research. Such problem-based learning fosters an ability to understand and apply principles, and to integrate and use information from various sources. A computerassisted, problem based, multimedia educational programme, “Pasture Management” has been developed to complement limited field exercises in pasture assessment and management. It comprises illustrated case studies and supporting information. Students interact with the programme by choosing alternative management options, calling up images and text as required to assist them. The programme supplies feedback for …
Michigan Grazier Networks, An Educational Outreach Of The Michigan Hay And Grazing Council, R H. Leep, T Miller, H Liss
Michigan Grazier Networks, An Educational Outreach Of The Michigan Hay And Grazing Council, R H. Leep, T Miller, H Liss
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objective of this educational program was to create a farmer to farmer learning process which would facilitate educational programming in grazing land management for new and intermediate experienced graziers in Michigan. An evaluation of the 1995 educational experiences of program participants was conducted in December, 1995, utilizing an assessment program called Optionfinder.
Ecological Site Database- Basic Site Information For Resource Analysis And Decision Making, S L. Ekblad, J R. Carlson, W R. Oaks
Ecological Site Database- Basic Site Information For Resource Analysis And Decision Making, S L. Ekblad, J R. Carlson, W R. Oaks
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) describes and interprets range, native pasture, grazable forest, pasture, and hayland with ecological site descriptions and forage suitability groups. Ecological sites have evolved from agency range and woodland site descriptions, and have integrated alternate and more recent concepts with the traditional succession-retrogression model for site classification and interpretation. Ecological site interpretations are based on vegetation sampling by weight and composition, and other field data collection. Sample data is recorded and managed in the Ecological Site Information System (ESIS) and is analyzed to identify and develop site and suitability group descriptions. ESIS provides data …
Development Of Forage Components Through Farmer Participatory Research, F G. Gabunada Jr, W W. Stur, P M. Horne
Development Of Forage Components Through Farmer Participatory Research, F G. Gabunada Jr, W W. Stur, P M. Horne
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
This paper describes farmer participatory research activities aimed at developing appropriate forage technologies with smallholders in Southeast Asia. Farmers are actively involved from the early stages, working as equal partners with researchers. This has led to a better understanding of selected farming systems, identification of technologies that have potential for testing by farmers, and better understanding of the criteria farmers consider important for forages to be useful within those farming systems.
Validation Of Arachis Pintoi As A Forage Legume In Commercial Dual Purpose Cattle Farms In Forest Margins Of Colombia, C E. Lascano, G A. Ruiz, J Valasquez, J Rozo
Validation Of Arachis Pintoi As A Forage Legume In Commercial Dual Purpose Cattle Farms In Forest Margins Of Colombia, C E. Lascano, G A. Ruiz, J Valasquez, J Rozo
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
An on-farm pilot project was initiated in the Andean piedmont of the Amazon basin in Caquetá, Colombia to determine the contribution of the forage peanut Arachis pintoi (CIAT 17434) introduced in degraded pastures to animal production and soil improvement. Early results show that milk production in dual purpose cattle farms can be increased by 20% with A. pintoi-based pastures. However, to enhance adoption of the legume by farmers there is a need to make adjustments on pasture management and assure supply of high quality seed in the region.
Australian And Us Experiences With Transfer Of Rangeland Improvement Technologies: A Comparative Analysis, A P. Thurow, N Macleod, J R. Conner
Australian And Us Experiences With Transfer Of Rangeland Improvement Technologies: A Comparative Analysis, A P. Thurow, N Macleod, J R. Conner
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
American and Australian range economists work in tandem with range ecologists and management specialists to develop and analyze strategies for technology transfer. Historically, this process has developed around a model aimed at communication with a narrow target group (ranchers) with easily-defined and homogeneous goals (continuously improving income). In accord with this traditional model of technology transfer, the focus of range economists’ inquiries was once to assess the cost-effectiveness of grazing improvement technologies (Conner, 1985). It is a relatively recent phenomenon that both American and Australian range technology transfer agents are encountering an increasingly broad social and ecological agenda. Ranchers recognize …
Networking Advisory Groups And Electronic Media To Transfer Information On Forage Management, J J. Mullahey, R M. Muchovej, K U. Hill
Networking Advisory Groups And Electronic Media To Transfer Information On Forage Management, J J. Mullahey, R M. Muchovej, K U. Hill
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objective of this paper is to discuss a coordinated multi-county extension program in forages through the involvement of a beef/ forage advisory committee and technology transfer or information dissemination using electronic media.
Farmer Participation In The Development And Implementation Of A New Technology: Introduction Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.), A Perennial Legume, Into South-West Western Australia, L J. Blacklow, P Cocks
Farmer Participation In The Development And Implementation Of A New Technology: Introduction Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.), A Perennial Legume, Into South-West Western Australia, L J. Blacklow, P Cocks
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Australia since its demise due to insect attack in the 1970s. With new insect resistant varieties lucerne is once again becoming a viable pasture option for farmers. There is however, a slow rate of adoption of lucerne for a number of social and economic factors. The main limitations to the adoption of lucerne by farmers are past negative experience, farm systems dominated by annual pastures, changing wool and wheat commodity prices and perceived establishment and management difficulties. To overcome these socio-economic limitations a Model of Lucerne Adoption was developed in which the target group for the technology, the farmer, took …
Case Studies- A Useful Tool For Integrating Socio-Economic Data Into Grazing Systems Research, N D. Macleod
Case Studies- A Useful Tool For Integrating Socio-Economic Data Into Grazing Systems Research, N D. Macleod
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Grazing systems research and development (R&D) projects can provide important information on which to base management principles to integrate conservation management into grazing production systems. However, the adoption of these principles into practice remains largely unfulfilled. Most grazing experiments give limited attention to the socio-economic context of pastoral management. The paper suggests that one way of incorporating R&D findings and presenting them within a context that is more acceptable to decision-makers is via a case study approach. That is, use the considerable communication potential of the approach.