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Red Meat And Our Health: Separating Scientific Fact From Politics, Emotion And Misinformation, Peter Ballerstedt
Red Meat And Our Health: Separating Scientific Fact From Politics, Emotion And Misinformation, Peter Ballerstedt
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends restricting our intake of saturated fat to less than 7 percent of calories, and our cholesterol intake to less than 300 mg per day (less than two eggs). They promote the use of low-fat milk and lean meat, and the use of “meat substitutes” in school lunches. These recommendations are consistent with the official dietary policy that began in 1977 with the release of the first Dietary Goals for the United States by the United States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs. These guidelines were not justified by the then-available science. …
Animal Welfare--Animal Rights: "Protecting Animals Or A Threat To U.S. Food Production And Our Way Of Life?", W. Roy Burris
Animal Welfare--Animal Rights: "Protecting Animals Or A Threat To U.S. Food Production And Our Way Of Life?", W. Roy Burris
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Cattle producers are accustomed to dealing with many forms of adversity. Adversity generally comes in the form of blizzards, droughts, floods and economic conditions but now we must deal with animal activists who have their own opinions of what we can and cannot do as it relates to animal welfare and animal rights.
Grazing: More Important Now Than Ever, Garry D. Lacefield
Grazing: More Important Now Than Ever, Garry D. Lacefield
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Benefits of grazing has been a major focus of the Kentucky Grazing Conference over the past decade. It has also been emphasized at thirteen Heart of America Grazing Conferences and three National Grazing Conferences. With all that emphasis, Why do I bring this up again and even have the nerve to say “More Important Now than Ever”? Well, the short answer is “things are different now!”
Foreword [2014], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Foreword [2014], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.
"Beef: The Real Health Food", Peter Ballerstedt
"Beef: The Real Health Food", Peter Ballerstedt
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends restricting our intake of saturated fat to less than 7 percent of calories, and our cholesterol intake to less than 300 mg per day (less than two eggs). They promote the use of low-fat milk and lean meat, and the use of “meat substitutes” in school lunches. These recommendations are consistent with the official dietary policy that began in 1977 with the release of the first Dietary Goals for the United States by the United States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs. These guidelines were not justified by the then-available science. …
Pasture Finishing Beef Opportunities In Kentucky, Greg S. Halich
Pasture Finishing Beef Opportunities In Kentucky, Greg S. Halich
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Beef cattle were routinely finished locally in Kentucky before the 1950’s, primarily on pasture with some grain and by-products from distilleries. Cattle were typically born, raised, and finished on the same farm, sent to a local butcher, and the meat sold in nearby communities and cities. This all changed after the Second World War as grain and transportation costs decreased dramatically in conjunction with the establishment of supermarket chains that required a large, steady supply channel. The combined effect of these changes made finishing in large centralized locations more economical. Over the next couple of decades the finishing industry consolidated, …
Forages: Change-Challenges-Opportunities, Garry D. Lacefield
Forages: Change-Challenges-Opportunities, Garry D. Lacefield
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.
Foreword [2013], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Foreword [2013], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.
Reducing Endophyte-Related Economic Losses, Don Ball
Reducing Endophyte-Related Economic Losses, Don Ball
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Tall fescue is native to Europe and was rarely planted in the United States until after the first four decades of the 20th century. However, since the release of the variety ‘Kentucky 31’ in 1943, this versatile cool season perennial grass has been widely planted for forage, turf, and conservation purposes, with most of the acreage planted consisting of this variety. “Fescue” has many attributes including wide adaptation, easy establishment, a long growing season, good forage and seed yield, and tolerance of a wide range of management conditions.
Horse Pastures: How Much Tall Fescue If Too Much?, S. Ray Smith, Tom Keene, Krista Cotten
Horse Pastures: How Much Tall Fescue If Too Much?, S. Ray Smith, Tom Keene, Krista Cotten
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Horse owners and managers have known for many years that endophyte infected tall fescue can cause a variety of issues with late term pregnant mares. Research has shown that grazing pure stands induces extreme physiological changes, while grazing pastures completely free of E+ tall fescue is virtually safe. However few pastures are pure stands or completely free of tall fescue. We know that the “danger level” changes over the seasons and that management can greatly reduce the risk of mares grazing infected pastures. Understanding what is “too much” can help us weigh the risks of symptoms to the cost of …
What Fescue Toxicosis Is Really Doing Inside Your Animals, Glen E. Aiken
What Fescue Toxicosis Is Really Doing Inside Your Animals, Glen E. Aiken
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Eighty years have passed since Dr. F.N. Fergus collected seed of tall fescue from that hillside at the Suiter Farm in Menifee County that led to the commercial release of the cultivar ‘Kentucky 31’. Fescue provided an opportunity to replace the briar and weed patches that dominated the rocky hillsides of Kentucky with productive forage. Plantings of tall fescue were numerous in the state during the 1940s and 1950s, and its hardiness and adaptability resulted in the grass spreading over much of the middle and upper southeastern USA, eventually covering a region we now call the “fescue belt”. It did …
New Tall Fescue Varieties For The Future, Timothy D. Phillips
New Tall Fescue Varieties For The Future, Timothy D. Phillips
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Over the past few decades forage producers have seen several major changes in varieties of tall fescue. From the days of Kentucky 31 being the predominant variety, the first change was the first generation of endophyte-free tall fescue varieties. For many growers, these have been useful additions, especially when coupled with rotational grazing to reduce the risks of overgrazing, and practices of eradication of stands of toxic endophyte pastures and prevention of the reintroduction of toxic endophyte tall fescue seed into stands of endophyte-free varieties. However, overall these varieties often lacked the persistence of Kentucky 31 infected with the common …
Tall Fescue In Kentucky: The First 80 Years, Garry D. Lacefield
Tall Fescue In Kentucky: The First 80 Years, Garry D. Lacefield
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Tall fescue is a native of Europe. The exact date of its’ introduction into the United States is not known, but likely came as a contaminant in meadow fescue seed from England prior to 1880 (Figure 1). Tall Fescue was an entry in the National Herbarium Collection in 1879 and was grown in plots in Utah, Kentucky and Maryland (USDA) in 1880. In 1916, tall fescue plants were identified in Pullman, Washington with some of these plants taken to Corvallis, Oregon in 1918. Selections out of this initial planting were released in 1945 as the variety Alta.
Foreword [2012], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Foreword [2012], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.
Controlling Weeds In Horse And Cattle Pastures, Byron Sleugh, Robert Masters
Controlling Weeds In Horse And Cattle Pastures, Byron Sleugh, Robert Masters
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Weed control is one of the most talked about concerns of forage-animal systems. Producers will sometimes pay more attention to some pests than others and more so in some crops than others. For example, a producer may have a very low threshold for weed infestation in their corn, soybean or tobacco field but will have a very high tolerance for weeds in their pastures. This is usually because the “direct” dollar value of the forage is not seen while we can “see” how a reduction in soybean or corn yield will affect the bottom line of our operation. Vegetation manipulation …
Endophyte In Tall Fescue: Impact On Horses And Cattle, S. Ray Smith, Krista Cotton
Endophyte In Tall Fescue: Impact On Horses And Cattle, S. Ray Smith, Krista Cotton
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] is an introduced cool-season perennial grass from Europe. Originally imported for regularly flooded pastures, tall fescue is now widespread across the United States due to its adaptability of a wide range of soils and climate. Kentucky 31 tall fescue is the ecotype discovered in 1931 by E.N. Fergus, which launched its popularity as a dependable, adaptable, and palatable pasture crop. In the mid-1970s, the negative effects caused by consuming tall fescue were termed fescue toxicosis. The source of fescue toxicosis was not identified until Charles Bacon first reported evidence of an endophytic fungus …
Strategies For Reducing Losses To Forage Related Disorders, Jeff Lehmkuhler
Strategies For Reducing Losses To Forage Related Disorders, Jeff Lehmkuhler
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Forage induced disorders are not uncommon. These may be the result of poor harvesting and storage, symbiotic relationships with other organism such as endophtye-infected tall fescue, or environmentally induced. Poisonous plants can also be problematic when they are present in areas where cattle actively graze or forage is harvested. Yet, in many instances, problems are rare and often limited not affecting the entire herd. A primary management strategy is to ensure forage availability is not limiting forcing cattle to consume poisonous plants. Additionally, farming involves a given amount of management in all daily activities and one cannot simply ignore the …
Hay For Horses: Needs And Wants, Laurie Lawrence
Hay For Horses: Needs And Wants, Laurie Lawrence
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Hay producers have to satisfy two types of clients, horses and humans. Horses need clean hay that has a nutritional value that is appropriate for the requirements of the horse. Clients want hay that IS consistent, convenient and cost effective. So, in many cases the “needs” of the horse and “wants” of the human are not exactly the same.
Forages: Back To Basics, Garry D. Lacefield
Forages: Back To Basics, Garry D. Lacefield
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Over the past fifteen years, we have covered many forage-related topics ranging from the species we grow through marketing our final products. Through all of these themes, we have attempted to address the “basics” in a practical way. We will continue that theme today as we deal with some very important-practical topics.
Foreword [2011], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Foreword [2011], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.
Role Of Clover "Down On The Farm", Don Sorrell
Role Of Clover "Down On The Farm", Don Sorrell
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
In an effort to evaluate the Role of Clover ”Down on the Farm”, a survey was developed and then e-mailed to Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension Agents in Kentucky. Agents were asked to complete the survey based on their estimate of use and importance of clover in their particular county. Thirtytwo (32) surveys were returned. The following is a summary of those returned surveys.
Establishing Clovers In Pasture And Hay Fields, Garry D. Lacefield
Establishing Clovers In Pasture And Hay Fields, Garry D. Lacefield
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Pasture renovation means to renew and improve. In Kentucky, this usually means adding lime and fertilizer, controlling weeds and insects and planting a legume such as red clover and/or white clover. The primary benefits come as a result of getting legumes established in grass-dominated fields.
Estimating Clover Percentage In Your Pasture, S. Ray Smith
Estimating Clover Percentage In Your Pasture, S. Ray Smith
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
You often hear Extension Agents and Extension Specialists talk about how important it is to add clover to your grass pastures. We talk about the advantage of free nitrogen, the added forage quality and yield, the benefit of diluting the toxic effects of tall fescue, and many other benefits. Usually after I give a presentation promoting all the benefits of clover the first question from the audience is, “How much clover do I need?” My standard answer is that 30 to 40% clover provides many of these benefits without compromising grass productivity. In fact, 30 to 40% clover in a …
Why Grow Clovers?, Don Ball, Garry D. Lacefield
Why Grow Clovers?, Don Ball, Garry D. Lacefield
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Clovers have long been viewed as being special and beneficial pasture plants, but recently the incentives livestock producers have to grow them have further increased. Why are many people more interested than ever in growing clovers in pastures as companion species with grasses? Here are several reasons that collectively make a compelling case.
Foreword [2010], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Foreword [2010], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.
Extending Grazing And Reducing Stored Feed Needs, Don Ball, Edward N. Ballard, Mark Kennedy, Garry D. Lacefield, Dan Undersander
Extending Grazing And Reducing Stored Feed Needs, Don Ball, Edward N. Ballard, Mark Kennedy, Garry D. Lacefield, Dan Undersander
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Why extend the grazing season? For most livestock producers, extending the grazing season for their animals, or otherwise filling gaps in pasture forage availability to reduce stored feed needs, should be a high priority objective.
Teff: What Is It? Where Does It Fit In Kentucky, Bret Winsett
Teff: What Is It? Where Does It Fit In Kentucky, Bret Winsett
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Teff (Eragrostis tef (zucc)) is an annual, warm season grass native to Ethiopia. Throughout its history, teff has been used more as a gluten-free grain for flour than as forage. However, in recent years, forage agronomists and producers have become increasingly interested in its potential contribution as a hay crop. Teff is characterized by a fairly large crown, many tillers, fine stems, a very shallow root system, rapid growth and high tonnage capability. During the vegetative stage, teff plants look somewhat similar to tall fescue in size and color. Teff tends to germinate quickly with good moisture, regrow quickly after …
Weed Control Options For Pastures, Jon Doran
Weed Control Options For Pastures, Jon Doran
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
What is a weed? A pasture or hayfield “weed” is any plant that you deem as being out of place and/or a plant that is decreasing your desired forage production. Weeds may be classified in several ways including broadleaf weeds, woody plants, and undesirable grasses. Besides decreasing forage, weeds can also interfere with forage utilization, grazing distribution, etc. There are several methods available to control weeds and increase production of and access to desirable forages. The three main methods are cultural, mechanical, and chemical. The cultural method is quite simple-a thriving grass stand is an excellent form of weed control …
Selecting Clover Varieties Wisely, S. Ray Smith
Selecting Clover Varieties Wisely, S. Ray Smith
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
Although there are not a lot of new red clover varieties, several companies and Universities have active red clover breeding programs. In some ways, red clover is the easiest species to make variety recommendations for. Simply put, “only plant certified seed of improved varieties, never plant common seed.” University of Kentucky research has shown that the difference between improved varieties and common seed can be 6000 to 10,000 lb/acre in higher yield and 1 to 1 ½ years longer stand life. Sometimes you may “luck up” and find that the bag of cheap common seed you purchased was actually an …
How I Use Forages, Barry Drury
How I Use Forages, Barry Drury
Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention
No abstract provided.