Life Sciences Commons^™

Regional Body Composition In College-Aged Caucasians From Anthropometric Measures, Robert T. Davidson, Cameron B. Ritchie

Faculty Publications

Quantitating fat and lean tissue in isolated body regions may be helpful or required in obesity and health-outcomes research. However, current methods of regional body composition measurement require specialized, expensive equipment such as that used in computed tomography or dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Simple body size or circumference measurement relationships to body composition have been developed but are limited to whole-body applications. We investigated relationships between body size measurements and regional body composition. Methods Using DEXA technology we determined the fat and lean tissue composition for six regions of the body in predominantly Caucasian, college-aged men (n = 32) …

Household Food Security, Dietary Intake, And Anthropometric Assessment Of Dominican Children, Elizabeth Wall

All Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to assess nutrition and food security status of Dominican school children and their families. Anthropometric measures, diet recalls, and household food security surveys were used as tools in this assessment. This assessment may assist in prioritizing programs for the transitioning country of the Commonwealth of Dominica.
In year 1, 199 children and 197 children in year 2 from 10 primary schools in 3 regions participated in the study. Four of the schools were involved with school feeding programs while six were not involved in school feeding programs. Weight was measured on an electric scale; …

Registered Dietitian Dress And The Effect Of Dietitian Dress On Perceived Professionalism, Connie Lynn Packer

Theses and Dissertations

People use others' dress to make assumptions, including how they believe the wearer will behave. Observers then adjust their behavior in response to the anticipated behavior of the wearer. Physician or nurse dress affects the degree to which patients perceive the medical professional as confident, experienced, competent, mature, trustworthy, and professional. Dietitian dress has not been studied. Our purpose was to identify 1) the current level of formality of dress of registered dietitians (RD), 2) characteristics of dress codes, 3) the effect of RD dress on patient/client perceptions of professional traits, and 4) the level of formality at which an …

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response To Daily Oral Supplementation With 800 Iu Cholecalciferol In Premenopausal Women Living In Maine, Monica Nelson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] response to daily supplementation with 800 IU vitamin D3 during winter in premenopausal women living in Maine, and to examine the effects of body composition and hormonal contraceptive use on baseline serum 25(OH)D levels and the response to supplementation. One hundred twelve women (22.2±3.7 years old) received placebo from March 2005 until September 2005 when they were randomized to receive either placebo or 800 IU vitamin D3 through February 2006. Eighty-six women completed the study. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Actual vitamin D3 content …

Stress And Eating Behaviors: A Systematic Review, Jessica L. Sieber

Masters Theses

Background: The effects of psychological stress on eating behaviors either through psychological/social influences (i.e. comfort foods, learned behaviors) or psychoneuroendocrine pathways have been studied for many years; however, a review of current research is lacking. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the relationship between stress and eating behaviors with a concentration on how stress and eating behaviors are measured.

Methods: PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed English-language human studies published between 1966 and March 2006. Keywords and subject headings used were: stress, eating, feeding behaviors, food habits, energy intake, diet, …

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Serg/Gorduj Gordienko

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Home Grocery Delivery Improves The Household Food Environments Of Behavioral Weight Loss Participants: Results Of An 8-Week Pilot Study, Amy A. Gorin, Hollie A. Raynor, Heather M. Niemeier, Rena R. Wing

Nutrition Publications and Other Works

Background

Household food availability is consistently linked to dietary intake; yet behavioral weight control treatment includes only minimal instruction on how to change the home environment to support dietary goals. This pilot study examined whether it is feasible to change the household food environments of behavioral weight loss participants through the use of a commercially available grocery home delivery service.

Methods

Overweight participants (N = 28; BMI = 31.7 ± 3.6 kg/m²; 89.3% women, 47.9 ± 9.5 years) were randomly assigned to 8-weeks of standard behavioral weight loss (SBT) or to SBT plus home food delivery (SBT+Home). SBT+Home …

Inside Unlv, Cate Weeks, Diane Russell, David Ashley, Grace Russell

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of A Low Carbohydrate And Low Fat Diet For Weight Maintenance In Overweight Or Obese Adults Enrolled In A Clinical Weight Management Program, James D. Lecheminant, Cheryl A. Gibson, Debra K. Sullivan, Sandra Hall, Rik Washburn, Mary C. Vernon, Chelsea Curry, Elizabeth Stewart, Eric C. Westman, Joseph E. Donnelly

Faculty Publications

Background: Recent evidence suggests that a low carbohydrate (LC) diet may be equally or more effective for short-term weight loss than a traditional low fat (LF) diet; however, less is known about how they compare for weight maintenance. The purpose of this study was to compare body weight (BW) for participants in a clinical weight management program, consuming a LC or LF weight maintenance diet for 6 months following weight loss. Methods: Fifty-five (29 low carbohydrate diet; 26 low fat diet) overweight/obese middle-aged adults completed a 9 month weight management program that included instruction for behavior, physical activity (PA), and …

Caracterización Nutricional De Dos Arreglos Silvopastoriles De Pennisetum Purpureum O Panicum Maximum Asociadas Con Leucaena Leucocephala Y Gliricidia Sepium Con Novillas En Pastoreo En El Alto Magdalena, Leonardo Arias Ayala

Zootecnia

Esta investigación se realizó en el Centro Agropecuario La Angostura (SENA-Huila), ubicado a una altura de 553 m.s.n.m, con una temperatura promedio de 26,5°C y precipitación de 696,9 mm/anual, representativo del bosque seco Tropical (bs-T). Los suelos son franco-arenosos con bajos contenidos de MO. Se evaluó productivamente dos sistemas silvopastoriles multiestrato, conformados por Pennisetum purpureum y Panicum maximum asociadas a Leucaena leucocephala como leguminosa de ramoneo y Gliricidia sepium como leguminosa de sombra y división de lotes experimentales. Los sistemas se manejaron bajo un modelo rotacional intensivo con 41 días de descanso y 1 día de ocupación y con una …

Glycaemic Index, Glycaemic Load And Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Meera Jain, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

There is some evidence that plasma insulin levels might influence ovarian cancer risk. Glyacemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are measures that allow the carbohydrate content of individual foods to be classified according to their postprandial glycaemic effects and hence their effects on circulating insulin levels. Therefore, we examined ovarian cancer risk in association with GI and GL, and intake of dietary carbohydrate and sugar. Methods

The study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 49 613 Canadian women enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) who completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) between 1980 and 1985. …

Liver Lipid Molecules Induce Pepck-C Gene Transcription And Attenuate Insulin Action., Guoxun Chen

Nutrition Publications and Other Works

Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) plays key roles in gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis, and cataplerosis. Experiments were designed to examine the effects of endogenous lipid molecules from rat livers on the expression of PEPCK-C gene in primary rat hepatocytes. The lipid extracts prepared from livers of Zucker fatty, lean, and Wistar rats induced the expression levels of PEPCK-C transcripts. Insulin-mediated reduction of PEPCK-C gene expression was attenuated by the same treatment. The lipid extracts induced the relative luciferase activity of reporter gene constructs that contain a 2.2-kb 5' promoter fragment of PEPCK-C gene, but not the construct that contains only the 3' untranslated …

Byu Adds "Zing" To New Carbonated Yogurt Product In Stores Nationwide, Byu News

Faculty Publications

A BYU professor invented the "zing" in General Mills' new carbonated yogurt product, now available in stores all over the country. Fizzix(TM), an extension of Yoplait's Go-GURT brand that comes in a tube, adds a tangy tingle to the traditional fruity flavor of yogurt that will "fizzify" the tongues of the 8- to 12-year-olds the company is targeting.

Nutrition Quackery—Wading Through The Science, Sarah L. Francis

Sarah L. Francis

Nutrition quackery is misleading information about nutrition and health. This publication contains 10 red flags of junk science and questions to ask when looking at health information, products, and advertisements.

Add Some Spice To Your Life—Herb And Spice Lists, Sarah L. Francis

Sarah L. Francis

Herb and spice combinations for meats and for vegetables are suggested in this publication, which also contains proper herb-drying and spice use tips.

It's All In The Hands—Estimating Serving Sizes, Sarah L. Francis

Sarah L. Francis

Our hands are the easiest way to estimate serving sizes when we the proper tools are not available. This publication shows how to use hands to estimate serving sizes.

Intensifying Efforts To Reduce Child Malnutrition In India: An Evaluation Of The Dular Program In Jharkhand, India, T. Dubowitz, D. Levinson, Jerusha Nelson Peterman, G. Verma, S. Jacob, W. Schultink

Jerusha Nelson Peterman

BACKGROUND: The Dular strategy is a unique nutrition initiative initiated by UNICEF India in collaboration with the states of Bihar and Jharkhand. Designed to complement the government's Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and build upon its infrastructure, one of the major goals of the Dular program is to capitalize and develop community resources at the grassroots level. The emphasis of the Dular program is on establishing a community-based tracking system of the health status of women and of children 0 to 36 months of age by neighborhood-based local resource persons (LRPs). The main objectives of the Dular program include increased …

Socioeconomic And Racial/Ethnic Differentials Of C-Reactive Protein Levels: A Systematic Review Of Population-Based Studies, Aydin Nazmi, Cesar G. Victora

Food Science and Nutrition

Background:Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors strongly influence cardiovascular disease outcomes and risk factors. C-reactive protein (CRP), a non-specific marker of inflammation, is associated with cardiovascular risk, and knowledge about its distribution in the population may help direct preventive efforts. A systematic review was undertaken to critically assess CRP levels according to socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors.

Methods:Medline was searched through December 2006 for population-based studies examining CRP levels among adults with respect to indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) and/or race/ethnicity. Bibliographies from located studies were scanned and 26 experts in the field were contacted for unpublished work.

Results:Thirty-two relevant …

An Examination Of The Education, Credentials, And Functions Of School Food Service Directors In Tennessee Public School Districts, Elizabeth T. Anderson

Masters Theses

Childhood overweight and the associated health consequences have become a significant health problem in the United States and particularly in the state of Tennessee, with 14.8% of U.S. and 20.0% of Tennessee youth’s aged 10-17 currently classified as being overweight (1). Environmental factors play a significant role in the etiology of overweight, and therefore need to be considered in efforts undertaken to address this problem. Schools are one such environment where U.S. children spend a great deal of time, making the school food environment, which includes all foods available in schools (such as foods served in the school meals, a …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 2, Ian Mcfarland, Catherine Stockman, Anne Barnes, David Pethick, Jenny Davis, Brett Thompson, Ron Leng, Sally Pieruzzini, Elizabeth Jackson, Mohammed Quaddus, Nazrul Islam, John Stanton, Melanie Dowling

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

CONCURRENT SESSIONS

FINISHING LAMB AND BEEF

1. Precision Feedlot Lamb, Ian McFarland, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

2. Feeding sheep under high heat load did not decrease intake of feedlot rations, Catherine Stockman, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia & Murdoch University, Anne Barnes, Murdoch University David Pethick, Murdoch University

3. Taking the stress out of fifishing lambs and cattle - EasyFeed solutions, Jenny Davis, Brett Thomson, Milne AgriGroup, Welshpool WA, Ron Leng, Emeritus Professor, University of New England, Armidale, NSW

WOOL

4. DAFWA …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 1, Richard Gunner, Anthony Clarke, Kevin Bell, Hugh Dove, H. M. Burrow, Kevin Goss

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

PLENARY

1. Life beyond the farmgate - the meat perspective, Richard Gunner – Principal:- Richard Gunner’s Fine Meats

2. Do you need to worry about climate change?, Anthony Clark, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University and Bureau of Rural Sciences.

3. Ruminant nutrition panel session - The impact of nutrition on animal health and welfare, Kevin Bell, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Studies, Murdoch University

4. Ruminant nutrition panel session - Pasture/animal interactions, Hugh Dove, Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Plant Industry

5. Precision Cattle Breeding for …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 5, Bindi Murray, John Karlsson, Johan Greeff, Carolina Viñoles Gil, B. L. Paganoni, K. M. M. Glover, J. T. B. Milton, G. B. Martin, Hugh Dove, Bill Mckiernan, John Wilkins, Paul Greenwood, Linda Cafe

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT

1. Breech Strike Resistance: Selecting for resistance traits reduces breech strike, Bindi Murray, John Karlsson, Johan Greeff, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

2. Breeding Merino Sheep for Worm Resistance increases profit in a Mediterranean Environment, John Karlsson and Johan Greeff Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

FEEDING

3. Embryo lasses were not increased when Merino ewes that had lost weight were supplemented with lupins, C. Viñoles Gil, B.L. Paganoni, K.M.M. Glover, J.T.B. Milton & G.B. Martin, School of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, …

Walking Age Does Not Explain Term Versus Preterm Difference In Bone Geometry, Haifa Abou Samra, Bonny Specker

Ethel Austin Martin Program Publications

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between bone geometry and onset of walking in former term and preterm children.
STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 128 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years who underwent peripheral quantitative computerized tomography measures of bone size at the distal tibia. Linear models were developed, stratifying by sex, to determine whether bone differences between children born term and preterm were caused by differences in walking age.
RESULTS: Children with a history of preterm birth walked later than children born at term (12.4 +/- 0.5 versus 10.9 +/- 0.2 months; P = .004); however, …

Quality Of Hermetically Packaged Split Peas During Long-Term Storage, J. S. Chapman, Laura K. Jefferies, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is a market for low moisture foods that can be stored for long periods of time for use in disaster relief and other emergency situations. Split peas hermetically sealed in cans with a reduced oxygen atmosphere are available in the retail market, but the effect of long-term storage on the quality of the product is unknown. Ten samples of split peas representing 5 retail brands packaged in size No.10 cans and stored at room temperature were obtained from donors. Two fresh samples of split peas were purchased as controls. Samples ranged in age from <1 to 34 years. Can headspace oxygen, can seam integrity, and split pea water activity and color were evaluated. A 52-member consumer panel evaluated the samples, prepared as split pea soup, for appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Acceptance for use in everyday and emergency situations was also determined. Can headspace oxygen ranged from 0.19 to 20.1%. All can seams were determined to be satisfactory. Water activity of the raw split peas ranged from 0.41 to 0.56. The green color of raw split peas decreased over time as shown by increasing CIE a* values. Flavor, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability hedonic scores ranged from 6.7 to 4.4 and decreased over time. Hedonic scores for appearance were correlated with the decrease in raw product green color (r2 = .928). Hedonic scores for texture declined over time, corresponding with increasing hardness of the peas. All samples had an acceptance in an emergency situation of over 75%. Results indicate split pea quality declines over time, but the product maintains sufficient sensory acceptance to be considered for use in applications requiring long-term storage.

Quality Of Hermetically Packaged Dehydrated Carrots During Long-Term Storage, S. R. Bartholomew, Laura K. Jefferies, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is interest in the long-term storage of food for applications such as space flight, disaster relief, and personal preparedness. Dehydrated carrots packaged in hermetically sealed cans with a reduced oxygen atmosphere are available in the retail market. The quality of dehydrated carrots stored up to two years has been reported, but the effect of longer-term storage on the quality of the product is unknown. Eleven samples of dehydrated carrots representing 6 brands, packaged in size No.10 cans and stored at room temperature, were obtained from donors. Two fresh samples were purchased as controls. Samples ranged in age from < 1 to 34 years. Can headspace oxygen, can seam integrity, and dehydrated carrot water activity and color were evaluated. Samples were rehydrated for 20 minutes in filtered water that was brought to a boil. A 56-member consumer panel evaluated the rehydrated carrots for appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Acceptance for use in everyday and emergency situations was also determined. Can headspace oxygen ranged from < 0.01% to 14.7%. All can seams were determined to be satisfactory. Water activity of the dehydrated carrots ranged from 0.31 to 0.38. L*, a* and b* values ranged from 37.8 to 44.0, 17.1 to 30.2 and 23.0 to 37.3, respectively. The orange color of most samples faded during storage. Hedonic scores for overall acceptability of dehydrated carrots declined from 7.1 to 3.4. All samples had an acceptance for use in an emergency situation of over 70%. Results indicate that dehydrated carrots decline in quality during long-term storage but retain sufficient sensory acceptance to be considered for use in long-term storage regimens.

Cost Effectiveness Upaya Penanggulangan Gizi Metode Positif Deviance Dan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Di Puskesmas Gekbrong Kabupaten Cianjur 2006, Suharyati Suharyati

Kesmas

Provinsi Jawa Barat masih menghadapi masalah rawan gizi serius, terlihat pada 18.094 balita rawan pangan yang terhimpun di tiga kantong utama, Kabupaten Cirebon (4.005), Bandung (2.991) dan Cianjur (2.670). Di Kabupaten Cianjur, balita gizi buruk dan gizi kurang ditemukan 2.670 (1,3%) dan 24.447 (11,7%) dari 208.572 balita yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan cost effectiveness upaya perbaikan gizi pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) yang bersifat top down dan Positive Deviance (PD) yang besifat bottom up. Data ditinjau dari sisi provider dan perhitungan biaya peraktifitas menggunakan metoda Activity Based Costing (ABC Methode). Komponen biaya penanggulangan gizi terbesar berturut-turut adalah biaya operasional, investasi …

Evaluating Satisfaction And Benefit From Nutrition Counseling From A Registered Dietitian Among Head And Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy., Lori E. Watson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with head or neck cancer receiving radiation were satisfied with the nutrition counseling they were receiving and if they obtained any benefit. Radiation to the head or neck region promotes side effects such as taste changes and chewing and swallowing difficultly that decrease food and fluid intake. A reduction in nutrients leads to weight loss, and weight loss in cancer patients increases the risk of morbidity and morality as well as decreases quality of life. Subjects were recruited from a local cancer treatment facility and a survey was administered. Subjects …

The Prevalence Of Disordered Eating Among Varsity Collegiate Female Athletes, Lindsey Clarke

All Theses

ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to 1) determine the prevalence of disordered eating among female varsity athletes, and 2) determine if there is a greater prevalence of disordered eating among athletes who participate in sports that emphasize leanness than those that do not.
This study was designed to measure levels of behavior related to disordered eating patterns rather than to diagnose any eating disorders among the participants. The survey included a web-based version of the self-reported Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) questionnaire as well as demographic questions. The 26 question EAT-26 survey consists of three sub-scales: dieting, bulimia and …

Combating Childhood Obesity: Changing Our Environment, Anna Mitchell

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

A review of literature was conducted to identify risk factors and prevention strategies for childhood obesity. Factors contributing to childhood obesity include poor food choices, physical inactivity, and genetics. Complications of obesity include respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and endocrine diseases, cancer, gallbladder disease, poor health status, depression, low self-esteem, and social withdrawal. Since childhood obesity, largely due to the environment that children live in today, is increasing in the United States, strategies must be implemented that will contribute to the prevention of childhood obesity. Changes that promote a healthy environment must involve all aspects of society to ensure that the prevention …

Assessment Of Hydration Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviors And Fluid Replacement Effectiveness Of Collegiate Athletes., Jeffie Trammell

All Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any significant correlation between an athletes' knowledge, attitude, and behavior in regards to hydration and how well they maintained their level during preseason training. 74 athletes completed surveys that measured their knowledge, attitude, and behavior in regards to hydration. 59 athletes allowed monitoring of their hydration status via weight charts. Significant differences in knowledge and behavior scores were found between demographic variables such as class year, training intensity, and team. There were no significant correlations discovered between any of the survey scores and the data from the weight charts. …