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Articles 31 - 58 of 58
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Carbohydrate + Protein Co-Ingestion During And Following Exercise On Cardiovascular Adaptations And Exercise Tolerance During Intensified Cycle Training, Justin Faller
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Introduction: This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate and protein (CHO+Pro) supplementation during intensified training on cardiovascular adaptations and cycling performance. Methods: Five cyclists (VO2peak = 62.6 ± 10.7 ml/kg/min) performed two 27-day training protocols while receiving either CHO or CHO+Pro supplements. The exercise protocols consisted of 7 days of normal training (NT), 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT; 100% increase in average training duration versus NT), and 10 days of reduced volume training (RVT; reduction in training duration to 60% of NT). Performance was assessed by a 30-km time trial following 120 min of constant-load cycling and VO2peak …
Arterial Adaptations To Training Among First Time Marathoners, Nicole Hafner
Arterial Adaptations To Training Among First Time Marathoners, Nicole Hafner
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Increased arterial wall thickness has been positively related to cardiovascular disease. Exercise has been found to favorably alter arterial anatomy in the trained limbs, but its effects on untrained limbs and the carotid artery are unclear. Thus, brachial (non-trained limb), popliteal (trained limb) and carotid, wall thickness (WT), wall to lumen diameter ratios (W:L), intima-media thickness (IMT) and lumen diameters (LD) were compared between recreationally active (n=14) and untrained (n=11) subjects before and after, the active subjects participated in 12 weeks of marathon run training. Arterial dimensions were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Pre and post-training VO2max and running speed at …
The Implications Of Undiagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea On Resting Hemodynamic Variables In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Brooke Marie Shafer
The Implications Of Undiagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea On Resting Hemodynamic Variables In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Brooke Marie Shafer
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on resting hemodynamic variables pre- and post-cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Subjects were screened for OSA using an at-home screening device. Subjects were then divided into two design groups: subjects with likely OSA (OSA) and subjects without OSA (non-OSA). All patients had resting hemodynamic measurements recorded and performed a 6-minute walk test. Resting hemodynamics and 6-minute walk test were performed pre- and post-CR. The study was conducted at Rockingham Memorial Hospital in Harrisonburg, VA and Carilion Roanoke Community Hospital in Roanoke, VA where subjects completed standard …
Aerobic And Skeletal Muscle Architectural Adaptations To Concurrent Marathon And Circuit Resistance Training, Cory J. Greever
Aerobic And Skeletal Muscle Architectural Adaptations To Concurrent Marathon And Circuit Resistance Training, Cory J. Greever
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine performance-related physiological adaptations (VO2max, Lactate Threshold, and Running Economy) and skeletal muscle architectural changes (muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) to marathon training with and without a concurrent circuit resistance-training program. Methods: Thirteen subjects (21 ± 1 yrs, 171 ± 2 cm, 65 ± 2 kg, 55 ± 2 ml/kg/min) completed a 15-week progressive marathon-training program. Nine subjects completed the 15 weeks of progressive marathon-training alone (AE), while 4 subjects participated in the 9-week circuit training program (CONC), in addition to …
The Effects Of Acute Garlic Supplementation On Fibrinolytic Potential In Young, Healthy, Trained Males, David J. Lawton
The Effects Of Acute Garlic Supplementation On Fibrinolytic Potential In Young, Healthy, Trained Males, David J. Lawton
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to examine the effects of acute garlic supplementation on fibrinolytic potential and the fibrinolytic response to exercise in young healthy trained males. Methods: 18 healthy trained males (Age = 20.9 ± 2.2 years, Height = 178 ± 7.7 cm, Weight = 75.5 ± 9.6 kg, VO2max = 59.8 ± 6.7 ml kg-1 min-1) performed a graded treadmill test to volitional exhaustion. Blood samples were taken at rest, within two minutes post-exercise, and one hour post-exercise. Participants were randomly assigned to ingest either 900 mg of powdered garlic or a placebo three hours before …
Certified Athletic Trainer's Knowledge On Sports Hernias, Stephanie M. Pikus
Certified Athletic Trainer's Knowledge On Sports Hernias, Stephanie M. Pikus
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Context: Over the past twenty years, the number of athletes diagnosed and treated with a sports hernia has increased significantly. A sports hernia is a chronic injury which produces debilitating groin pain caused by a tear or weakness of the transversalis fascia causing compression of the ilioinguinal nerve. Athletes diagnosed with sports hernias are often unable to continue their sport unless they get surgery. Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) are commonly the first people to evaluate an injured athlete and must be knowledgeable in sports hernia recognition and treatment.
Objective: To examine if ATCs have the appropriate knowledge of sports hernias …
An Exploratory Study Of Group Exercise Participants: Factors Contributing To Retention In A Medical Non-Profit Fitness Setting, Sharon Newcomer Stiteler
An Exploratory Study Of Group Exercise Participants: Factors Contributing To Retention In A Medical Non-Profit Fitness Setting, Sharon Newcomer Stiteler
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
An exploratory study of group exercise participants was conducted to link group cohesion theory and perceived effects of social support to the retention of fitness club membership through building relationships. The study explored the level of group cohesion and social support experienced by participants in public group fitness exercise classes. In addition, participant loyalty was reviewed to understand membership retention based on group participation. A literature review was conducted to study previous research of group cohesive factors, social support and the role group exercise classes play in adherence to programs. Literature was also reviewed to understand effective membership retention efforts …
The Effect Of Garlic Supplementation On Flow-Mediated Dilation After Acute Maximal Exercise, Leslie C. Redmond
The Effect Of Garlic Supplementation On Flow-Mediated Dilation After Acute Maximal Exercise, Leslie C. Redmond
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Antioxidative compounds found in garlic may overcome exercise-induced oxidative stress (OS) and attenuate any associated decrease in endothelial function, perhaps leading to performance improvements in high intensity exercise. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether or not a single dose garlic supplement induced positive changes to flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a measure of nitric oxide mediated endothelial function, in young, trained adults before and after maximal exercise. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured to determine if any changes in FMD were associated with performance improvements. A total of 11 trained participants (aged 20.64 ± 2.25 yrs) were included …
Drafting Effects Of The Third-Position Cyclist On The Second-Position Cyclist’S Power Output In A Three-Man Drafting Line, William Alan Norman
Drafting Effects Of The Third-Position Cyclist On The Second-Position Cyclist’S Power Output In A Three-Man Drafting Line, William Alan Norman
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a second-position cyclist benefitted, in terms of decreased power requirement, from the presence of a third-position cyclist. It was hypothesized that the second-position cyclist would experience a decrease in power requirement with the presence of a third-position cyclist compared to the absence of a third-position cyclist, and that this decreased power requirement would be magnified during the faster trials. Twelve trained cyclists served as second-position subjects. Subjects completed 12 total trials each: 2 solo trials at a moderate speed (MS), 2 solo trials at a high speed (HS), 2 MS trials …
Knowledge And Understanding Of Gluten And The Gluten-Free Diet By Students At James Madison University, Jessica Grace Bissinger
Knowledge And Understanding Of Gluten And The Gluten-Free Diet By Students At James Madison University, Jessica Grace Bissinger
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore public awareness and knowledge of gluten and the Gluten-Free Diet (GFD) with the intent to discover a difference between knowledge of gluten and related topics, and willingness to engage in the GFD fad. Methods: A Qualtrics survey was distributed to students at James Madison University. Answers to an educational quiz were used to calculate an overall score, which were divided into tertiles identified as Low Knowledge (LK), Moderate Knowledge (MK), and High Knowledge (HK). Tertiles were compared against the question, “Have you considered using a gluten-free diet?” Results: Data was analyzed …
Effects Of Soccer Headgear On Cognitive Function Immediately Following Heading, Maegan Renae Michalik
Effects Of Soccer Headgear On Cognitive Function Immediately Following Heading, Maegan Renae Michalik
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Concussion awareness and knowledge has increased and, as a consequence, protective equipment has been developed in an attempt to protect the athletes from sustaining a concussion. The manufacturers market the equipment as a tool to prevent concussions, yet few studies have systematically tested this hypothesis. This study investigated the Full90 Headgear to determine if performance on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT 2) is impacted by the presence of headgear. Subjects performed two trials, each consisting of four different heading drills both with and without the Full90 Headgear. Subjects were evaluated prior to the heading drills with the SCAT …
The Effects Of Sr2w-1 Supplementation On High-Intensity Cycling Performance And Lactate Metabolism, Kevin A. Murach
The Effects Of Sr2w-1 Supplementation On High-Intensity Cycling Performance And Lactate Metabolism, Kevin A. Murach
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of SR2W-1 herbal supplementation on cycling performance, muscle and blood lactate, and various physiological parameters including blood glucose, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO2), expired ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and femoral artery blood flow. Methods: Seven recreational cyclists (Age: 26.7 ± 9.8 yrs, Height: 172.5 ± 13.3 cm, Weight:67.1 ± 10.7 kg, and VO2max: 59.5 ± 11 mL/kg/min) performed 20-min of steady-state cycling (~85% VO2max, 212.1 ± 25.0 W) followed by three 1-min high intensity intervals at VO2max workload (272.9 ± 26.9) …
Volume Of Physical Activity And Hemostatic Variables In Pregnant Women, Christine Nicewonger
Volume Of Physical Activity And Hemostatic Variables In Pregnant Women, Christine Nicewonger
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between blood coagulation and fibrinolytic potential and physical activity. Physical activity levels to predict blood coagulation and fibrinolytic potential were also examined. Methods: Twenty-three pregnant women, aged 19-34 yrs, had a fasted blood draw between 6 and 10 a.m. analyzed for tPA antigen, tPA activity, PAI-1 antigen, and vWF antigen. Trimester specific volume of leisure time physical activity was assessed by the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) and converted to METmin/wk. Based on MAQ results, women were grouped as meeting (“active”) or not meeting (“sedentary”) physical activity recommendations established by American College of Obstetrics and …
Comparison Of Carotid, Brachial, And Popliteal Intima Media Thickness Among Sedentary And Physically Active Subjects Between 40 And 60 Years Old, Amanda Robinson
Comparison Of Carotid, Brachial, And Popliteal Intima Media Thickness Among Sedentary And Physically Active Subjects Between 40 And 60 Years Old, Amanda Robinson
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of long term versus recent training on intima-media thickness (IMT) and if this effect is localized in the vascular beds of the tissues directly involved in the activity. Thirty-four male subjects (aged 49.69 ± 6.48 years) were recruited and divided into the following groups: sedentary (SE), recent aerobic exercisers (RE) or long-term aerobic exercisers (LE). Carotid, brachial, and popliteal artery IMT was measured using B-mode ultrasonography. Diet, physical activity, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured as well. Carotid IMT was not significant (p=0.974) between the groups, with SE values …
The Relationship Between Physical Activity Recommendations And Diabetes Risk Factors In Pregnant Women, Kelly Mattran
The Relationship Between Physical Activity Recommendations And Diabetes Risk Factors In Pregnant Women, Kelly Mattran
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
BACKGROUND: Changes in maternal insulin sensitivity throughout pregnancy may help supply nutrients to a growing fetus; however, the changes may concomitantly increase the mother and child’s risk for diabetes and chronic diseases. Regular physical activity (PA) positively impacts precursors for diabetes, but the impact of PA throughout gestation is less studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between meeting PA recommendations and diabetes risk in pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 23 pregnant women were recruited for participation. Venous blood samples, questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and hip/waist circumferences) were ascertained during a single session. …
The Effects Of Sr2w-1 Supplementation On Cycling Performance And Muscle Fatigue, Tara Ali Ata
The Effects Of Sr2w-1 Supplementation On Cycling Performance And Muscle Fatigue, Tara Ali Ata
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential effects of SR2W-1 supplementation on cycling performance, central fatigue, and a variety of physiological parameters, including blood lactate, blood pH, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO2), expired ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Methods: Five recreational cyclists (38 ± 8 yr, 168.4 ± 4.3 cm, 68.8 ± 5.6 kg, and 54.4 ± 2.6 mL/kg/min) performed 20-min of steady-state cycling (~85% VO2max) followed by three 1-min high intensity intervals at VO2max with 30-sec active recovery periods at 100 W, 15-min passive recovery period, and a …
The Genetic Influence On The Placebo Effect Specific To Exercise Performance, Jennifer Wu
The Genetic Influence On The Placebo Effect Specific To Exercise Performance, Jennifer Wu
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Placebo treatments can be used to elicit many different physiological responses; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Recent research has shown the possibility of a genetic influence on the placebo response in patients with mood disorders. In this study, we attempted to establish a similar relationship in healthy college-aged students. Force production was measured by isometric knee extension of the quadriceps muscles using maximum voluntary contractions (MVC). Subjects were given placebo treatments disguised as an undisclosed sports supplement with the information that the supplement was previously shown to provide immediate strength improvements following ingestion. Subject DNA was genotyped for …
Concurrent Aerobic Exercise Interferes With The Satellite Cell Response To Acute Resistance Exercise In Mhc I Muscle Fibers, Lyle W. Babcock
Concurrent Aerobic Exercise Interferes With The Satellite Cell Response To Acute Resistance Exercise In Mhc I Muscle Fibers, Lyle W. Babcock
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: Concurrent training attenuates hypertrophy compared to resistance training alone, and does so in a fiber-type specific manner. The mechanism responsible for this ‘interference’ is unclear, and satellite cell physiology, an important hypertrophic factor, has not been examined within this context. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to assess the fiber-type specific satellite cell response to acute resistance, aerobic and concurrent exercise. Methods: Eight recreationally active college-aged males (23±1 yrs, 83.4±3.6 kg, 181±2 cm, and 48.5±1.6 ml/kg/min) performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions with a fourth set ≥ 10 repetitions at 75% of 1RM for both unilateral leg extensions …
Effect Of Diet Induced Weight Loss And Exercise On Hscreactive Protein In Sedentary Postmenopausal Women, Jennifer Donnelly
Effect Of Diet Induced Weight Loss And Exercise On Hscreactive Protein In Sedentary Postmenopausal Women, Jennifer Donnelly
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as increased body fat, dyslipidemia, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are intensified in postmenopausal women. CRP has been reported as an independent indicator of risk for cardiovascular events. CRP is affected by multiple factors such as age, race, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity level. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an exercise intervention on traditional (BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference, physical activity level) and non-traditional (CRP) risk factors for cardiovascular disease to a dietary intervention program in sedentary, postmenopausal women. Twenty apparently healthy postmenopausal …
The Efficacy Of Caffeine Supplementation In Collegiate Tennis Players And The Magnitude Of Improvement In Tennis Skill Mediated By Caffeine Influenced By A Polymorphism Of The Cyp1a2 Gene, Courtney Klein
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: This study examined the efficacy of caffeine supplementation on tennis performance in male and female collegiate tennis players and whether a polymorphism of the CYP1A2 gene influenced the ergogenic response to caffeine. Methods: Eighteen collegiate tennis players (9 male; 9 female) completed two separate trials. Each test occurred one hour after the administration of either 6 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo, administered in double-blind fashion. The treadmill portion was comprised of 15 minutes at a velocity corresponding with 50% VO2max followed by 30 minutes of intermittent sprints (5 seconds at 80% VO2max, 15 seconds at 50% VO2max). 90 …
The Independent And Combined Effects Of Carbohydrate And Caffeine Ingestion On Cycling Performance, Tiffany L. Acker
The Independent And Combined Effects Of Carbohydrate And Caffeine Ingestion On Cycling Performance, Tiffany L. Acker
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the independent and combined effects of carbohydrate and caffeine ingestion on performance and physiological parameters during high-intensity aerobic cycling (~60 minutes). Methods: Ten cyclists (28 ± 3 yr, 73.2 ± 1.9 kg) performed 20 minutes of steady-state cycling (60% Wmax) followed by a simulated 20-km time trial (TT) under the following four treatment conditions: placebo (PLA), carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine (CAF), and a combination of CHO and CAF (CHO-CAF). One hour prior to exercise subjects ingested a placebo/caffeine capsule. Beverages (250 ml) were consumed immediately prior to the 20-min steady-state, immediately prior …
The Relationship Between Blood Iron Markers, Nutritional Intakes And Bone Mineral Density, Leah Dawn Morrison
The Relationship Between Blood Iron Markers, Nutritional Intakes And Bone Mineral Density, Leah Dawn Morrison
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum ferritin (sFer) levels, nutrient intake of iron, calcium and vitamin D and bone mineral density (BMD) in female collegiate athletes. It was hypothesized that if an individual had low sFer (20µg/L. An independent T-test also showed no mean differences in BMD levels at any site when the group was divided into high and low sFer levels. CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between sFer level and BMD or between BMD and intake levels of iron, calcium or vitamin D, in female collegiate athletes participating in weight bearing sports. …
Effect Of Deep Oscillation Therapy On The Reduction Of Swelling And Pain Following Acute Ankle Sprain, Lisa Marie Friesen
Effect Of Deep Oscillation Therapy On The Reduction Of Swelling And Pain Following Acute Ankle Sprain, Lisa Marie Friesen
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Context: Deep oscillation therapy is a novel form of therapy that claims to reduce the amount of pain and swelling in acute orthopedic injuries. However, these claims are based on anecdotal evidence and there have not been any published studies on the efficacy of deep oscillation therapy in reduction of pain and swelling. Due to the prevalence of ankle sprains in physically active individuals, this study compared the effect of deep oscillation therapy in reduction of pain and swelling to conventional treatment. Objective: To compare the effect of deep oscillation therapy on pain and swelling resulting from acute ankle sprains …
Effects Of Strengthening Exercises On Forward Shoulder Posture In Division In Competitive Female Swimmers, Rachel Lynn Ondek
Effects Of Strengthening Exercises On Forward Shoulder Posture In Division In Competitive Female Swimmers, Rachel Lynn Ondek
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Abstract Forward shoulder posture in the repetitive overhead athlete has been isolated as a possible predisposition for injury. Shoulder strengthening and stretching programs have displayed benefits for overhead athletes such as swimmers to decrease risk of impingement, labral issues, and other shoulder pathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of strengthening exercises on forward shoulder posture in female overhead athletes. Thirty-one Division I female collegiate competitive swimmers were divided into 3 groups: control, strengthening, and combination of stretching and strengthening. The two intervention groups were assigned a 16 session strength-only or a combined strength and stretching …
Altered Carbohydrate And Protein Content In Sports Beverages: Influence On Recovery From Heavy Endurance Exercise, Christopher Boop
Altered Carbohydrate And Protein Content In Sports Beverages: Influence On Recovery From Heavy Endurance Exercise, Christopher Boop
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different carbohydrate-protein recovery beverages following heavy endurance exercise. Methods: Twelve well-trained male cyclists completed a glycogen-depleting trial followed by a 4 hour recovery period before completing a simulated 20-km time trial. During the recovery period, subjects consumed one of three isocaloric beverages [high-carbohydrate/low-protein (HCLP); low-carbohydrate/high-protein (LCHP); carbohydrate (CHO)] at 0h and 2h, as well as immediately following the 20-km time trial. Creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, isometric peak torque (MVC), and mental/physical fatigue/energy ratings were measured pre- and post trial. Glucose and lactate were measured during the glycogen …
Influence Of Genotype Variations On Markers Of Skeletal Muscle Recovery From Heavy Endurance Exercise, And On Responses To Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation, Qingnian Goh
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Purpose: This study examined the influence of genotype polymorphisms (specifically ACTN3 R577X, IGF-II C13790C, IGF-II G17200A, IGF2AS A1364C, IGF2AS G11711T) on markers of skeletal muscle recovery following an acute bout of heavy endurance exercise, and assessed their role in determining individual responses to carbohydrate-protein supplementation. Methods: Twelve trained male cyclists completed repeated cycling trials, each consisting of an initial session of glycogen-depleting exercise, followed four hours later by a >1 hr time-trial on a computerized cycle ergometer (VeloTron, Racermate, Inc). Subjects were randomly administered a high-carbohydrate low-protein (HCLP), or carbohydrate-only (CHO) beverage, which was consumed immediately and 2-hours post glycogen …
The Effect Of Heavy Handrail Support On Blood Pressure Response In Normotensive Adults During Treadmill Walking, Kevin Brian Reid
The Effect Of Heavy Handrail Support On Blood Pressure Response In Normotensive Adults During Treadmill Walking, Kevin Brian Reid
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Physiological and hemodynamic responses to handrail support during treadmill walking have shown a blunted response when compared to non-handrail support. The effects of treadmill walking, with the inclusion of “heavy” upper limb and torso activation through handrail support is yet unreported. The effect of “heavy” support through side handrail support (SHRS) and front console support (C) versus no handrail support (NHRS) treadmill walking was studied utilizing both slow/low (2.5 mph & 3% elevation) and high/fast (3.5 mph & 11% elevation) energy expenditure levels. Seventeen healthy adults (43.89 +/- 6.07 years) completed trials at both energy expenditure levels incorporating all three …
The Effects Of Different Doses Of Caffeine On A 40 Kilometer Cycling Time Trial: A Dose-Response Study, Michael Martin
The Effects Of Different Doses Of Caffeine On A 40 Kilometer Cycling Time Trial: A Dose-Response Study, Michael Martin
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the ergogenic response to different caffeine doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg consumed by trained cyclists 1 hour prior to a 40 kilometer cycling time trial. It was hypothesized that there would not be a difference in time trial performance following caffeine supplementation of a 3 mg/kg dose as compared to a 6 mg/kg dose. Sixteen male subjects, age 18-40, were initially assessed via a VO2max test on an indoor cycle trainer. Subjects then reported to the lab on 4 separate occasions following a 10 hour fast and a 24 …