Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Carbon Black On Tr Moisture Measurements And Beta Ray Basis Weight Measurements, William A. Beck

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Computer control of paper industry processes is becoming a very significant segment of the industry. Of major importance is on-line measurement and control of moisture and basis weight in the web, those two parameters affect practically every other sheet characteristics. Accurate closed loop control is essential to keeping the product within customer-demanded specifications.

Board mills in particular utilize large quantities of waste paper, with the rate of usage expected to increase from 20.5 percent in 1970 to 26 percent by 1985. The concentration of contaminants will increase at a similar rate. One such contaminant, carbon black, will reduce the effectiveness …

Cooking Variables In Recycling Newsprint, Herbert W. Fergison Jr.

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this paper was to compare the effect of some cooking variables on the brightness of the final sheet and the yield per cook in recycling newsprint. The cooking variables examined were: the kind of cooking chemical, the amount of cooking chemical, and the cooking temperature. The cooking variables, that were held constant, were pressure, time, agitation, and consistency of the cooks. The newsprint was cooked in an apparatus similar to a hydrapulper. The brightness decreased with both increased temperature and increased percent addition of chemicals. The yield decreased with both, increased temperature and increased percent addition of …

Thermal Conductivity Measurements Of Wet Paper, Keith S. Kearcher

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The thermal conductivity of wet paper mats was studied as a function of moisture content and porosity. The conductivity measurements were conducted with a steady-state hot plate apparatus. Results show the relationship of conductivity and moisture content to be non-linear in an increasing fashion. Large variability in results obtained is largely attributed to experimental apparatus design and engineering. Solid cellulose conductivities were calculated using experimental results and the average value was found to be 0.317 ± 0.188 BTU/hr-ft-°F. Close correlation of data using different pulp furnishes indicate type of furnish is not a major variable in conductivity determinations.

Influence Of Overdrying On Dimensional Stability And Certain Strength Properties Of Paper, Shun K. Ma

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In the past, the consequences of overdrying have been examined with the drying theory. This study was designed to look at the effects of overdrying on handsheets. Comparison of the dimensional change and strength properties was made between two sets of handsheets, one conditioned in the humidity room and the other overdried at 90°C for four hours. The handsheets used in this experiment were made from five types of furnishes: Hardwood Kraft, Softwood Kraft, Hardwood Kraft and Softwood Kraft combination, and two different percentages of TiO₂ added to Softwood Kraft. The dimensional stability was measured by the Neenah Expansimeter. …

The Use Of Dry Strength Additives To Improve Curling Resistance In A Sheet Of Paper, Stephen D. Olsen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of the following report was to look at the possibility of using dry strength resins to help reduce curling tendencies in a sheet of paper.

The use of dry strength additives greatly increased the strength characteristics of a sheet of paper. The increase was so great it allowed: substituting softwood fibers with hardwood fibers and/or using a higher freeness and still retain the same strength characteristics. The results of these changes would give a sheet of paper reduced curling tendencies. The changes could also result in power reductions, material savings, and/or improved formation for producing the sheet of …

A Study Of Dual Polymer Retention Aids For The Retention On Titanium Dioxide Using The Dynamic Drainage Jar, Minidrinier, And Handsheets, David E. Null

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Two types of dual polymer retention aid systems, a low molecular weight, high charge density, cationic polyamine with a high molecular weight, low charge density, cationic polyacrylamide, and the same polyamine with a high molecular weight, highly charged anionic polyacrylamide, were studied using the Dynamic Drainage Jar, the Minidrinier, and handsheets. Both systems gave higher retention than could be achieved using any of the retention aids alone, however, formation was a problem. Contact time and shear were shown to be important variables. All three testing methods were useful, the Dynamic Drainage Jar having an advantage due to its flexibility.

The Effects Of Anthraquinone On Kraft Pulping, Allison K. Noble

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Popel chips were cooked in Kraft liquor modified by anthraquinone (AQ). Ten trials with varying levels of AQ, white liquor and cooking time were completed. It was found that the percent yield decreased by as much as 10 points as the level of AQ was increased. But the Kappa number decreased by only 2 points at the maximum AQ level; therefore, at a consistant Kappa number, the percent yield for the unmodified Kraft pulp would be greater than the modified pulp. Overall pulp strength increased significantly with the addition of 0.05% AQ, as was evidenced by the improvement of strength …

The Effects Of Temperature On Hot Melt Removal, Thomas J. Westerback

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This experiment attempted to reveal the role temperature plays on the removal of hot melt adhesive from corrugated medium.

Three repulping trials were conducted· on stock containing a previous applied EVA base hotmelt. The trials were conducted at the following temperatures: 160°F, 100°F and 40°F. The stock was then screened and centrifical cleaned at varying temperatures.

Handsheets were made before and after each stage, and visually inspected for hot melt content. Trial 2A gave a final sheet with virtually no hot melt content.

Further lab work was conducted. At 160 ° the hot melt was found to tear into pieces. …

Herbaceous Production In Burned-Cut Burned-Uncut And Control Areas Of A Chamaecyparis Thyoides (L.) Bsp (Cupressaceae) Stand In The Great Dismal Swamp, Caroline Elisabeth Mckinley

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The herbaceous layer of an Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) stand in the Great Dismal Swamp was sampled to estimate the productivity of two burned areas and a control area. The herbaceous vegetation was sampled along three transects utilizing the harvest method and productivity values were estimated using peak biomass values for each individual species. The burned-cut area had the highest productivity (3623 kg ha^-l yr^-1) and was characterized by species of the Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae. The burned-uncut area had a productivity value of 1636 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 with similar species of the Asteraceae …

Are Trees Necessary In The City?, Chester Smolski

Smolski Texts

"It appeared as a small news item: the Providence Park Commission had requested that 40 trees be planted along Atwells Avenue as part of the $2.8 million facelift scheduled for Federal Hill but the Providence Redevelopment Agency did not act on the request. Businessmen along the street were also opposed to the plantings because they considered that their shops would not be visible behind the trees and thus, they would lose some potential business. As a result, no new trees will appear along that business thoroughfare."

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Environmental Impact Statement : Supplement To Draft Eis For Transmission Lines Prepared By The Department Of Energy, New England Division, U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

Consultation and Coordination During Preparation of the DEIS DOE, in developing the scope of work for the Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes transmission study, recognized the need for a great deal of consultation and coordination. Consultation, coordination, and public involvement were integral parts of the study design. As part of this effort, extent of experience in northern New England and location were important factors in selecting consultants for various portions of the study. The System Planning Study (Appendix A), DOE's first project effort, was accomplished in coordination with the electric utilities of the region, specifically NEPLAN, the planning arm of the New …

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project Environmental Impact Statement: Appendix F: Terrestrial Ecosystem Analysis (Supplement), New England Division, United States Army Engineer Division

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

Construction of the proposed Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project in Aroostook County, Maine will result in the isolation of an area of land due to the impoundment behind Dickey Dam. This land area is located between the United States - Canadian border, the Little Black River, the impoundment (elevation = 913 feet), the Big Black River, and the Shields Branch of the Big Black River, and comprises 183,768 acres of land. A previous report (ERT, 1977) determined the forest types within two miles of the impoundment but did not extend to the Canadian border. This report addresses the forest types

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project Environmental Impact Statement: Appendix G: Recreation Resources (Revised June 1978), U.S. Army, Corps Of Engineers, New England Division, Northern Maine Regional Planning Commission, Land Use Consultants, Inc.

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The purpose of this report is to evaluate and describe the existing recreational use and resources of the project area and the encompassing study area and to project the future use of those resources both with and without the Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project. The primary impact area of the proposed project (project area) includes the St. John River watershed upstream of the proposed damsites to the confluence of Nine-mile Brook. The area is bounded by the watershed divide with the Allagash River on the east and the Canadian Border on the west. Major tributaries of the St. John affected by …

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project Transmission Studies Environmental Impact Statement: Appendix A, United States Department Of Energy

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The U.S. Departments of the Interior and Energy have conducted system planning, location, and environmental studies for the trans-mission facilities required for the Dickey-Lincoln School Hydroelectric Project. These studies of many alternate routes have resulted in iden-tification of a proposed transmission line route, and an environmental impact statement, as required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. This report, documenting an early phase of the overall studies, was first published by the Department of the Interior in February 1977. It is being republished as Appendix A to the DOE Environmental Impact Statement for the project.

Alternative Power Transmission Corridors. Map Volume., United States. Department Of Energy

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

Source data for base map taken from US Geological Survey Topographic Maps. 1:250.000 scale series. Horizontal and vertical control depicted herein is relative to the U S.G S source maps.

Revised Draft Impact Statement Issued For Dickey-Lincoln, New England Division, United States Army Corps Of Engineers

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The revised draft combines data previously published in two separate impact statements prepared by the Corps relating to the dams, reservoirs and Power Plants and by the U. S. Department of Energy for transmission facilities to link the St. John River development to the New England power grid.

Draft Environmental Impact Statement : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Transmission Project, United States Department Of Energy

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

This draft environmental impact statement (EIS) will describe the environmental impacts of transmission plans of the Department of Energy (DOE) for the proposed Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project. Electric power produced by the project is to be integrated into the New England electric system if the project is constructed.

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Transmission Project : Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Transmission Eis Study Team, United States. Department Of Energy

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

This report summarizes the results of system planning, environmental, and location studies for transmission facilities associated with the proposed Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project in northern Maine. The studies recommend the construction of two 345-kV transmission circuits from a substation near the project along a route through western Maine into northern New Hampshire and Vermont. The plan will integrate the power produced by the project into the New England Power Pool Transmission System.

Optical Management Of The Spruce-Fir Forest Against The Spruce Budworm, Gari B. Simon

Senior Scholar Papers

Proper management of the softwood forest-budworm ecosystem is vital to the future prosperity of Maine. In choosing a management strategy, economic as well as ecological effects must be considered. This paper constructs a computer simulation model of the budworm-forest ecosystem in order to better evaluate effects of different types of forest management. The budworm-softwood forest ecosystem is a highly complicated system involving three dynamic population systems: the host tree population, the budworm population and the foliage population. Each system is modeled, by regression analysis, to observations collected by entomologists over the past half century. There are large gaps of knowledge …

Field Response Of The Southern Pine Beetle To Behavioral Chemicals, T.L. Payne, Jack E. Coster, L.J. Edson, E.R. Hart, J.V. Richerson

Faculty Publications

Field tests were conducted in East Texas in 1973-77 to evaluate the influence of 7 behavioral chemicals on the flight and landing behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman. A mixture of frontalin plus host tree volatiles attracted flying beetles within an infestation. Trans-verbenol synergized the activity of frontalin and substituted for host tree volatiles, expinene and loblolly turpentine. Verbenone in a 1: 1 ratio with frontalin did not significantly affect trap catch. At higher concentrations of verbenone, trap catch was significantly reduced. Endobrevicomin inhibited trap catch when added to an attractant-baited trap. Exo-brevicomin showed no …

Probability Of Attack By Southern Pine Beetle In Relation To Distance From An Attractive Host Tree, Paul C. Johnson, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

The pattern of southern pine beetle (SPB) attack was examined in two infestations in East Texas to determine the probability of host tree attack (PA) as a function of distance (X) from a recently attacked tree (pheromone source). In an infestation having a low rate of newly attacked trees per day and only a few pheromone sources occurring simultaneously, distance was a critical factor in determining PA. The probability decreased as In X, and was described by the regression model, PA=0.06757- 0.2583 In X. Distance, however, was less critical in a larger infestation which had multiple pheromone sources occurring simultaneously …

A Simple Model For Predicting Annual Numbers Of Southern Pine Beetle Infestations In East Texas, James Kroll, Hershel C. Reeves

Faculty Publications

Eleven climatic variables, recorded during the period 1966-76, were used to develop a multiple linear regression model for predicting potential number of southern pine beetle (SPB) infestations for east Texas. Four climatic variables were significantly (P < 0.05) related to numbers of SPB infestations. These were (1) mean temperature for February of current year, (2) total rainfall for previous summer, (3) total rain fall for previous fall, and (4) total rainfall for previous spring. The regression analysis accounted for 90.7 percent of the variation in yearly numbers of SPB infestations.

Key To The Wood-Decaying Polyporaceae Of The East Texas Region, Steve Bishop, W. T. Mcgrath

eBooks

The family includes those pore fungi whose fruiting bodies are tough, leathery or woody and whose pore layer usually cannot be separated easily from the context. The pores on the undersurface are only exterior openings of tubes bearing spores and in each species these tube mouths, or pores, are a definite shape and size. Occasionally pore walls will break up giving the appearance of teeth or gills. Fruiting bodies can be sessile, stemmed, effused-reflexed or resupinate (Fig . 2). Members of the family can be either perennial or annual, with the annual species growing during the summer and maturing that …

Nepal Studies Association Bulletin, No. 15, Nepal Studies Association, Donald A. Messerschmidt

Nepal Studies Association Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Zeta Potential And Its Affects On The Washing Stages Of Newsprint Deinking, Stephen J. Shelton

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The use of zeta potential as a parameter in the washing stages of newsprint deinking is discussed. Previous research provided the temperature, time, and consistencies used in the hydropulper and washing stages. The research carried out tried to determine whether or not zeta potential can be used as a way of increasing the effectiveness of the washing stages. The research carried out tried to determine whether or not zeta potential can be used as a way of increasing the effectiveness of the washing stages. By varying the zeta potential with chemical additives it was found that very little correlation could …

The Opportunity Spectrum -- Concept And Behavioral Information In Outdoor Recreation Resource Supply Inventories: Background And Application, Perry J. Brown, B. L. Driver, C. Mcconnell

Forest Management Faculty Publications

The paper describes an outdoor recreation resource (ORR) Supply Inventory and Classification (SIC) System that is being developed for multiple use natural resource planning. Four previously developed ORR SIC’s on which this system was built are described briefly. A general model for natural resource planning is presented to show how the proposed ORR SIC fits into a larger planning framework.

The proposed SIC System is described and its application for regional and unit planning is explained. Relationships between OR consumers' preferences for specific types of satisfying experiences and their preferences for specific attributes of the physical, social, and managerial settings …

Vegetative Propagation Of Rocky Mountain Aspen, George A. Schier

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

A Hydrologic Model Of Aspen-Conifer Succession In The Western United States, Richard A. Jaynes

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Root Suckering In Young Aspen, Girdled, Defoliated, And Decapitated At Various Seasons, George A. Schier

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Variation In Suckering Capacity Among And Within Lateral Roots Of An Aspen Clone, George A. Schier

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.