Life Sciences Commons^™

Stand Age Analysis Of Timber On Mississippi’S Private Nonindustrial Forests, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver, Willem W. S. Van Hees

Faculty Publications

Most of the current pine timber acreage in Mississippi developed through the reversion of large acreages of agricultural cropland to forestry. Now that cropland retirement has ceased, management practices must provide· for pine regeneration on existing forest lands. Harvesting practices that remove higher-valued pine timber from private, nonindustrial pine lands have created large acreages of poorly stocked, low quality hardwood stands.

Timber Severance Taxes In Mississippi, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Timber severance tax collections exceeded 2 million dollars in 1978 and 1979. Severance tax revenues are divided 25% to the state's general fund, 25% to the county where the tax was collected, and 50% to support the forest resource development program.. AU severance tax rates are fixed on a per unit volume basis except on poles, piling, and post: which are taxed on a percentage of value basis.

Behavior Of The Southern Pine Beetle On The Bark Of Host Trees During Mass Attack, Jack E. Coster, W.D. Bunt, P.C. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Twenty-two percent of the southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), that landed on the bark during the 1st 4 days of mass attack in East Texas, eventually entered the tree. Other beetles either flew away (43%), dropped off the host (32%), or were eaten (2%). No significant difference in searching time or distance traveled was found for day of attack or beetle sex. Males spent significantly less total time on the bark than females.

Spatial Distribution Of Flying Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) And The Predator Thanasunus Dubius (Coleoptera:Cleridae), Jack E. Coster, Paul C. Johnson, Reed J. Reeve

Faculty Publications

Spatial dispersion patterns of flying southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and the clerid predator Thanasimus dubius (F.) were determined within 3 natural infestations of southern pine beetle (SPB) in eastern Texas using grids of sticky traps. There was significant positive association of the 2 insects throughout the trapping grids, although aerial population densities of the clerid were inversely related to aerial densities of SPB. Aggregation patterns were quantified using the index of patchiness (lP) and the regressions of mean crowding (m) on mean density (m). Both methods showed a highly clumped pattern for both beetle species. SPB density in …

Characterization Of Grand Fir Colonized By Nosodenron Californicum Horn (Coleoptera: Nosodendridae), David Kulhavy

Faculty Publications

In two 50-hectare forested areas in a Thuja plicata/Pachistima myrsinites habitat type, 52 grand firs, Abies grandis (Douglas) Lindley, hosts of Nosodendron californicum Horn, were located. Trees colonized by N. 'califomicum averaged 40.6 min height, 115 years in age and 59.5 em in diameter. Average elevation was 906.8 m.

Outlook For Timber From Mississippi’S Private Nonindustrial Forests, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Forestry is the dominant land use in Mississippi. Fifty-five percent of the State's total land base is commercial forest and 73 percent of this is held by private nonindustrial owners. The estimated timber harvest value for 1979 was over $550 million. Forest products were second only to soybeans in value in Mississippi's agricultural and forestry crops. The 1979 value is the fourth consecutive record harvest and represents increases in both harvest volume and product prices.

Characterizing Flight Aggregation Of The Southern Pine Beetle, Jack E. Coster, Paul C. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Spatial aggregation patterns of flying southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., were studied using a systematic grid of sticky flight traps placed in 3 beetle infestations. Five methods of characterizing dispersion were compared: Lloyd's index of patchiness (IP), Morisita's index of dispersion (15), the coefficient of dispersion (CD), the slope of

Taylor's power function (b) and the slope of Iwao's regression of mean crowding on mean density (m). All indices indicated a high degree of aggregation of flying southern pine beetles within the infestations. The indices varied, however, in their ranking of aggregation for the 3 study sites. IP and …

Effects Of Prescribing Burn On Cavity Trees Of Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers, Richard N. Conner, Ann Snow

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Field Response Of The Southern Pine Beetle To Behavioral Chemicals, T.L. Payne, Jack E. Coster, L.J. Edson, E.R. Hart, J.V. Richerson

Faculty Publications

Field tests were conducted in East Texas in 1973-77 to evaluate the influence of 7 behavioral chemicals on the flight and landing behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman. A mixture of frontalin plus host tree volatiles attracted flying beetles within an infestation. Trans-verbenol synergized the activity of frontalin and substituted for host tree volatiles, expinene and loblolly turpentine. Verbenone in a 1: 1 ratio with frontalin did not significantly affect trap catch. At higher concentrations of verbenone, trap catch was significantly reduced. Endobrevicomin inhibited trap catch when added to an attractant-baited trap. Exo-brevicomin showed no …

Probability Of Attack By Southern Pine Beetle In Relation To Distance From An Attractive Host Tree, Paul C. Johnson, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

The pattern of southern pine beetle (SPB) attack was examined in two infestations in East Texas to determine the probability of host tree attack (PA) as a function of distance (X) from a recently attacked tree (pheromone source). In an infestation having a low rate of newly attacked trees per day and only a few pheromone sources occurring simultaneously, distance was a critical factor in determining PA. The probability decreased as In X, and was described by the regression model, PA=0.06757- 0.2583 In X. Distance, however, was less critical in a larger infestation which had multiple pheromone sources occurring simultaneously …

A Simple Model For Predicting Annual Numbers Of Southern Pine Beetle Infestations In East Texas, James Kroll, Hershel C. Reeves

Faculty Publications

Eleven climatic variables, recorded during the period 1966-76, were used to develop a multiple linear regression model for predicting potential number of southern pine beetle (SPB) infestations for east Texas. Four climatic variables were significantly (P < 0.05) related to numbers of SPB infestations. These were (1) mean temperature for February of current year, (2) total rainfall for previous summer, (3) total rain fall for previous fall, and (4) total rainfall for previous spring. The regression analysis accounted for 90.7 percent of the variation in yearly numbers of SPB infestations.

Aggregation Of The Southern Pine Beetle In Response To Attractive Host Trees, Jack E. Coster, T.L. Payne, E.R. Hart, L.J. Edson

Faculty Publications

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman were attracted to shortleaf pines, Pinus echinata MilL, using infested shortleaf pine bolts. Response was monitored during the ensuing mass attack period by the use of sticky traps suspended along the tree boles. Uninfested host materials or host materials containing only male beetles did not elicit mass attack of trees. Female beetles either alone or in combination with males, usually stimulated mass attack within 24 h. Traps at 3-4 m above the ground caught the greatest number (26.7%) of beetles. Trap catches peaked on the 3rd day of attack and declined rapidly thereafter. Daily flight activity was …

Distribution Of Some Predators And Parasites Of The Southern Pine Beetle In Two Species Of Pine, Jack E. Coster, Catherine Stein

Faculty Publications

Southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and its natural insect enemies were reared from infested loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., and shortleaf pines, P. echinata Mill. Southern pine beetle broods were most dense during spring (Mar.-May) and least dense in late summer. Populations were higher in late winter than in midsummer. There were no differences in beetle densities between the pine species. Twelve predators and 9 parasites comprised ca. 99% of the natural enemy complex.

Total density of the 12 predators did not vary with either season or tree species. Total parasite density, however, was highest in midsummer, lowest in …

Crown Positions Within Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantation Canopies, J. David Lenhart, Dwight R. Hicks, Chi-Yun Ho

Faculty Publications

Crown class percentages are not affected by age or trees/acre. The percentage of dominant and suppressed trees is affected by land productivity.

Site Factors Affecting Growth Of Slash Pine In The Texas Post Oak Belt, W. D. Hacker, M. Victor Bilan

Faculty Publications

A study was conducted in the Post Oak Belt of East Texas to determine which site factors affected height growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.). Height-age pairs were developed from stem analysis data. Nonlinear regression was implemented to develop a generalized height-age model. After curves were developed, stepwise regression was used to determine impacts of environmental variables on height growth. Environmental factors correlated with height growth included A horizon depth and those related to moisture relations including seasonal precipitation, average daily temperature, and texture of the A horizon. South. J. . Appl. For. 21(2):71-74.

Stomatal Opening, Transpiration, And Need/E Moisture In Loblolly Pine Seedlings From Two Texas Seed Sources, M. Victor Bilan, C.T. Hogan, H.B. Carter

Faculty Publications

Relationships among percentage of open stomates, transpiration, and needle moisture content in seedlings of loblolly pine of two Texas provenances were studied under changing soil moisture conditions. Needle moisture content correlated very well with transpiration under favorable moisture conditions, and with percentage of open stomates under soil moisture stress. Transpiration and percentage of open stomates were correlated under a wide range of moisture conditions. Foliage moisture content was still relatively high in both ecotypes when stomates closed and transpiration drastically declined. The "Lost Pines" seed source appeared to have superior ability to conserve moisture under droughty conditions by closure of …

Towards Integrated Protection From The Southern Pine Beetle, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

Current southern pine beetle ( Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) control depends heavily upon direct approaches having short-term payoffs. Chemical or physical tactics have fidled to check epidemics in the Gulf South. A major challenge lies in developing and using indirect methods for managing this pest. Promotion of stand resistance and biotic agents, and manipulation of stand density and cutting practices, hold prospect for reducing the incidence and severity of beetle-caused losses.

Sex-Ratio Estimation, Sequential Sampling, And The Programmable Packet Calculator, Paul C. Johnson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Six Insecticides On Emergence Of Some Parasites And Predators From Southern Pine Beetle Infested Trees, Jack E. Coster, I. R. Ragenovich

Faculty Publications

Six insecticides (lindane, phosmet, diazinon, acephate, propoxur, and carbaryl) were tested to determine effects on predators and parasites associated with southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, in eastern Texas. Eleven species of parasites and predators emerged from insecticide-treated pine bolts. The most prevalent species was Coeloides pissodis followed by Medetera lJistriata, Roptrocerus xylophagorum, Corticeus glaber, and Thanasimus dulJius. In terms of emergence from treated pines, only diazinon significantly reduced the total number of associated insects. They were 65% fewer in number following diazinon treatment. The insecticides differed in their effects on the 11 associates. C. glaber, C. pissodis, M. lJistriata, …

Endoparasitic Nematodes Of Ips Bark Beetles In Eastern Texas, Jack E. Coster, William Hoffard

Faculty Publications

East Texas Ips species contained 4 specific internal nematodes; I. avulsus (Eichhoff) were infected with Parasitylenchus avulsi Massey, I. grandicollis (Eichhoff) with Contortylenchus grandicolli (Massey) Rlihm, and I. calligraphus (Germar) with Contortylenchus elongatus (Massey) Nickle and Parasitaphelenchus sp. In all 3 bark beetles, infection peaked in July and August when 50-58% of adults from naturally attacked pine trees contained nematodes. Infection levels declined to 20-30% during January and February. Infected I. grandicollis and I. avulsus adults appeared lighter in color than noninfected adults. Nematode infection apparently delayed emergence of both sexes of I. grandicollis and females of I. avulsus. In …

Notes On Nosodendron Californicum Horn On Slime Fluxes Of Grand Fir, Abies Grandis (Douglas) Lindley, In Northern Idaho (Coleoptera: Nosodendridae), David Kulhavy, Harold Osborne

Faculty Publications

Adults and larvae of Nosodendron californicum Horn were observed and collected from sap exudations on and adjacent to frost cracks of Abiesgrandis (Douglas) Lindley. This is the first published record of this species in Idaho and east of the Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest.

Improving Height/Age Data From Stem Analysis, J. David Lenhart

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Needle Variation In Loblolly Pine From Mesic And Xeric Seed Sources, M. Victor Bilan, T.A. Knauf

Faculty Publications

Anatomical modifications in protective layers and stomatal characteristics of needles which would have moisture conserving effects were found in 2-yr-old seedlings of 1oblolly pines of the Bastrop County, Texas, provenance. Most of these modifications were absent from needles of 16-yr-old trees of the same provenance. Forest Sci. 20:88-90.

Evaluation Of Four Systemic Insecticides Against The Cottonwood Twig Borer, Jack E. Coster, Robert G. Merrifield, R.A. Woessner

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Feeding And Mating On Pheromone Release In The Southern Pine Beetle, Jack E. Coster, J.P. Vite`

Faculty Publications

Response of field populations of Delldroetoll1lS frontalis Zimmermann to their aggregating pheromone was correlated with pheromone content of dissectted hindgut tissues of adult beetles a determined by the gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) technique. Adult beetles in various stages of feeding activity and reproductive states were used for this purpose. Two major components of the aggregating pheromones, frontalin and trans-verbenol, were found in the largest quantities in emergent unfed females. After 48 hours of feeding, frontal in content of the hindguts was 29% and trans-verbeno content was only 5% of that of emergent females. Continuous bioassays of females feeding in host material …

Predicting Survival Of Unthinned, Old-Field Loblolly Pine Plantations, J. David Lenhart

Faculty Publications

A prediction equation, graph, and tables can assist forest landowners in estimating tree survival in unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus Taeda L.) plantations in the Interior West Gulf coastal plain.

An Alternative Procedure For Improving Height/Age Data From Stem Analysis, J. David Lenhart

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Production Of Aggregating Pheromones In Re-Emerged Parent Females Of The Southern Pine Beetle, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Acrylic Resin Tubes For Studying Root Growth In Tree Seedlings, M. Victor Bilan

Faculty Publications

A new method was designed to study root growth of intact tree seedlings grown in acrylic resin tubes filled with soil.

Flooding And Drainage Effects On Slash Pine Loblolly Pine Seedlings, Laurence C. Walker, J.M. Daniels, R.L. Daniels

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.