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Aquaculture and Fisheries

1976

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Articles 31 - 60 of 96

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes Jan 1976

Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

We have described elsewhere the ontogeny of behavior of young Cichlasoma citrinelium, and some aspects of the behavior of the parents during the corresponding period (Noakes and Barlow 1968, 1973a, 1973b). Adults are polymorphic in body color, the "normal" color being grey; the "gold" morphs are more or less xanthic and lack the species typical dark markings (Barlow 1973; and in preparation). The young have a characteristic behavior directed toward the parents in both the laboratory and the field. About 4 days after the young become free-swimming, they begin to feed from the body surfaces …

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The Status Of The Freshwater Shark Of Lake Nicaragua, Thomas B. Thorson, Donald E. Watson, C. Michael Cowan Jan 1976

The Status Of The Freshwater Shark Of Lake Nicaragua, Thomas B. Thorson, Donald E. Watson, C. Michael Cowan

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Nineteen sharks collected from freshwater at several points on Lake Nicaragua and the Rio San Juan were all of the same species and indistinguishable from marine Carcharhinus leucas of the Atlantic. Minor differences previously thought to separate C. leucas from the lake shark proved to be invalid. Females had slightly longer gill slits, somewhat greater breadth of pelvic fin, and a longer abdominal region than males. Clasper length indicated that the onset of sexual maturity in males occurs when they are between 1,600 and 1,700 mm in total length.
The classical theory or origin of the sharks from Pacific ancestry …

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An Investigation Of The Feeding Habits Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas, In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Robert E. Tuma Jan 1976

An Investigation Of The Feeding Habits Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas, In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Robert E. Tuma

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The bull shark or cub shark, Carcharhinus leucas, occurs in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. In the western Atlantic it occurs from New York to southern Brazil.

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Reproduction Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leu Cas , In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Norman H. Jenson Jan 1976

Reproduction Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leu Cas , In The Lake Nicaragua-Rio San Juan System, Norman H. Jenson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Carcharhinus leucas, the bull shark, or cub shark, is a member of a large family, the Carcharhinidae, sometimes called requiem sharks. It is of medium size, reaching a maximum of a little more than three meters in some parts of its range, but little more than two and one-half meters in my study area. It is euryhaline, able to live for extended periods of time in both freshwater and marine environments. It is a viviparous shark, retaining the young and nourishing them by means of a yolk-sac placenta.

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Partitioning Of Body Fluids In The Lake Nicaragua Shark And Three Marine Sharks, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

Partitioning Of Body Fluids In The Lake Nicaragua Shark And Three Marine Sharks, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The relative volumes of major body fluids of freshwater and marine sharks are remarkably similar in spite of the differences in external medium and in osmotic pressure of body fluids. The small differences detected are in agreement with differences reported in comparisons of freshwater and marine te1eosts: a slightly higher total water content and a smaller ratio of extracellular to intracellular fluids in freshwater forms.

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Hemoglobin Stability In Bull Sharks, Jack D. Burke Jan 1976

Hemoglobin Stability In Bull Sharks, Jack D. Burke

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

No significant differences in oxyhemoglobin affinity, or electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobin were found in 18 bull sharks collected in selected regions of Lake Nicaragua, the Rio San Juan, and the Caribbean Sea. The half-saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (P50) was 11 and 17 mm Hg at pH 7.4 and 6.8, respectively (25° C, 3% hemoglobin solution, potassium phosphate buffer, 0.3 ionic strength). Electrophoresis resolved the hemoglobin into a minor and a major band. P1animetry of densitometric recordings showed that the major band constituted 54% of the total hemoglobin; the minor band, 46%. On the basis of these hemoglobin studies, no …

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Serum Protein Variation In The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas Müller And Henle, 1841, C. Michael Cowan Jan 1976

Serum Protein Variation In The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas Müller And Henle, 1841, C. Michael Cowan

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

I. A detailed electrophoretic study was made of different developmental stages of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas Mülller and Henle, 1841.
2. Both qualitative and quantitative variations were found to exist between newborn and adult bull sharks.
3. Variations in the globulin portion may be related to the development of immunoglobulins.

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Comparison Of Some Parameters Of Serum And Uterine Fluid Of Pregnant, Viviparous Sharks (Carcharhinus Leucas) And Serum Of Their Near-Term Young, Thomas B. Thorson, Jeffrey W. Gerst Jan 1976

Comparison Of Some Parameters Of Serum And Uterine Fluid Of Pregnant, Viviparous Sharks (Carcharhinus Leucas) And Serum Of Their Near-Term Young, Thomas B. Thorson, Jeffrey W. Gerst

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

I. In eight females, serum urea concentrations of 134-336 mM/l. were interpreted as indications of previous environmental salinities.
2. Fetal serum solute concentrations usually resembled those of the mother, but in two cases where fetal urea was higher, it was interpreted as a lag in urea reduction following movement from salt to fresh water.
3. Uterine fluid was similar to maternal serum in all parameters except for its very low protein content.
4. No flushing of the uteri with environmental water occurs.
5. Independent osmoregulation apparently does not occur before birth, although required mechanisms may be present.
6. The full …

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Studio Istochimico Comparato Della Ghiandoia Digitiforme Rettale Di Selaci Marini E Di Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Gian Franco De Stefano Jan 1976

Studio Istochimico Comparato Della Ghiandoia Digitiforme Rettale Di Selaci Marini E Di Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Gian Franco De Stefano

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

La ghiandola reHale dei Selaci secerne notevoli quantita eli elettroliti: I'inelagine istomorfologica e istochimica puo consentire eli documentare I'('sistenza eli elispositivi strutturali e di potenzialita metaboliche collegabili con I'accumulo e la liberazione eli energia utilizzabile per un trasporto ionico attivo, fenomeno che appare alIa base deIl'attivita della ghiandola.

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Aspetti Della Ghiandola Rettale E Della Regolazione Osmoticain Selaci Marini E D' Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Gian Francis De Stefano Jan 1976

Aspetti Della Ghiandola Rettale E Della Regolazione Osmoticain Selaci Marini E D' Acqua Dolce, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Gian Francis De Stefano

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

In continuazione di ricerche giil pubblicate (GERZELI G., 1967 - 1st. Lombardo Rend. Sc., BIOI: 117 ; GERZELI F. e DE STEFANO G. F., 1968 - Cony. Soc. Ital. Anat.) l'indagine istomorfologica e istochimica sulla ghiandola rettale c stata estes a ad altre specie, integrandola con alcuni dati ehimici su costituenti plasmatici. Sinora sono state esaminate Ie seguenti specie: Scylliorhinus stellaris, Galeus melastomus, Torpedo marmorata, Raja asterias (del Mar Tirreno); Galeorhinus zyopterus (dell'Oceano Pacifico orientale) ; Carcharhinus leucas (del Mar dei Caraibi e del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Pristis perotteti (del Lago di Nicaragua) ; Potamotrygon brachiurus …

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Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The presently known pristiform fauna of the western Atlantic consists of only two species, one each of Fowler's (1941) subgenera, Pristis and Pristiopsis. The former, characterized by the absence of a subcaudal lobe on the caudal fin, is represented by Pristis pectinatus; the latter, in which the subcaudal lobe is present, by Pristis perotteti. Although several features readily separate the two species, they can most easily be distinguished by the more slender rostrum of P. pectinatus and its larger number of rostral teeth, 24 to 32 on each side, as compared with 14 to 20 in P. …

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Index Of Scientific Names Jan 1976

Index Of Scientific Names

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Index of scientific names in Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes.

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Creel Census And Fisheries Utilization Study, Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project, Maine : For The Period 26 May 1976 To 15 August 1976, Final Report To U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers, Gordon W. Russell, Richard W. Hatch, Mary J. Hosmer Jan 1976

Creel Census And Fisheries Utilization Study, Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project, Maine : For The Period 26 May 1976 To 15 August 1976, Final Report To U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers, Gordon W. Russell, Richard W. Hatch, Mary J. Hosmer

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

To describe the utilization of the existing fishery resource within the project area during the summer of 1976. Information collected between Memorial Day and August 15, 1976 is used to estimate angler use of the area, total catch and economic value of angler use and to profile the user group.

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Recommendations Of Alternative System Plans And Transmission Corridors For The Dickey/Lincoln School Hydroelectric Project, Vtn Environmental Sciences (Firm), Interior Jan 1976

Recommendations Of Alternative System Plans And Transmission Corridors For The Dickey/Lincoln School Hydroelectric Project, Vtn Environmental Sciences (Firm), Interior

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

This second volume of the Assessment of Alternative Power Transmission Corri-dors related to the Dickey Lincoln/School Hydroelectric Project, contains all relevant background materials to support the mapping and analysis of en-vironmental resource information. Narrative explaining what information was evaluated and the sources and reasons for its consideration are integral to this assessment.

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Fact Sheet : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes, Maine, New England Division, United States Army Corps Of Engineers Jan 1976

Fact Sheet : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes, Maine, New England Division, United States Army Corps Of Engineers

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The purpose of the proposed Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Hydroelectric Project is to convert the natural energy of the upper St. John River in northern Maine for use as a source of electricity to meet future needs of New England consumers.

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Recommendations Of Alternative System Plans And Transmission Corridors For The Dickey/Lincoln School Hydroelectric Project, Vtn Environmental Sciences (Firm), Interior Jan 1976

Recommendations Of Alternative System Plans And Transmission Corridors For The Dickey/Lincoln School Hydroelectric Project, Vtn Environmental Sciences (Firm), Interior

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The regional scope of this study (a three state area of approximately 33,000 square miles) necessitated an initial investigation to determine what data was available. Known and potential sources of data were identified through the use of the Environmental Data Reconnaissance Report* prepared by Comitta Frederick Associates for the United States Depart-ment of the Interior in March 1976. The collected data was then analyzed for its accuracy, reliability, mappability and compatibility with the scope of this study.

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Transmission Planning Summary : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project Transmission Studies, United States Department Of Interior Jan 1976

Transmission Planning Summary : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project Transmission Studies, United States Department Of Interior

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

This report summarizes the results of system planning, environmental, and location studies for transmission facilities associated with the proposed Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project in northern Maine. The studies recommend the construction of two 345-kV transmission circuits from a substation near the project along a route through western Maine into northern New Hampshire and Vermont. The plan will integrate the power produced by the project into the New England Power Pool Transmission System. Five alternate integration plans were identified and studied. Of the five plans, the recommended plan, which calls for the lines to be suspended from a single row of …

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Terrestrial Ecology Of The Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project, Corps Of Engineers, New England Division, Environmental Research & Technology, Inc Jan 1976

Terrestrial Ecology Of The Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project, Corps Of Engineers, New England Division, Environmental Research & Technology, Inc

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

This introduction of the St. John River watershed is situated in a transitional zone between the Boreal Forest Formation and the Eastern Deciduous Forest Formation. Second-growth forests representative of these two ecosystems cover extensive areas of the project site. The boreal forest forms a broad transcontinental belt in northern North America and Eurasia, with southern montane extensions. This northern forest is characterized by evergreen, coniferous trees, predominately spruce-fir The eastern deciduous forest, composed of broad-leaved hardwoods, extends throughout the eastern United States except Florida (Dasmann, 1968; Oosting, 1956).

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[Letter From New England Regional Director To Division Engineer, New England Division, U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers], U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service Jan 1976

[Letter From New England Regional Director To Division Engineer, New England Division, U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers], U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The results of appraisals conducted jointly by this Service, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, and your agency concerning bald eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, and great blue heron.

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Water Resources Development Project, Saint John River Basin : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes, Maine, U.S.A. And Quebec, Canada : Design Memorandum No. 2 : Hydrology And Hydraulic Analysis, Section Iv - Lincoln School Dam-Spillway Design Flood, Department Of The Army, New England Division, Corps Of Engineers Jan 1976

Water Resources Development Project, Saint John River Basin : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes, Maine, U.S.A. And Quebec, Canada : Design Memorandum No. 2 : Hydrology And Hydraulic Analysis, Section Iv - Lincoln School Dam-Spillway Design Flood, Department Of The Army, New England Division, Corps Of Engineers

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The first of four sections comprising Design Memo-randum No. 2. The other sections are: II - Dickey Dam - Spillway Design Flood, III - Lincoln School Dam - Spillway Design Flood and IV - Flood Analysis and Reservoir Regulation. la section I, hydro-logic studies will be confined generally to the drainage area of the Saint John River above the gaging station at Fort Kent, Maine. The purpose of section I is to present the climatological and streamflow data for the Saint John River above Fort Kent in order to establish hydrologic criteria for the design of the Dickey and Lincoln …

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The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow Jan 1976

The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Cichlasoma citrinellum (Gunther), the Midas cichlid, is the most important food fish in the Great Lakes Basin of Nicaragua. It occurs in the majority of the lakes, where it is the most ubiquitous cichlid fish, but it is uncommon in the rivers. The fry are carnivorous while the juveniles and adults are omnivorous, eating mostly Aufwuchs, snails, and fish. The Midas cichlids suffer from a number of diseases in nature and in the laboratory, including lymphocystis and nocardiosis. Potential predators vary from sharks and sawfish in Lake Nicaragua, to just one cichlid relative in one crater lake; in Lake …

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Ontogeny Of Parent-Contacting In Young Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes, George W. Barlow Jan 1976

Ontogeny Of Parent-Contacting In Young Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

There is an extensive literature on cichlid fish behavior, but most of this treats the behavior of adults (see BREDER & ROSEN, I966, for example). Much of this is based on laboratory observations with little corroborative information from field studies. Recently there has been an increasing trend to study the development of behavior, in cichlids as in other animals. In part this results from the 'nature-nurture' controversy regarding factors control~ ling behavior (e.g. KRUIJT, I964). However, there is also interest in the study of young animals for their own sake (e.g. WARD & BARLOW, I967).
The present study was undertaken …

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The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since 1966, an extensive tagging program has demonstrated beyond any further doubt (Thorson, 1971) that the sharks move from the Caribbean Sea to Lake Nicaragua and vice versa. At the time of this writing, of 1450 post-juvenile sharks tagged at the various river mouths on the Caribbean Coast, ten have been recovered in Lake Nicaragua; and of 146 tagged at San Carlos, where the river leaves the lake, 28 have been recovered along the Caribbean Coast, most of them at the various outlets of the Rio San Juan. Except for these basic facts, the results of the tagging program have …

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Rectal Glands Of Marine And Fresh-Water Sharks: Comparative Histology, Mikio Oguri Jan 1976

Rectal Glands Of Marine And Fresh-Water Sharks: Comparative Histology, Mikio Oguri

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The rectal glands of elasmobranchs perform the function of salt-excreting organs. These glands are smaller and show regressive changes in specimens of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, found in fresh-water environment, compared with specimens of this and other species from a marine habitat.

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Dermocystidium-Marinum Infection In Oysters, Frank O. Perkins Jan 1976

Dermocystidium-Marinum Infection In Oysters, Frank O. Perkins

VIMS Articles

A review of knowledge concerning the life cycle, structure, taxonomy, and pathology of Dermocystidium marinum is presented. The pathogen causes mortalities of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.

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Laboratory Apparatus For Providing Diel Temperature Regimes For Aquatic Animals, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, G. Davis Jan 1976

Laboratory Apparatus For Providing Diel Temperature Regimes For Aquatic Animals, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, G. Davis

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

In studies of the effects of elevated temperature on aquatic organisms, little emphasis has been placed on modeling the fluctuating temperatures to which organisms are exposed in nature. To some extent this may be related to problems of design and maintenance of apparatus for fluctuating temperature control. The complexity of apparatus used to provide cycled temperatures has ranged from manually controlled valves for introducing water of different temperatures into aquariums (Kelso 1972), to a complex and expensive feedback system, regulated by rotating cams, that controls the temperature of influent water (Honeywell Cam Programmer Thermometers, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania). To facilitate studies …

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Chemical Analyses Of Some Crater Lakes In Relation To Adjacent Lake Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, Jeffrey R. Baylis, Dale Roberts Jan 1976

Chemical Analyses Of Some Crater Lakes In Relation To Adjacent Lake Nicaragua, George W. Barlow, Jeffrey R. Baylis, Dale Roberts

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

In spite of the wide interest by naturalists in the Great Lakes of Nicaragua their limnology has received little study. Cole (1976) has reviewed the literature and contributed new data and interpretations. Our paper adds to his larger work by presenting chemical analyses of Lake Nicaragua and some of the small crater lakes near it. These smaller lakes have been neglected. The only information published about them is a fragmentary table in Riedel (1964), giving some comparative data on surface area, circumference, and depth.

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The Origin Of The Lakes In The Nicaraguan Fault And Of The Middle American Isthmus In The Light Of Studies Of The Fish Fauna, Dietmar Riedel Jan 1976

The Origin Of The Lakes In The Nicaraguan Fault And Of The Middle American Isthmus In The Light Of Studies Of The Fish Fauna, Dietmar Riedel

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The geological hypothesis of a marine origin of the Nicaraguan depression and its lakes was until the fifties of the present century exclusively based upon the occurrence of marine species (shark, sawfish and tarpon) in Lake Nicaragua. A recent view, however, is that the fault was never connected with the sea and that the lakes were filled by rain only.
In view of the fact that there seems to be no agreement among geologists about the geological history of the Nicaraguan depression, an attempt is made to contribute to the discussion by evaluating the fish faunal elements of the fault. …

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Geographical Distribution Of Central American Freshwater Fishes, Robert Rush Miller Jan 1976

Geographical Distribution Of Central American Freshwater Fishes, Robert Rush Miller

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The distribution of freshwater fishes in Central America is reviewed. Major parts of the region, especially in Honduras and Nicaragua, have yet to be explored ichthyologically, and systematic revision of important groups, notably the cichlids, is long overdue. The continental area from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Colombian border contains approximately 456 species, of which over 75% comprise the Cyprinodontidae, Poeciliidae, Cichlidae, and marine invaders (peripheral fishes); about one-third of the latter (57 species) have taken up more or less permanent residence in fresh water. There are 104 primary species in 10 families, 165 secondary forms in 6 families, …

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Geographic Distribution Of The San Juan Ichthyofauna Of Central America With Remarks On Its Origin And Ecology, William A. Bussing Jan 1976

Geographic Distribution Of The San Juan Ichthyofauna Of Central America With Remarks On Its Origin And Ecology, William A. Bussing

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The scientific study of fishes of the Great Lakes of Nicaragua began in 1864 with the description by Gunther of Heros labiatus (=Cichlasoma labiatum) from Lake Managua. Subsequently, Gunther reported on several other species collected in the Great Lakes by Captain J. M. Dow. Astorqui (1967) reviewed the sparse ichthyological literature dealing with Nicaraguan fishes and pointed out the paucity of recent studies. Since then Villa (1971) has produced a provisional list of the freshwater and brackish water fishes of Nicaragua and Astorqui (1972) has analyzed the ichthyofauna of the Great Lakes Basin. Riedel (1972) discussed the geological …

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