Life Sciences Commons^™

Circulating Metabolic And Reproductive Hormone Changes In Laying Hens Kept Under Various Heat-Combating Systems, Muhammad Safdar Anjum, Mansur Abdullah Sandhu, Zia Ur-Rahman, Anum Safdar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to observe the circulating metabolic, reproductive, and stress hormones in laying hen performance under different heat-combating systems (HCSs). A total of 500 White Leghorn pullets at 24 weeks of age were subjected to four HCSs, i.e. desert cooling (DC), water sprinkling (WS), time limit feeding (TLF), and ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation, at environmental temperatures from 32.30 to 40.80 °C with 76.40% relative humidity. Blood was collected before heat stress, at peak stress, and after heat stress to collect plasma. The results of the 24-week stress period showed significantly less circulating T3, T4, estrogen, …

Occurrence And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Salmonella Enterica Subsp. Enterica Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, And Typhi Isolated From Chicken Eggs And Poultry Products, Serhat Al, Harun Hizlisoy, Nurhan Ertaş Onmaz, Yeli̇z Yildirim, Zafer Gönülalan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to detect the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Typhi in 252 samples including 100 chicken eggs, 60 processed poultry products (20 nuggets, 20 salami samples, 20 sausages), and 92 poultry giblets (50 livers and 42 gizzards). Salmonella spp. and serovars were identified by PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Forty-seven (31%) of 152 poultry products and 5 (5%) of 100 egg samples were positive for Salmonella spp. Salmonella spp. was positive in 3.3%, 5%, 18%, and 27% of chicken nugget, sausage, gizzard, …

Impact Of Short Compensatory Growth Periods On Performance,Carcass Traits, Fat Deposition, And Meat Properties Of Najdi Lambs, Ahmed Sami, Bander Al-Salbood, Mohamed Abouheif

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Forty-eight Najdi male lambs weighing 33.1 ± 0.06 kg and approximately 4.5 months old were divided into three groups (16 lambs in each) to study the impact of compensatory growth on performance, carcass traits, fat deposition, tissue distribution, and lean chemical composition. The control group was fed ad libitum throughout the entire 12 weeks of the trial period. The other two groups were feed-restricted by 20% and 40% of the ad libitum group intake. Lambs in restricted treatments were feed-restricted for 3 weeks followed by 4 weeks of ad libitum feeding (compensatory) and then 2 weeks of feed restriction followed …

Genetic Analysis Of Avian Paramyxovirus Type I Strains Isolatedfrom Backyard Poultry In Iran, Fereshteh Sabouri, Mehdi Vasfi Marandi, Vahid Karimi, Mohammad Malekan, Mohsen Bashashati

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious diseases amongst many species of birds and causes huge economic losses in the poultry sector. Backyard poultry are the main source of food in rural areas of many developing countries and play a crucial role in the epidemiology of ND. The sequence of the F protein cleavage site is the major virulence determinant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The aim of this study was to understand the molecular characterization of F proteins of Iranian backyard poultry in NDVs. The complete open reading frame sequences of the F gene of six isolates …

Molecular Identification Of Bovine Papillomaviruses In Dairy And Beef Cattle: First Description Of Xi- And Epsilonpapillomavirus In Turkey, Veysel Soydal Ataseven, Özgür Kanat, Yaşar Ergün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the current study, 23 papilloma/tumor-like samples obtained from cattle having clinical lesions and 9 blood samples collected from healthy-appearing cattle in Turkey were examined for bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA using the degenerate primers FAP59/64, and the different types of BPV were distinguished by type-specific primer sets. Furthermore, histopathological studies of papillomavirus were performed. A total of 7 BPV types (BPVs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9), including genera Deltapapillomavirus, Xipapillomavirus, and Epsilonpapillomavirus, were identified. In all samples, BPV-1 was the most common genotype (90.6%). Overall, coinfections were determined in 26 of the examined samples (81.3%), and coinfection with …

Selecting Eimeria Tenella-Resistance Markers By Comparing Resistant And Susceptible Groups Of Jinghai Yellow Chickens, Jingjing Zhang, Yuxin Lin, Guojun Dai, Tingting An, Mingming Sun, Genxi Zhang, Kaizhou Xie, Jingyu Wang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Improving the genetic resistance of chickens to parasitic diseases is an alternative way to protect the poultry industry. To establish valid measurable in vivo parameters indicating coccidiosis resistance, 232 Jinghai Yellow chickens were randomly selected and orally infected with Eimeria tenella (1.5 x 104 sporulated oocysts per chicken). The resistant and susceptible chickens were classified based on their cecal lesion scores 8 days after infection. Ten plasma components, including antioxidant enzymes, interleukins (ILs), nitric oxide (NO), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and β-carotene, were compared among the resistant, susceptible, and control chickens (uninfected with E. tenella). The NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), IL17, and …

Occurrence Of Arcobacter In Dogs And Cats In Selangor,Malaysia, And Associated Risk Factors, Dauda Mohammed Goni, Saleha Abdulaziz, Gurmeet Kaur Dhaliwa, Zunita Zakaria, Ibrahim Jalo Muhammad, Mohamed Abdelrahman Mohamed, Abdulrasheed Aliyu Bello, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Arcobacter is widely regarded as an emerging foodborne pathogen because of its increasing occurrence in food production causing gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, it is also reported as a potential zoonosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of Arcobacter in dogs and cats and the associated risk factors. Rectal and buccal cavity swab samples were taken from dogs (n = 40) and cats (n = 40) owned by individuals who brought the animals to a university teaching hospital and stray dogs (n = 61) and cats (n = 46). Suspected colonies of Arcobacter were subjected to …

Bacteria Associated With Clinical Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome In Farmed Sows In The Republic Of Macedonia, Branko Angjelovski, Aleksandar Cvetkovikj, Slavcho Mrenoshki, Miroslav Radeski, Iskra Cvetkovikj, Marija Ratkova, Toni Dovenski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to gather information about the prevalence of bacterial species in farmed sows, with special focus on the clinical manifestation of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS). One hundred and sixteen sows from 5 pig farms in the Republic of Macedonia were clinically examined for PDS 12?24 h after farrowing. Milk samples and vaginal swabs for bacteriological testing were taken from PDS-affected (PDSA, n = 30) and PDS-unaffected (PDSU, n = 86) sows. Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and streptococci were the predominant bacteria isolates. Escherichia coli was the most frequently found isolate, with a prevalence of 73.3% in …

Effect Of Some Essential Oils (Allium Sativum L., Origanum Majorana L.) And Ozonated Olive Oil On The Treatment Of Ear Mites (Otodectes Cynotis) In Cats, Fulya Altinok Yi̇pel, Abuzer Acar, Mustafa Yi̇pel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of certain essential oils and ozonated olive oil on Otodectes cynotis infestations in cats. Twenty-eight cats were included in the study. Infestation was diagnosed through the microscopic examination of ear secretions. Clinical findings were evaluated and scored before and after treatment. Cats were randomly assigned to different treatment groups, which included Group 1 treated with ozonated olive oil, Group 2 treated with garlic oil, Group 3 treated with marjoram oil, and Group 4 treated with permethrin. Each treatment was applied to both ears with approximately 5 drops daily per ear …

Protective Effects Of S-Adenosylmethionine (Same) And Silybin On Hepatorenal And Hemostatic Functions In Dogs With Endotoxemia, Meri̇ç Kocatürk, Oya Eralp İnan, Pinar Levent, Zeki̇ Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

We aimed to investigate the protective effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and silybin treatment on hepatorenal and hemostatic functions in dogs with endotoxemia. Healthy dogs (n = 20) were divided equally into 4 groups as control, SAMe + silybin (SS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS + SS. Controls received 0.9% NaCl intravenously. Animals were treated daily with 20 mg of SAMe and 1 mg of silybin per kilogram of body weight in SS and LPS + SS. LPS was injected (2 μg/kg, once intravenously) to dogs in LPS and LPS + SS. Hemostatic functions were assessed by thromboelastography (TEG). LPS-induced clinical and …

Influence Of Season On Seminal Antioxidant Enzymes In Karan Friesbulls Under Tropical Climatic Conditions, Simson Soren, Sohan Vir Singh, Pawan Singh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Availability of good quality semen is very crucial for sustainable development of the dairy sector throughout the year. Seminal antioxidant status plays an important role for sperm viability, acrosomal integrity, and motility and emerges as a prognostic tool for assisted reproductive technology. The present study was designed to evaluate the seminal antioxidant enzyme concentrations in Karan Fries bulls during different seasons. Five adult healthy Karan Fries (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) bulls were selected from the the Animal Breeding Research Centre of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Weekly ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina …

Effect Of Capacitating Agents On Sperm Pretreatment During In Vitrofertilization For Blastocyst Production In Caprines, Puja Goel, Anil Kumar Goel, Ashok Kumar Bhatiya, Suresh Dinkar Kharche

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study aimed at comparing the relative efficacy of different capacitating agents used for sperm pretreatment during in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequent embryo development of caprine oocytes. In experiment 1, the effect of different concentrations of heparin (0, 20, and 50 μg/mL) on sperm pretreatment for different periods of time (30 and 60 min) was studied. In experiment 2, the dose-dependent effect of calcium ionophore (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 μM) on sperm pretreatment was assessed. Experiment 3 validated and compared the effects of both capacitating agents on sperm pretreatment for capacitation based on the results of the …

Seroprevalence Of Caseous Lymphadenitis In Kangal Akkaraman Sheep, Öznur Aslan, Kadi̇r Semi̇h Gümüşsoy, İlknur Karaca Bekdi̇k, Aytaç Akçay, Ömer Orkun Demi̇ral

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) infection, in Kangal Akkaraman sheep flocks was examined. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 25 different sheep flocks (n = 379). According to the ELISA results, the numbers of CLA-positive and CLA-negative samples were 138 (36.4%) and 241 (63.6%), respectively. CLA positivity was observed in 35.7% of the females (n = 241), 37.7% of the males (n = 138), 40.2% of the sheep with clinical symptoms (n = 184), and 32.8% of the sheep with no clinical symptoms (n = 195) (P > 0.05). …

Assessment Of The Efficacy Of The Hose-Bridge As A Road-Crossing Structure For Dekay's Brownsnake (Storeria Dekayi), Sarah Elizabeth Manka

Masters Theses

Various structures have been integrated into roadways to ensure the road does not impede wildlife movements between adjacent habitats. Where traffic volume is low, the costs of installing and maintaining such structures is typically prohibitive. I tested the efficacy of a hose-bridge deployed temporarily on a State Park road in Illinois that allowed the passage of cars over it and small wildlife species to cross through it. I predicted that, during the 4.5 -week period of peak migratory movement, road-based mortality of Dekay's Brownsnakes (Storeria dekayi) would be less at the site having the hose-bridge, when compared to a similar …

Effects Of Habitat Alteration On Ecomorphology Of Fish Communities In A Restored Stream, Carl Anthony Favata

Masters Theses

Decades of anthropogenic pressure have devastated lotic ecosystems across the riverscapes of North America, resulting in degradation of critical habitat and contributing to sharp declines in biotic integrity. In response, local stream restoration projects have increased in frequency. However, little effort has been allocated to monitoring and project success has been limited. In addition, restoration projects typically focus on ecological effects above the population-level, while relationships with physiological processes are seldom assessed. Lessons from the long-term restoration and ecological monitoring of Kickapoo Creek highlight some of the complex dynamics driving reach-scale restoration projects. Following instream restoration, I predicted that alterations …

Sampling Efficiency, Population Characteristics, And Potential Impacts Of Harvest Regulations On Three Riverine Species Of Catfish, Zachary Adam Mitchell

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Genetic Structure And Diversity Of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) In Three Large Midwestern Rivers, Vaclav Alexei Sotola

Masters Theses

Little information is available regarding the genetic structure and diversity of sportfishes in large rivers, which can be vital to continuing the sustainable exploitation of these fisheries. Additionally, impoundments often have vast impacts on riverine systems. These impacts include altering the flow regime, changing the nutrient load, and preventing migratory fish from reaching their spawning grounds. If fishes are prevented from reaching their spawning grounds, their genetic diversity and structuring could begin to change relative to historic measures, potentially decreasing their fitness and ability to survive. I screened microsatellite loci to assess the genetic population structure and diversity of channel …

Stopover Ecology Of Neotropical Migratory Songbirds In The Northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, Lauren E. Solomon

Masters Theses

Chapter I. Full-service hotels, convenience stores or fire escapes? Evaluating function of stopover sites for Neotropical migrants in the northern Yucatan Peninsula

Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbirds incur the highest mortality rates during their annual migrations. Migratory songbirds use a network of stopover sites to rest, refuel, or seek refuge during times of poor weather conditions; and the time and energy expended at these sites exceeds that of migratory flight. In order to conserve stopover sites with the highest value to Neotropical migrants, a conceptual framework was developed to classify stop over sites into three functional categories based on their function for …

Quantifying Bat Detection Survey Methods And Activity Patterns, Tara C. Hohoff

Masters Theses

Bats have an astonishing diversity and provide vital ecosystem services in an array of different niches. In North America, most species of bats are insectivores and tend to be frequently overlooked for their important ecosystem role providing insect control. As bat populations have declined in recent years, farmers, land managers, conservationists, and bat enthusiasts have wondered what we can do to protect our local bat populations. As a first step, we need to develop methods that more effectively survey for rare species of bats. By performing inefficient surveys, we are doing a disservice to our funding agencies providing misinformation that …

Effect Of Direct-Fed Microbials And Enzyme Supplementation In Prepartum Holstein Cows On Colostrum And Calf Immunity, Erin M. Shangraw

Honors Theses and Capstones

In cows, colostrum is composed of several antibodies and nutrients to provide immunity and energy to the calf. Feeding calves high quality colostrum has been shown to improve calf health, leading to reduced mortality in calves and greater milk production in cows. The addition of direct-fed microbials (DFM) to cow diets has been theorized to improve feed efficiency and milk production, with studies showing mixed results. However, few experiments have studied the effect of feeding DFM on colostrum quality. In this experiment two treatments were given, 1) DFM and 2) DFM and enzymes (DFME). Colostrum was …

Modeling Animal Behavior In A Changing Environment, Shandelle M. Henson, James M. Cushing, James L. Hayward

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Small Mammals Of Southeastern Virginia As Revealed By Pitfall Trapping, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Pitfall trapping is a poor method to catch small mammals but the only way to catch and study the Southeastern Shrew (Sorex longirostris), the primary mammal of interest in the field studies reported here. While learning much about its distribution and abundance, still more was learned about the other small mammals present in forests and fields of eastern Virginia. A total of 15 species was captured at 19 locations during the 1990-2013 period, including five shrews, two moles, and eight rodents, representing all but one of the common small mammals in eastern Virginia.

Dynamic Ocean Management Increases The Efficiency And Efficacy Of Fisheries Management, Daniel C. Dunn, Sara M. Maxwell, Andre M. Boustany, Patrick N. Halpin

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In response to the inherent dynamic nature of the oceans and continuing difficulty in managing ecosystem impacts of fisheries, interest in the concept of dynamic ocean management, or real-time management of ocean resources, has accelerated in the last several years. However, scientists have yet to quantitatively assess the efficiency of dynamic management over static management. Of particular interest is how scale influences effectiveness, both in terms of how it reflects underlying ecological processes and how this relates to potential efficiency gains. Here, we address the empirical evidence gap and further the ecological theory underpinning dynamic management. We illustrate, through the …

Diet And Foraging Behaviors Of Timber Rattlesnakes, Crotalus Horridus, In Eastern Virginia, Scott M. Goetz, Christopher E. Petersen, Robert K. Rose, John D. Kleopfer, Alan H. Savitzky

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

During a 17-yr telemetry study, we examined the diet and ambush behavior of a population of Crotalus horridus in southeastern Virginia. Forty dietary items were identified from 37 fecal samples. We documented 722 instances of snakes in an ambush posture, 61 of which were in a vertical-tree posture, as if hunting arboreal prey at the base of a tree. The most common prey items were Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), which accounted for 45 of all dietary items and represented an estimated 78 of total biomass consumed by C. horridus. Prey was not consumed in proportion to availability, …

Red List Of Marine Bony Fishes Of The Eastern Central Atlantic, Beth Polidoro, Gina Ralph, Kyle Strongin, Michael Harvey, Kent Carpenter, Titus Ayo Adeofe, Rachel Arnold, Paul Bannerman, Jean Noel Bibang Bi Nguema, Jack Buchanan, Khairdine Mohamed Abdallahi Camara, Youssouf Hawa Camara, Kadiatou Cissoko, Bruce B. Collette, Mia T. Comeros-Raynal, Godefroy De Bruyne, Madeleine Diouf, Roger Djiman, Mathieu Ducrocq, Ofer Gon, Antony S. Harold, Heather Harwell, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Andrew Hines, P. Alexander Hulley, Tomio Iwamoto, Steen Knudsen, Jean De Dieu Lewembe, Christi Linardich, Ken Lindeman, Ebou Mass Mbye, Jean Egard Mikolo, Vanda Monteiro, Jean Bernard Mougoussi, Thomas Munroe, Jean Hervé Mve Beh, Francis K.E. Nunoo, Caroline Pollock, Stuart Poss, Richmond Quartey, Barry Russell, Alphonse Sagna, Catherine Sayer, Aboubacar Sidibe, William Smith-Vaniz, Emilie Stump, Mor Sylla, Luis Tito De Morais, Jean-Christophe Vié, Akanbi Williams

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Red List of marine bony fishes of the Eastern Central Atlantic (ECA) is a review of the conservation status of all native marine bony fishes in ECA according to the global Categories and Criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the global level and occur within the ECA region. This comprehensive assessment, which is the first of its kind in the ECA, aims to provide improved knowledge of species presence and extinction risk status for the purposes of guiding conservation actions and improved policies for these species …

A Genetically Distinct Hybrid Zone Occurs For Two Globally Invasive Mosquito Fish Species With Striking Phenotypic Resemblance, Rebecca J. Wilk, Lisa Horth

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Hybrid zones allow for the investigation of incipient speciation and related evolutionary processes of selection, gene flow, and migration. Interspecific dynamics, like competition, can impact the size, shape, and directional movement of species in hybrid zones. Hybrid zones contribute to a paradox for the biological species concept because interbreeding between species occurs while parental forms remain distinct. A long‐standing zone of intergradation or introgression exists for eastern and western mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki and G. affinis) around Mobile Bay, AL. The region has been studied episodically, over decades, making it perfect for addressing temporal dynamics and for providing …

Draft Genome Sequences For Seven Streptococcus Parauberis Isolates From Wild Fish In The Chesapeake Bay, Ashley Haines, Emily Nebergall, Elvira Besong, Kimaya Council, Onaysha Lambert, David Gauthier

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Streptococcus parauberis is a pathogen of cattle and fish, closely related Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus iniae. We report the genomes of seven S. parauberis strains recovered from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay. The availability of these genomes will allow comparative genomic analysis of Chesapeake Bay S. parauberis strains versus S. parauberis cultured from other animal hosts and geographic regions.

Human–Wildlife Conflict And Coexistence, Philip J. Nyhus

Philip J. Nyhus

Responses Of Four Arthropod Prey Species To Mechanosensory, Chemosensory And Visual Cues From An Arachnid Predator: A Comparative Approach, Scott Kight

Scott Kight