Life Sciences Commons^™

Department For Agriculture And Food – Northern Beef Futures: Valuing Security Of Supply, Department Of Agriculture And Food Wa

Animal production published reports

The DAFWA-NBF project is committed to identifying growth and value creation opportunities for the WA Beef industry and have engaged PwC to estimate the value of increased security of supply.

A joint PwC/NBF team have developed a WA beef value chain model to better understand the industry’s potential and establish the potential value associated with changes in the security of supply.

Results indicate that, over a five to twelve year timeframe, the WA Beef industry might have the potential to grow cattle disposals, double revenue to $1.2B and increase profit by $0.5B.

A diversified market which includes Japan and China …

Effects Of Field Pea Usage In Growing And Finishing Diets For Beef Cattle, Hannah L. Greenwell

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The value of field peas (FP) as a feedstuff has not been thoroughly assessed and compared to other feeds, such as corn, to better establish an economic value. Field peas are characterized by a high CP content (23-26%), a large portion (80%) being rumen degradable protein (RDP), and containing almost a third less starch (31-40%) than corn. Three research trials were performed to better understand the value of FP as a grazing supplement, finishing diet component, and any effects on digestion. Experiment 1 assessed the value of FP as a grazing supplement compared to corn. Grazing was followed by a …

Calf And Yearling Prices In California And The Western United States, Tina Saitone, Larry C. Forero, Glenn A. Nader, Leslie A. Forero

Wildland Resources Student Research

This paper investigates spatial, quality and temporal factors impacting the pricing of calves and yearlings in the western United States using data from a satellite video auction and a hedonic regression framework. Results suggest that spatial price discounts received by western ranchers closely match reported shipping costs and, thus, are consistent with free-on-board pricing and competitive procurement. This study also identifies the presence of temporal price premiums, on average, for seller-offered forward contracts at video auctions. With respect to quality attributes, this study provides estimates of the marginal value associated with various quality attributes and management practices, including vaccination protocols, …

Economic Impact Evaluation Of Bovine Johne’S Disease (Bjd) Management Options In Western Australia, Ananda Ghose Dr, Leo Loth Dr, Mia Carbon Dr, Bruce Twentyman Dr

Biosecurity research reports

Bovine Johne’s disease (BJD) is an infectious disease of cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mptb) that can also affect other ruminants such as goats, alpaca, sheep and deer. It causes chronic wasting and incurable diarrhoea leading to deaths in mature cattle. Subclinically affected animals may have reduced growth and milk production levels.

The WA cattle industry needs to determine what level of protection from BJD incursion and spread is required for WA, including at the border, and how this is best achieved. The primary decision to be made is whether BJD is best managed on a statewide basis …

Evaluation Of The Metabolic Response, Blood Chemistry Profile, And Cardiac Morphology Of Beef Heifers Supplemented With Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Followed By An Endocrine Induced Stress Challenge, Joe O. Buntyn

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The objective of this study was to determine the metabolic, stress, hematology, organ weights, histology and cardiac anatomical features of beef heifers supplemented with zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) when exposed to a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (VP) challenge. Crossbred heifers (n = 20; 556 ± 7 kg BW) were randomized into two treatment groups: 1) Control (CON): no ZH, and 2) Zilpaterol (ZIL): supplemented with ZH at 8.33 mg / kg (DM basis). The ZIL group was supplemented ZH for 20 d, with a 3-d withdrawal period. On d 24, heifers received an intravenous bolus of CRH (0.3 µg …

Trophoblast Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression Is Associated With Immune-Mediated Rejection Of Bovine Fetuses Produced By Cloning, Heloisa M. Rutigliano, Aaron J. Thomas, Amanda Wilhelm, Benjamin R. Sessions, Brady A. Hicks, Donald H. Schlafer, Kenneth L. White, Christopher J. Davies

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Trophoblast cells from bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) conceptuses express major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins early in gestation, and this may be one cause of the significant first-trimester embryonic mortality observed in these pregnancies. MHC-I homozygous-compatible (n = 9), homozygous-incompatible (n = 8), and heterozygous-incompatible (n = 5) SCNT pregnancies were established. The control group consisted of eight pregnancies produced by artificial insemination. Uterine and placental samples were collected on Day 35 ± 1 of pregnancy, and expression of MHC-I, leukocyte markers, and cytokines were examined by immunohistochemistry. Trophoblast cells from all SCNT pregnancies expressed MHC-I, while …

Evaluation Of Hematological And Serum Biochemical Profiles Associated With The Supplementation Of Zilpaterol Hydrochloride To Feedlot Heifers, Sara Elizabeth Sieren

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Supplementation of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; Zilmax^®) to cattle has been suggested to have a negative impact on well-being of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical profiles in feedlot heifers supplemented with ZH in a minimal stress environment. Heifers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: Control (CON no ZH), or ZH (supplemented with ZH at 8.33mg/kg of feed on a DM basis). The study was conducted over a period of 25 d (-2 to 23), with three serum collection periods [-2 to 4 d (ZH supplementation began on …

The Effect Of Diet On The Bovine Rumen Microbial Community Structure And Composition And Its Effects On Methane Production In Growing And Finishing Cattle, Allison L. Knoell

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. A natural by-product of ruminant fermentation is the production and eructation of methane. Methane is produced by a small unique group of microorganism’s called methanogens that belong to the domain Archaea. Enteric methane represents 2-12% energy loss in ruminants. It is well established that diet affects the microbial community structure and composition. Fermentative products of the mixed microbial population (bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) become the substrates for methanogens. These substrates influence which microorganisms will thrive. However, the effect of diet on the microbial community while simultaneously calculating …

Comparison Of Wet And Dry Distillers Grains Plus Solubles To Corn As An Energy Source In Forage-Based Diets, Nerissa Ann Ahern, Brandon L. Wingeyer, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson, Andrea K. Watson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Four experiments compared wet or dry distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS or DDGS) to corn as energy sources in forage-based diets. In Exp. 1, 66 individually fed steers (268 kg of initial BW) were fed a 60:40 blend of sorghum silage and alfalfa hay and supplemented at 0, 0.33, 0.67, or 1.0% of BW with either WDGS or DDGS. In Exp. 2, 160 steers (286 kg of initial BW) were fed 25% WDGS or 33.6% dry rolled corn (DRC) in 35% sorghum silage and grass hay diets (DM basis). In Exp. 3, 60 individually fed steers (231 kg of initial …

Effects Of Small Intestinal Starch Digestion And Dietary Lipid On Efficiency Of Nitrogen Use In Cattle, Ethan J. Blom

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of increases in energy available for gain from increased small intestinal starch digestion (SISD) and dietary lipid source and amount on the efficiency of N use in cattle. Five ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated steers were placed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Each received duodenal infusion of 1.5 ± 0.08 kg/d raw cornstarch and either 0, 30.9 ± 0.59, 62.4 ± 1.16, or 120.4 ± 3.39 g/d Glu, or 387.9 ± 17.47 g/d casein. Casein increased (P = 0.05) SISD. Similarly, greater duodenal Glu linearly (P = 0.02) …

Effects Of Growing-Season Prescribed Burning On Vigor Of The Noxious Weed Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) In The Kansas Flint Hills, J. A. Alexander, W. H. Fick, J. Lemmon, C. A. Gurule, G. W. Preedy, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sericea lespedeza (SL) was introduced into the United States from Asia in the late 19th century. Early land managers recognized that SL was adaptable; tolerant of shallow, acidic or low-fertility soils; and resistant to insects and disease. This combination of traits made SL a widely-used plant for reseeding strip-mined lands, highway right-ofways, dams, and waterways in the US for nearly a century.

Regrettably, SL is highly fecund. Individual plants are capable of producing up to 850 lb of seed per acre annually. Vigorous seed production allows SL to rapidly infiltrate native grasslands that are adjacent to reseeding projects; seed can …

Comparison Of Hematological Parameters Of Brucella-Seronegative Naturallyinfected Cattle With Bvdv, Bhv-1, And Bhv-4, Muhammet Eren Aslan, Ahmet Kürşat Azkur, Emel Biyikli, Serkal Gazyağci, İbrahi̇m Sözdutmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Abortion, neonatal deaths, and infertility cause important production losses in the livestock industry. Many viral infections are responsible for changes in hematological values of animals. This study aimed to find whether there is any difference in blood parameters of cattle that are naturally infected with BVDV, BHV-1, and BHV-4 and Brucella-seronegative. For this purpose, 401 whole-blood samples collected from cattle were analyzed by ELISA and PCR/RT-PCR to detect specific antibodies and antigens for BVDV, BHV-1, and BHV-4. Hematological analysis and results were compared between naturally infected BVDV, BHV-1, and BHV-4 groups and a control group. Results showed a statistically significant …

The Effect Of Dgat1 Polymorphism On Milk Production Traits In Dairycows Depending On Environmental Temperature, Jolanta Komisarek, Mateusz Kolenda

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

It has long been known that a hot environment negatively influences milk production in cattle. Although molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon to a great extent remain to be recognized, they include alterations in lipid metabolism. DGAT1 plays a key role in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and polymorphism of this gene has been proven to have a pronounced influence on milk production. The aim of this study was to establish if the effect of DGAT1:p.K232A on milk-related traits is dependent on environmental thermal conditions. The analysis, performed on 468 cows of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed, showed that allele DGAT1:K232 significantly increased …

Cla And Epa Inhibit Lps-Induced Prostaglandin Release From Bovine Endometrial Cells Through An Nf-?B-Dependent Signaling Mechanism, Lokenga Badinga, Mehmet Şükrü Gülay, Alan Ealy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Although their action in antagonizing arachidonic acid metabolism is a key antiinflammatory effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), these molecules have other antiinflammatory effects that might occur upstream of altered eicosanoid production. We examined the effects of two CLA isomers (c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers), n-3 PUFA (EPA and DHA), and ΚNF-ΚB inhibitor (ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2a) by bovine endometrial (BEND) cells. LPS increased PGE2 and PGF2a concentrations in BEND cell-conditioned media in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The c9,t11 CLA isomer and EPA decreased …

Mast Cell Typing In Aortic Onchocerciasis And The Immunohistochemicaldemonstration Of Wolbachia Bacteria, Rahşan Yilmaz, Melek Koçak, Zafer Özyildiz, İsmai̇l Şah Harem

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the presence of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria was determined by immunohistochemical methods in 8 out of 43 paraffin-embedded bovine aortic tissues that were macroscopically and microscopically diagnosed with aortic onchocerciasis in the archive of the Harran University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine's Department of Pathology. By means of the enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods, it was ascertained that the tryptase-containing subtype of mast cells (MCT) was involved in the inflammatory response in the bovine aortae with onchocerciasis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of aortic onchocerciasis lesions caused by Onchocerca armillata in Turkey and …

Mycoplasma Infections In Dairy Cattle Farms In Turkey, Zafer Sayin, Asli Sakmanoğlu, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan, Ali̇ Uslu, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Hadi̇mli̇, Zeki̇ Aras, Özgür Özdemi̇r, Osman Ergani̇ş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mycoplasmas cause the most severe and economically costly diseases of cattle throughout the world. In this study, Mycoplasma species were isolated from calves and cows with suspected mycoplasmosis in Holstein dairy cattle farms within 7 geographical regions of Turkey between May 2010 and December 2015. Mycoplasma infections were positive in 17 (80.9%) of 21 dairy cattle farms and the overall percentage was calculated as 32.1%. The highest isolation rate occurred in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (42.8%), and the lowest was observed in the Mediterranean Region (19.6%). In total, 172 Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from samples. Using PCR analysis, 149 (87.6%) …

Molecular Identification Of Bovine Papillomaviruses In Dairy And Beef Cattle: First Description Of Xi- And Epsilonpapillomavirus In Turkey, Veysel Soydal Ataseven, Özgür Kanat, Yaşar Ergün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the current study, 23 papilloma/tumor-like samples obtained from cattle having clinical lesions and 9 blood samples collected from healthy-appearing cattle in Turkey were examined for bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA using the degenerate primers FAP59/64, and the different types of BPV were distinguished by type-specific primer sets. Furthermore, histopathological studies of papillomavirus were performed. A total of 7 BPV types (BPVs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9), including genera Deltapapillomavirus, Xipapillomavirus, and Epsilonpapillomavirus, were identified. In all samples, BPV-1 was the most common genotype (90.6%). Overall, coinfections were determined in 26 of the examined samples (81.3%), and coinfection with …

The Evaluation Of Eprinomectin (Longrange®) On Long-Term Parasitic Infection In Nursing Calves During Summer Grazing®, Lyndsea D. Seibert

LSU Master's Theses

One of the most significant threats to the well-being and performance of grazing livestock are gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitic infections. Allowing a large GIN burden to manifest can cause a significant cost in terms of productivity in grazing cattle. Beef producers commonly rely greatly on the efficacy of broad-spectrum anthelmintics, to not only kill resident worms but to also prevent the establishment of ingested infective stage larvae (L3) for a period following treatment. Eprinomectin (LONGRANGE®, E-LR) is the first extended-release injectable cattle dewormer that claims to provide cattle producers season-long persistent parasite control for 100 to 150 d in a …

Definition Of Bovine Leukocyte Antigen Diversity And Peptide Binding Profiles For Epitope Discovery, Mital Pandya

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The goal of the work presented herein was to further our understanding of Bovine Leukocyte Antigen (BoLA) class I diversity of Holstein cattle and develop tools to measure class I restricted T cell responses to intracellular pathogens such as foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) following vaccination. BoLA is a highly polymorphic gene region that allows the bovine immune system to differentiate pathogen-infected cells from healthy cells. Immune surveillance by CD8+ T cells plays an important role in clearing viral infections. These CD8+ T cells recognize BoLA class I molecules bearing epitopes (antigenic peptides) of intracellular origin in their peptide …