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Articles 61 - 90 of 445
Full-Text Articles in Securities Law
Standing Under Rule 10b-5 After Blue Chip Stamps, Michigan Law Review
Standing Under Rule 10b-5 After Blue Chip Stamps, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The purpose of this Note is to analyze the opinion in Blue Chip and to ascertain the content of the Birnbaum rule as it exists today. It will first discuss the opinion of the Court in Blue Chip itself and delineate the primary policy considerations upon which the majority focused. It will then apply these policy considerations to the major categories of case law that have arisen subsequent to Birnbaum and analyze the validity of this case law in light of Blue Chip.
Foreign Bribes And The Securities Acts' Disclosure Requirements, Michigan Law Review
Foreign Bribes And The Securities Acts' Disclosure Requirements, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 require most major corporations to disclose to investors all material information concerning company operations. Although they were not intended to regulate the conduct of business, these disclosure obligations can have a deterrent effect upon improper corporate activities. The recent revelation that a significant number of corporations have been making bribes and similar payments abroad has created interest in the feasibility of employing the disclosure requirements to curtail this practice. This Note will show that, despite recent pressures for change, the Securities and Exchange Commission has continued to view …
A Framework For The Allocation Of Prevention Resources With A Specific Application To Insider Trading, Michigan Law Review
A Framework For The Allocation Of Prevention Resources With A Specific Application To Insider Trading, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Note enumerates and analyzes the three principal forces that induce individuals to abide by societal laws. These forces, or elements of effective prevention, are then combined to form a framework of general deterrence that both identifies the areas in which society can introduce resources into the prevention plan and explains in a general manner what the effect of particular expenditures will be. In the final section of the Note, the framework is applied to a specific prohibited activity-insider trading in securities-to exemplify its utility in determining more effective applications of prevention resources.
A Reconsideration Of The Stock Market Exception To The Dissenting Shareholder's Right Of Appraisal, Michigan Law Review
A Reconsideration Of The Stock Market Exception To The Dissenting Shareholder's Right Of Appraisal, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Note engages in such a reassessment. It contends, first, that appraisal has not been an unreasonable burden on corporations and that adjustments in the appraisal procedure can eliminate remaining inequities. Next, it asserts that the stock market exception inadequately protects the dissenting shareholder, since a market might, for a variety of reasons, price a shareholder's stock at less than its intrinsic value. Finally, this Note concludes that an appraisal procedure with modifications, and not the stock market exception, reflects the appropriate balance of corporate and shareholder interests.
Controlling Administrative Sanctions, Fredrich H. Thomforde Jr.
Controlling Administrative Sanctions, Fredrich H. Thomforde Jr.
Michigan Law Review
This Article will consider some of the possibilities for controlling and guiding the SEC's discretion to impose sanctions upon broker-dealers. Although it is limited to an examination of the Commission's practice and a discussion of possibilities for reform, the analysis contains obvious implications for any agency with the power to impose sanctions.
Private Causes Of Action Under Section 206 Of The Investment Advisers Act, Michigan Law Review
Private Causes Of Action Under Section 206 Of The Investment Advisers Act, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Note examines the propriety of implying a cause of action for damages under section 206. Upon concluding that such an implication is appropriate, it then suggests a scope for section 206 actions that implements the Act's underlying purposes.
Competition And Regulation In The Stock Markets, Robert Pozen
Competition And Regulation In The Stock Markets, Robert Pozen
Michigan Law Review
Part I of this article suggests that the courts have not satisfactorily resolved the tension between competition and regulation in the stock markets, and that the proposed legislation would in fact aggravate that tension. Part II uses an economic model of stock transactions to derive an alternative approach for reconciling competitive and regulatory considerations. Part III applies this approach to several key governmental decisions in the transition from fixed commission rates to the central market system.
Limiting The Plaintiff Class: Rule 10b-5 And The Federal Securities Code, Michigan Law Review
Limiting The Plaintiff Class: Rule 10b-5 And The Federal Securities Code, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The Penn Central litigation, involving a large, publicly held corporation, illustrates the need to examine the reach of the federal antifraud provisions. This Note discusses the problem of defining the plaintiff class when the number of past and present shareholders who are potential plaintiffs is very great. Attention will center on the methods courts have used to limit the class of investors compensable under rule 10b-5. Also, the effect that enactment of present drafts of the American Law lnstitute's proposed Federal Securities Code would have on the composition of the plaintiff class in analogous actions will be discussed. Finally, the …
Intrastate Offerings Under Rule 147, J. William Hicks
Intrastate Offerings Under Rule 147, J. William Hicks
Michigan Law Review
In an effort to publicize administrative and judicial interpretations of the exemption, to protect investors, and to provide more certainty in determining the parameters of section 3(a)(ll), the SEC has adopted rule 147. This Article, in three parts, will examine that rule. Part I is devoted to an explanation of the rule; it will indicate how the rule differs from earlier interpretations of section 3(a)(ll) and discuss the problems that the rule leaves unanswered. Part II will consider the interrelationships among the various sections of the rule, as well as interpretative issues that have not yet arisen under section 3(a)(ll). …
Insider Liability For Short-Swing Profits: The Substance And Function Of The Pragmatic Approach, Michigan Law Review
Insider Liability For Short-Swing Profits: The Substance And Function Of The Pragmatic Approach, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Note will discuss the inquiries encompassed by the "possibility of abuse" test. It will also evaluate whether the test is properly employed only in determining that an unorthodox transaction is or is not a "purchase" or "sale" or whether the test could better be used as a threshold inquiry in all cases.
Tender Offers For Corporate Control, Martin Lipton
Tender Offers For Corporate Control, Martin Lipton
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Tender Offers for Corporate Control by Edward Ross Aranow and Herbert A. Einhorn
An Analysis Of Recent Proposals For Reform Of Federal Securities Legislation, William H. Painter
An Analysis Of Recent Proposals For Reform Of Federal Securities Legislation, William H. Painter
Michigan Law Review
Today the securities industry is in the midst of rapid change. Indeed it has been for at least the past decade, but in recent years the pace of change has increased, and its emphasis has shifted. Legislative and administrative reforms that could not have been anticipated a decade ago are likely in the near future, and it is still impossible to predict accurately the shape of the markets of tomorrow or the rules by which they will be governed. It is the purpose of this Article to focus on these recent developments, to summarize and evaluate various proposals for reform, …
Res Judicata In The Derivative Action: Adequacy Of Representation And The Inadequate Plaintiff, Michigan Law Review
Res Judicata In The Derivative Action: Adequacy Of Representation And The Inadequate Plaintiff, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
It is the purpose of this Note to examine the adequacy of representation in a derivative suit and to consider the appropriateness of applying res judicata to foreclose the corporate cause of action. Discussion will focus on the following areas: (1) the problem of the inadequate plaintiff; (2) the efficacy of judicially created devices designed to ensure the adequacy of representation; and, (3) the feasibility of partially exempting the derivative cause of action from the operation of res judicata.
Securities Law--Prospectus Must Reflect Developments Subsequent To Effective Date Of Registration Statement To Meet Requirements Of Section 10(A) Of Securities Act Of 1933--Sec V. Manor Nursing Centers, Inc.*, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Manor Nursing Centers, Inc., made a public offering of 450,000 shares of its common stock at a price of ten dollars per share. Under the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, a registration statement containing a prospectus was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These documents represented that the offering would be on a best efforts, "all-or-nothing" basis-that is, if all the 450,000 shares were not sold by a specified selling deadline, the proceeds of any sales would be returned to subscribers. The prospectus stated that subscribers' funds would be segregated in an escrow account and that arrangements …
Warrants In Bond-Warrant Units: A Survey And Assessment, Henry B. Reiling
Warrants In Bond-Warrant Units: A Survey And Assessment, Henry B. Reiling
Michigan Law Review
This Article surveys the warrant in the context of a bond-warrant unit (the typical medium of issuance), and in four main subdivisions assesses (I) the warrant's role in corporate finance, and several major implications and features of its use today for (II) shareholders of the prospective issuer, (III) warrant holder, and (IV) issuer. The present status of the warrant as a highly significant mode of financing requires that particular attention be given to the justification for the issuance of warrants in the light of earlier authoritative criticism, and to the tax consequences and concepts now attending their use. Fortunately, several …
Duties Of The Independent Director In Open-End Mutual Funds, Michigan Law Review
Duties Of The Independent Director In Open-End Mutual Funds, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Comment will analyze the role of independent directors in open-end mutual funds. It will consider the potential impact of recent decisions and statutory amendments and explore the possibilities of a more significant role for such directors. The discussion will focus on the following aspects of the directors' role: (1) the duty to review contractual arrangements between the fund and the external adviser; (2) the duty to serve as a "watchdog" over fund policy, brokerage allocation on portfolio transactions, and miscellaneous fund operations; and (3) the responsibilities upon the sale or merger of the investment adviser. In order to appreciate …
Baruch: Wall Street: Security Risk, Lewis D. Lowenfels
Baruch: Wall Street: Security Risk, Lewis D. Lowenfels
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Wall Street: Security Risk by Hurd Baruch
Federal Income Taxation--Section 165 (C) Loss Allowed For Securities Loaned To Brokerage Firm That Subsequently Became Insolvent And Sold The Securities To Meet The Claims Of Creditors--Stahl V. United States, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
It is frequently said that there are only two certainties in life: death and taxes. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit recently upheld a district court decision that considerably eased the latter burden for plaintiff-taxpayer in Stahl v. United States. On April 12, 1962, Mrs. Stahl, a widowed musician and music teacher, reached an agreement with Balough & Company (Balough), a Washington securities firm, under which she was to surrender to it control of securities with a market value of approximately $210,000. Balough used the securities to meet the minimum capital requirements for brokerage firms established …
The Public-Interest Proxy Contest: Reflections On Campaign Gm, Donald E. Schwartz
The Public-Interest Proxy Contest: Reflections On Campaign Gm, Donald E. Schwartz
Michigan Law Review
Proxy contests are generally fought for control of a corporation. The rules governing this form of corporate combat seek to provide shareholders with adequate information about the rival forces for control so that they can intelligently choose between them. The information furnished in proxy materials and discussions at annual meetings have traditionally been devoted almost entirely to subjects such as finance, production, acquisitions, and the like.
Securities Regulation--Damages--The Possibility Of Punitive Damages As A Remedy For A Violation Of Rule 10b-5, Michigan Law Review
Securities Regulation--Damages--The Possibility Of Punitive Damages As A Remedy For A Violation Of Rule 10b-5, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Several lower federal courts have recently been faced with this issue and have reached conflicting results in their attempts to resolve it. This Note will examine both the problems of statutory interpretation and the policy considerations that are involved in deciding whether punitive damages should be awarded in civil actions based on violations of rule I0b-5.
Jennings & Marsh, Jr: Securities Regulation: Cases And Materials (2d Ed.), Homer Kripke
Jennings & Marsh, Jr: Securities Regulation: Cases And Materials (2d Ed.), Homer Kripke
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Securities Regulation: Cases and Materials (2d ed.) by Richard W. Jennings and Harold Marsh, Jr.
Manne: Insider Trading And The Stock Market, Harold Marsh Jr.
Manne: Insider Trading And The Stock Market, Harold Marsh Jr.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Insider Trading and the Stock Market by Henry G. Manne
Israels And Guttman: Modern Securities Transfers, Berto Rogers
Israels And Guttman: Modern Securities Transfers, Berto Rogers
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Modern Securities Transfers by Carolos L. Israels and Egon Guttman
Income Tax--Capital Gains Tax--Meaning Of "More Than 80 Percent In Value Of The Outstanding Stock" Under Section 1239, Michigan Law Review
Income Tax--Capital Gains Tax--Meaning Of "More Than 80 Percent In Value Of The Outstanding Stock" Under Section 1239, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The sale of property by a taxpayer to a corporation which he controls has been a frequently attempted method of tax reduction for more than thirty years. Such a transaction has the advantage of maintaining ownership of the property in virtually the same hands, while at the same time resulting in a substantial mitigation of tax liability. For instance, in the post-World War II period, when property values were generally increasing, a taxpayer could sell to his controlled corporation at a gain depreciable property with a basis lowered by adjustments for prior depreciation allowances. The gain was immediately taxable at …
Investment Advice And The Fraud Rules, Robert N. Leavell
Investment Advice And The Fraud Rules, Robert N. Leavell
Michigan Law Review
Every day thousands of Americans are assaulted by mail, telephone, and personal contact with advice on how to invest their money for capital gains, often with dazzling reminders of the opportunity for great profits. If the advice is good, they may indeed one day have their treasure ship which will send their children to college or provide a round-the-world trip after retirement. If the advice is bad, they will of course learn by experience. But many of them will have to apply their lesson to a second inheritance or twenty years' savings. The quality of investment advice is therefore a …
Sec Enforcement Of The Rule I0b-5 Duty To Disclose Material Information-Remedies And The Texas Gulf Sulphur Case, Edmund B. Frost
Sec Enforcement Of The Rule I0b-5 Duty To Disclose Material Information-Remedies And The Texas Gulf Sulphur Case, Edmund B. Frost
Michigan Law Review
On April 16, 1964, the Texas Gulf Sulphur Company announced one of the most significant mineral discoveries of the twentieth century-a major copper and zinc deposit near Timmins, Ontario, found by means of geophysical exploration and exploratory drilling. Unusual market activity prior to this announcement prompted a Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) investigation of insider stock transactions. In April 1965, the SEC brought suit against a group of Texas Gulf insiders, alleging that their purchase of stock on national exchanges before the disclosure of the information concerning the Timmins strike constituted a violation of section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act …
Securities-Stocklist Authorizations-Solicitation Of Stocklist Authorizations Is Within The Proxy Regulations Of The Securities Exchange Act-Studebaker--Corp. V. Gittlin, Michigan Law Review
Securities-Stocklist Authorizations-Solicitation Of Stocklist Authorizations Is Within The Proxy Regulations Of The Securities Exchange Act-Studebaker--Corp. V. Gittlin, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Gittlin, a shareholder of the Studebaker Corporation, planned to solicit proxies for the election of directors in opposition to the existing management. As an initial step in the implementation of this plan, he sought to obtain a stockholder's list and accordingly initiated proceedings in a New York court under section 1315(a) of the New York Business Corporation Law which grants a right of access to a shareholder who has obtained authorizations in writing from the holders of at least five per cent of the outstanding shares of the corporation. In order to meet the five per cent requirement, Gittlin had …
Article Eight: A Premise And Three Problems, Ernest L. Folk Iii
Article Eight: A Premise And Three Problems, Ernest L. Folk Iii
Michigan Law Review
This essay concerns itself with a basic premise and three problems concerning investment securities under Article Eight of the Uniform Commercial Code (Code). Although some amount of relevant exposition is necessary to make the arguments intelligible, general familiarity with the essentials of the Code's treatment of investment securities is assumed.
Mutual Funds-Trusts And Trustees-Capital Gains Distributions From Mutual Funds: Income Or Principal?, Michigan Law Review
Mutual Funds-Trusts And Trustees-Capital Gains Distributions From Mutual Funds: Income Or Principal?, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The growing prevalence of mutual fund shares in the assets of small and medium-sized estates has made the problem of allocating capital gains distributions between income and principal a matter of great concern to the trustees of such estates. A "capital gains" distribution represents a gain resulting from the profitable sale of securities held by the mutual fund. The uncertain state of the law regarding capital gains distributions from mutual funds presents a serious dilemma to the trustee: if he distributes the capital gains to the life beneficiary, the remainderman may claim that such distributions represent a partial liquidation of …
Actions On Commercial Paper: Holder's Procedural Advantages Under Article Three, Stanley V. Kinyon
Actions On Commercial Paper: Holder's Procedural Advantages Under Article Three, Stanley V. Kinyon
Michigan Law Review
The discussion will also be concerned primarily with the usual action "on the instrument": an action by the holder to enforce payment by a person who has signed it as maker, acceptor, certifier, drawer, indorser, or guarantor and has thus become "liable on" it. These instruments, of course, may be involved in other types of actions, such as: an action for conversion of the instrument (section 3-419); an action to recover damages for breach of the warranties of a collector or transferor (sections 3-417 and 4-207); an action to compel indorsement (section 3-201); an action to enjoin payment (section 5-114(2)(b)); …