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Articles 1 - 30 of 71
Full-Text Articles in Religion Law
Defining Religion And Accommodating Religious Exercise, Justin Collings, Anna Bryner
Defining Religion And Accommodating Religious Exercise, Justin Collings, Anna Bryner
Indiana Law Journal
It is a volatile time in the jurisprudence of the First Amendment’s Religion Clauses. In recent terms, the U.S. Supreme Court has revisited many key Church-State and free exercise questions, and the Justices seem poised to revisit several more. Each of these fundamental questions presupposes an antecedent question: what, for constitutional purposes, is religion itself? The Court has never answered this question consistently or systematically. But, at least in the case of constitutionally mandated religious exemptions, a clear pattern emerges over time: the broader the Court’s definition of religion, the weaker its regime of religious exemptions. The reverse has also …
A "Mere Shadow" Of A Conflict: Obscuring The Establishment Clause In Kennedy V. Bremerton, Ann L. Schiavone
A "Mere Shadow" Of A Conflict: Obscuring The Establishment Clause In Kennedy V. Bremerton, Ann L. Schiavone
Law Faculty Publications
In Kennedy v. Bremerton School District, the Roberts Court continued its move to carve out larger spaces for religious practice and expression in public spheres. But in so doing it left lower courts and school districts with many more questions than answers concerning what the Establishment Clause means and what it requires of them.
Analyzing The Fiscal Relationship Between The Church And State, Emily Lethbridge
Analyzing The Fiscal Relationship Between The Church And State, Emily Lethbridge
Senior Honors Theses
The relationship between the government and the church is frequently debated in the United States. One main concern is the legality of the government granting funding to churches, religious schools, and Christian organizations. Religious institutions are separated from the government; thus, they can be tax-exempt and able to discriminate on a religious basis. The Supreme Court has analyzed the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses in several cases to determine when the government may grant funds to religious institutions. In the past decade, administrative code and judicial case law have both expanded religious institutions’ ability to receive governmental funds. Inevitably, controversy …
American Legion V. American Humanist Association, Seth T. Bonilla
American Legion V. American Humanist Association, Seth T. Bonilla
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The separation of church and state is a key element of American democracy, but its interpretation has been challenged as the country grows more diverse. In American Legion v. American Humanist Association, the Supreme Court adopted a new standard to analyze whether a religious symbol on public land maintained by public funding violated the Constitution’s Establishment Clause.
The Religious Roots Of The Progressive Income Tax In America, Joshua Cutler
The Religious Roots Of The Progressive Income Tax In America, Joshua Cutler
Catholic University Law Review
I examine the debate over the first peacetime income tax in the United States in 1894 to investigate the role of religion in enacting the tax and providing moral legitimacy. I find that congressional proponents repeatedly and explicitly argued that a progressive income tax was a biblical tax that best conformed to Judeo-Christian teachings on economics and fundraising. I discuss the history of American religious fundraising practices, including the trend leading up to 1894 that advocated for proportionate giving of income as the best method of giving, as well as the related tithing movement. I document that congressional income tax …
Freedom Of Religion And Freedom From Religion: The European Model, Jhh Weiler
Freedom Of Religion And Freedom From Religion: The European Model, Jhh Weiler
Maine Law Review
What place may religion have in our public space? In our definition of the State? In our educational systems? In defining our public identity? It is, in part, a question of and for democracy: Imagine a State with a majority of practicing Christians among its citizens. May they use the legislative and administrative institutions of the State to make theirs a Christian State? Would that not run up institutions of the State to make theirs a Christian State? Would that not run up against our most cherished constitutional principles of freedom, notable freedom of religion and freedom from religion? The …
Sacred Cows, Holy Wars: Exploring The Limits Of Law In The Regulation Of Raw Milk And Kosher Meat, Kenneth Lasson
Sacred Cows, Holy Wars: Exploring The Limits Of Law In The Regulation Of Raw Milk And Kosher Meat, Kenneth Lasson
All Faculty Scholarship
In a free society law and religion seldom coincide comfortably, tending instead to reflect the inherent tension that often resides between the two. This is nowhere more apparent than in America, where the underlying principle upon which the first freedom enunciated by the Constitution's Bill of Rights is based ‒ the separation of church and state – is conceptually at odds with the pragmatic compromises that may be reached. But our adherence to the primacy of individual rights and civil liberties ‒ that any activity must be permitted if it is not imposed upon others without their consent, and if …
Supreme Court, Kings County, Wilson V. Kilkenny, James Dougherty
Supreme Court, Kings County, Wilson V. Kilkenny, James Dougherty
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Bruce Ledewitz, American Religious Democracy: Coming To Terms With The End Of Secular Politics, Thomas A. Schweitzer
Bruce Ledewitz, American Religious Democracy: Coming To Terms With The End Of Secular Politics, Thomas A. Schweitzer
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Deconstructing The Religious Free Market, Jianlin Chen
Deconstructing The Religious Free Market, Jianlin Chen
Jianlin Chen
Scholars have frequently alluded to the normative value of the religious free market fostered by the twin legal guarantees of the free exercise of religion and the absence of state establishment of religion. But given that the desirable normative interpretations of these two clauses differ widely, the nature of the resulting market is inevitably dependent on one’s choice of these contested interpretations. Similarly, the “entitlement to free religious competition” depends on the definition of “religion.” The present article deconstructs the religious free market into its legal components and discusses critically how the different interpretations and combinations of these legal components …
Twenty-Five Years Of Law And Religion Scholarship: Some Reflections, Marie Failinger
Twenty-Five Years Of Law And Religion Scholarship: Some Reflections, Marie Failinger
Faculty Scholarship
In this address, the author describes some of the significant movements in law and religion scholarship over the past twenty-five years, including the dialogue between traditional church-state and international human rights scholars and outside scholars, including those writing from within American minority faith traditions.
The Curious Case Of Legislative Prayer: Town Of Greece V. Galloway, Ian C. Bartrum
The Curious Case Of Legislative Prayer: Town Of Greece V. Galloway, Ian C. Bartrum
Scholarly Works
This essay explores the Supreme Court's decision to reenter the debate over legislative prayers, and the Solicitor General's curious decision to enter the case in defense of Greece, New York's (somewhat dubious) practice. I suggest that the Court's decision, and the Solicitor's brief, can best be understood as part of larger conflict over Establishment Clause doctrine moving forward.
The Last Days Of Erastianism: Forms In The American Church-State Nexus, Robert E. Rodes
The Last Days Of Erastianism: Forms In The American Church-State Nexus, Robert E. Rodes
Robert Rodes
In the long history of Christendom, an Erastian view of the relation between Church and State has existed in tension with a High Church view. This paper explores the current state of our current shopworn Erastian-like church-state nexus and considers what forces may bring a more relevant and effective institutional High Church witness into being. The fact that the United States has an Erastian-like church-state relation is borne out in a line of cases involving the judicial resolution of intra-church disputes and the effect to be given the mandates of ecclesiastical authority. It is also borne out in legislative and …
Pluralist Establishment: Reflections On The English Experience, Robert E. Rodes
Pluralist Establishment: Reflections On The English Experience, Robert E. Rodes
Robert Rodes
England's historical and current synthesis of Church and State differs greatly from other European and American experiences. It contrasts sharply with the path taken by most states, which chose to cope with religious pluralism by privatizing religion and by trying to base public life on secular views of human nature. This paper reviews the unique inception, and continuance, of the church-state throughout English history. It also reviews the unique manner in which England chose to deal with religious pluralism while maintaining its established church. After reviewing the English experience of establishment of religion, this paper concludes that the total wall …
Madison 1, Bush 0: Survey Testing Mr. Madison's Hypotheses, Daniel Gordon
Madison 1, Bush 0: Survey Testing Mr. Madison's Hypotheses, Daniel Gordon
Touro Law Review
For over fifty years, James Madison warned the American colonies and the new United States of America of the dangers of linking religion with government. Madison fought in his home state of Virginia to separate church and state and continued the fight as a congressman and as president. Between 2001 and 2009, President George W. Bush overtly linked religion with government. President Bush's efforts provide the opportunity to test President Madison's hypothesis that danger arises in American society when religion and government are linked. The Gallup Organization in its public opinion testing provides the means used in this Article to …
Board Of Education Of Kiryas Joel Village School District V. Grunet: The Supreme Court Shall Make No Law Defining An Establishment Of Religion, Joanne Kuhns
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Ideology "All The Way Down"? An Empirical Study Of Establishment Clause Decisions In The Federal Courts, Gregory C. Sisk, Michael Heise
Ideology "All The Way Down"? An Empirical Study Of Establishment Clause Decisions In The Federal Courts, Gregory C. Sisk, Michael Heise
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Faith-Based Initiative Proponents Beware: The Key In Zelman Is Not Just Neutrality, But Private Choice, Aaron Cain
Faith-Based Initiative Proponents Beware: The Key In Zelman Is Not Just Neutrality, But Private Choice, Aaron Cain
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Clergy, Sex And The American Way, Raymond C. O'Brien
Clergy, Sex And The American Way, Raymond C. O'Brien
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Religious Monopolies And The Commodification Of Religion, Shima Baradaran-Robison, Brett G. Scharffs, Elizabeth A. Sewell
Religious Monopolies And The Commodification Of Religion, Shima Baradaran-Robison, Brett G. Scharffs, Elizabeth A. Sewell
Pepperdine Law Review
In recent years, the number of countries in which a dominant church receives state aid and other forms of preferential treatment has increased. Dominant religions and their supporters in the former Soviet bloc and elsewhere often argue that special benefits and protection are warranted based upon the unique history and contribution of the dominant church to the identity, history, and culture of the country, and the interests of the state and its citizens. Because of the distinctive status of religion and its importance to national and cultural identity, special protection, especially against foreign and other outside influence, is deemed necessary. …
Dual Lenses: Using Theology And International Human Rights To Assess China's 2005 Regulations On Religion, Joel A. Nichols
Dual Lenses: Using Theology And International Human Rights To Assess China's 2005 Regulations On Religion, Joel A. Nichols
Pepperdine Law Review
In order for China to move forward in the international community, it needs to continue to improve its standing on human rights issues. Of particular concern to many observers is the relationship between the government and religion. While foreign religious organizations and missionaries are still heavily regulated by a 1994 law, a new law respecting religious citizens and organizations within China went into effect in 2005. This new law is salutary in some respects in that it provides a much fuller delineation of the relationship between government and religion within China, and it appears more solicitous toward religious rights than …
A Multitude Of Sins? Constitutional Standards For Legal Resolution Of Church Property Disputes In A Time Of Escalating Intradenominational Strife, Jeffrey B. Hassler
A Multitude Of Sins? Constitutional Standards For Legal Resolution Of Church Property Disputes In A Time Of Escalating Intradenominational Strife, Jeffrey B. Hassler
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Worshiping Separation: Worship In Limited Public Forums And The Establishment Clause , William A. Glaser
Worshiping Separation: Worship In Limited Public Forums And The Establishment Clause , William A. Glaser
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Review Essay: The Challenges Of Religous Neutrality, Samuel J. Levine
Review Essay: The Challenges Of Religous Neutrality, Samuel J. Levine
Samuel J. Levine
Levine begins this review essay by noting that at the outset of his discussion, Gedicks notes the difficulty one faces in critically engaging Supreme Court decisions in the area of church and state law. Gedicks goes on to premise his analysis on the identification of “competing rhetorical discourses of church-state relations,” through which he attempts to “organize virtually all of religion clause doctrine.” Gedicks applies this phenomenon, which he terms “discourse,” to church and state law. Thus, in The Rhetoric of Church and State: A Critical Analysis of Religion Clause Jurisprudence, Professor Gedicks succeeds in his goal of providing a …
Review Essay: The Challenges Of Religous Neutrality, Samuel J. Levine
Review Essay: The Challenges Of Religous Neutrality, Samuel J. Levine
Samuel J. Levine
Levine begins this review essay by noting that at the outset of his discussion, Gedicks notes the difficulty one faces in critically engaging Supreme Court decisions in the area of church and state law. Gedicks goes on to premise his analysis on the identification of “competing rhetorical discourses of church-state relations,” through which he attempts to “organize virtually all of religion clause doctrine.” Gedicks applies this phenomenon, which he terms “discourse,” to church and state law. Thus, in The Rhetoric of Church and State: A Critical Analysis of Religion Clause Jurisprudence, Professor Gedicks succeeds in his goal of providing a …
Between Liberalism And Theocracy, John D. Inazu
Between Liberalism And Theocracy, John D. Inazu
Faculty Scholarship
Our symposium conveners have focused us on “the relationship between liberalism and Christianity and their influence on American constitutionalism.” My objective is to complicate the relationship and reorient the influence. The focus of my inquiry is the liberty of conscience and its implications for the relationship between church and state. By approaching these issues through the lens of political theology (as distinct from either political or constitutional theory), hope to show that some of the most significant embodiments of conscience in the American colonies can neither be squared with an individualistic liberalism (as some on the left are prone to …
Panel Discussion At "Signs Of The Times: The First Amendment And Religious Symbolism", Carl H. Esbeck
Panel Discussion At "Signs Of The Times: The First Amendment And Religious Symbolism", Carl H. Esbeck
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Neuroscience And The Free Exercise Of Religion, Steven Goldberg
Neuroscience And The Free Exercise Of Religion, Steven Goldberg
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Recent developments in neuroscience that purport to reduce religious experience to specific parts of the brain will not diminish the fundamental cultural or legal standing of religion. William James debunked this possibility in The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) when he noted that “the organic causation of a religious state of mind” no more refutes religion than the argument that scientific theories are so caused refutes science. But there will be incremental legal change in areas like civil commitment where judges must sometimes distinguish between mental disorder and religious belief. The paradox is that the ecstatic religious experience of unorthodox …
Why The Supreme Court Has Fashioned Rules Of Standing Unique To The Establishment Clause, Carl H. Esbeck
Why The Supreme Court Has Fashioned Rules Of Standing Unique To The Establishment Clause, Carl H. Esbeck
Faculty Publications
The U.S. Supreme Court will hear oral argument this fall in Salazar v. Buono, No. 08-472, a matter that involves a Latin cross located in the Mojave National Preserve located in Southeastern California and operated by the National Park Service. First placed there as a memorial to American’s who served in WWI, this Christian symbol is said to violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. Before reaching the merits, however, the Court must first pass on the question of standing to sue. The plaintiff, Frank Buono, is a former employee of the National Park Service and objects to the …
When Accommodations For Religion Violate The Establishment Clause: Regularizing The Supreme Court's Analysis, Carl H. Esbeck
When Accommodations For Religion Violate The Establishment Clause: Regularizing The Supreme Court's Analysis, Carl H. Esbeck
Faculty Publications
This article sets forth five rules with respect to what government may do to accommodate religious practice and five rules with respect to what government may not do. As it turns out the Supreme Court has said that most religious accommodations are left to the broad discretion of legislators and public officials. So long as the object of the accommodation is to protect or expand religious freedom, as distinct from expanding religion, the accommodation will be permitted.