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International Humanitarian Law Commons™
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Articles 31 - 60 of 70
Full-Text Articles in International Humanitarian Law
The Combatant's Stance: Autonomous Weapons On The Battlefield, Jens David Ohlin
The Combatant's Stance: Autonomous Weapons On The Battlefield, Jens David Ohlin
Jens David Ohlin
Do Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) qualify as moral or rational agents? This paper argues that combatants on the battlefield are required by the demands of behavior interpretation to approach a sophisticated AWS with the “Combatant’s Stance” — the ascription of mental states required to understand the system’s strategic behavior on the battlefield. However, the fact that an AWS must be engaged with the combatant’s stance does not entail that other persons are relieved of criminal or moral responsibility for war crimes committed by autonomous weapons. This article argues that military commanders can and should be held responsible for perpetrating war …
The United States And The International Criminal Court: A Complicated, Uneasy, Yet At Times Engaging Relationship, Leila Nadya Sadat, Mark A. Drumbl
The United States And The International Criminal Court: A Complicated, Uneasy, Yet At Times Engaging Relationship, Leila Nadya Sadat, Mark A. Drumbl
Mark A. Drumbl
The United States is not a party to the International Criminal Court and this Article demonstrates that it has a complicated relationship to questions of complementarity in the Rome Statute. Federal and (to a small degree) state criminal law in the United States codifies some of the crimes that, conceptually, relate to conduct proscribed in the Rome Statute, but coverage is incomplete and jurisdiction may often be lacking. Thus, the United States is able to prosecute a limited number of ICC crimes in federal courts as such, particularly genocide, torture, and some war crimes including the recruitment or use of …
Proposals To Expel Palestinians From The Occupied Territories As Catalyst For A Civil Adjudication Campaign, Catherine A. Rogers
Proposals To Expel Palestinians From The Occupied Territories As Catalyst For A Civil Adjudication Campaign, Catherine A. Rogers
Catherine Rogers
I begin in Part II with a brief sketch of the history of stated policies to expel Palestinians from what is now Israel and the Occupied Territories, and then examine recent proposals that have been made and actions that have been taken to implement modern re-articulations of those historic policies. In Part III, I then review the grounds on which international law proscribes mass expulsions of indigenous and occupied peoples. While international law governing this issue is clear in its application and has been overwhelmingly endorsed by the larger international community, international law seems to have little influence on Israel's …
Amicus Curiae By The John Marshall Law School International Human Rights Clinic In Support Of Plaintiff-Appellant, Jawad V. Gates, No. 15-5250 (U.S. Court Of Appeals, District Of Columbia Circuit 2015), Steven D. Schwinn, Sarah Dávila-Ruhaak
Amicus Curiae By The John Marshall Law School International Human Rights Clinic In Support Of Plaintiff-Appellant, Jawad V. Gates, No. 15-5250 (U.S. Court Of Appeals, District Of Columbia Circuit 2015), Steven D. Schwinn, Sarah Dávila-Ruhaak
Steven D. Schwinn
No abstract provided.
The Complexity Of International Criminal Trials Is Necessary, 48 Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev. 151 (2015), Stuart Ford
The Complexity Of International Criminal Trials Is Necessary, 48 Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev. 151 (2015), Stuart Ford
Stuart Ford
There is a widespread belief among both academics and policymakers that international criminal trials are too complex. As a result, tribunals have come under enormous pressure to reduce the complexity of their trials. However, changes to trial procedure have not meaningfully affected trial complexity. This Article explains why these changes have failed and argues that the complexity of international criminal trials is necessary for them to achieve their purposes. Using a multiple regression model of the factors driving trial complexity at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), this Article shows that the largest drivers of complexity are …
Interpreting Intervention, Craig Scott
Interpreting Intervention, Craig Scott
Craig M. Scott
The present article, written in May 2001, discusses the significance for the doctrine of humanitarian intervention of the normative signaling practices that transpired throughout the 1990s with respect to the use of military force outside of explicit authorization by UN Security Council resolutions. The first part of the article analyses the sociological and legal-theoretical dimensions of the relationship between interpretation of Security Council resolutions and the interpretive evolution of the UN Charter. Iraq and Kosovo then provide the focus for contextualizing the analysis. The article ends with an account of the interplay of the powers of the General Assembly and …
The Constitution And Informational Privacy, Or How So-Called Conservatives Countenance Governmental Intrustion Into A Person's Private Affairs, 18 J. Marshall L. Rev. 871 (1985), Michael P. Seng
Michael P. Seng
No abstract provided.
Currency Of Love: Customary International Law And The Battle For Same-Sex Marriage In The United States, 14 U. Pa. J.L. & Soc. Change 53 (2011), Sonia Bychkov Green
Currency Of Love: Customary International Law And The Battle For Same-Sex Marriage In The United States, 14 U. Pa. J.L. & Soc. Change 53 (2011), Sonia Bychkov Green
Sonia Bychkov Green
No abstract provided.
Language Of Lullabies: The Russification And De-Russification Of The Baltic States, 19 Mich. J. Int'l L. 219 (1997), Sonia Bychkov Green
Language Of Lullabies: The Russification And De-Russification Of The Baltic States, 19 Mich. J. Int'l L. 219 (1997), Sonia Bychkov Green
Sonia Bychkov Green
No abstract provided.
Access To Medicines, Brics Alliances, And Collective Action, Peter K. Yu
Access To Medicines, Brics Alliances, And Collective Action, Peter K. Yu
Peter K. Yu
Most discussions on the public health implications of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights focus on the right of less developed countries to issue compulsory licenses and the need for these countries to exploit flexibilities within the TRIPs Agreement. However, there are other means by which countries can enhance access to essential medicines. To provide an illustration of these other means, this article explores the possibility for greater collaboration among the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and between these countries and other less developed countries.
This article begins by offering a brief …
Using International Human Rights Law To Advance Queer Rights: A Case Study For The American Declaration Of The Rights And Duties Of Man, 55 Ohio St. L.J. 649 (1994), Mark E. Wojcik
Mark E. Wojcik
In addition to violating various provisions of federal and state constitutions, anti-gay ballot initiatives may violate international human rights norms. I see three reasons to invoke international human rights to challenge these initiatives. First, international human rights norms place the struggle for gay and lesbian rights in its proper context as a struggle for human rights. Second, some of the international human rights instruments provide both a source of legal obligation and an additional forum to challenge anti-gay ballot initiatives. Third and finally, if lesbian and gay activists in the United States establish that documents such as the American Declaration …
Consular Notification For Dual Nationals, 38 S. Ill. U. L.J. 73 (2013), Mark E. Wojcik
Consular Notification For Dual Nationals, 38 S. Ill. U. L.J. 73 (2013), Mark E. Wojcik
Mark E. Wojcik
In a case against the United States brought before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), Mexico sought to protect the rights of fifty-four Mexican nationals who had been arrested in the United States for various crimes and put on trial without being informed of their rights under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR). These fifty-four Mexican nationals all faced the death penalty in various states of the United States. Shortly after filing its case in Avena and Other Mexican Nationals, however, Mexico dropped from the case one Mexican national who was also a citizen of the United States. The …
Cholera As A Grave Violation Of The Right To Water In Haiti (2014), Sarah Dávila-Ruhaak, Steven D. Schwinn, Beatrice Lindstrom
Cholera As A Grave Violation Of The Right To Water In Haiti (2014), Sarah Dávila-Ruhaak, Steven D. Schwinn, Beatrice Lindstrom
Steven D. Schwinn
This report is submitted to the United Nation’s Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation concerning the United Nation’s responsibility in spreading cholera in Haiti as a violation of the right to water and sanitation. The submission discusses violations of the right to water, including the role of United Nations peacekeepers in introducing the virus to Haiti following the 2010 earthquake. The report addresses the United Nations’ unwillingness to accept responsibility for its role in the outbreak and its failure to establish redress mechanisms for victims affected by the cholera epidemic. It further discusses the …
Amicus Curiae In Support Of The Petitioners, Santa Barbara Campesino Community V. Perú, Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, No. 10.932 (2015), Sarah Dávila-Ruhaak, Steven D. Schwinn
Amicus Curiae In Support Of The Petitioners, Santa Barbara Campesino Community V. Perú, Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, No. 10.932 (2015), Sarah Dávila-Ruhaak, Steven D. Schwinn
Steven D. Schwinn
No abstract provided.
Does The Establishment Clause Matter? Non-Establishment Principles In The United States And Canada, 4 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 451 (2002), Donald L. Beschle
Does The Establishment Clause Matter? Non-Establishment Principles In The United States And Canada, 4 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 451 (2002), Donald L. Beschle
Donald L. Beschle
No abstract provided.
In A Conflict Between Equal Rights For Women And Customary Law, The Botswana Court Of Appeal Chooses Equality, 24 U. Tol. L. Rev. 563 (1993), Michael P. Seng
In A Conflict Between Equal Rights For Women And Customary Law, The Botswana Court Of Appeal Chooses Equality, 24 U. Tol. L. Rev. 563 (1993), Michael P. Seng
Michael P. Seng
No abstract provided.
Foreword - A Decent Respect To The Opinions Of Mankind, 25 J. Marshall L. Rev. 207 (1992), Michael P. Seng
Foreword - A Decent Respect To The Opinions Of Mankind, 25 J. Marshall L. Rev. 207 (1992), Michael P. Seng
Michael P. Seng
No abstract provided.
Ditching "The Disposal Plan": Revisiting Miranda In An Age Of Terror, 20 St. Thomas L. Rev. 155 (2008), Kim D. Chanbonpin
Ditching "The Disposal Plan": Revisiting Miranda In An Age Of Terror, 20 St. Thomas L. Rev. 155 (2008), Kim D. Chanbonpin
Kim D. Chanbonpin
No abstract provided.
Ending Bacha Bazi: Boy Sex Slavery And The Responsibility To Protect Doctrine, 25 Ind. Int'l. & Comp. L. Rev. 63 (2015), Samuel Vincent Jones
Ending Bacha Bazi: Boy Sex Slavery And The Responsibility To Protect Doctrine, 25 Ind. Int'l. & Comp. L. Rev. 63 (2015), Samuel Vincent Jones
Samuel V. Jones
This essay challenges the conventional wisdom that prohibitions against government-condoned child-sex slavery have attained non- derogable, peremptory status under international law. Much to the utter shock of field investigators and human rights experts, boy sex slavery has evolved into a constitutive and central feature of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Afghanistan) because of a customary practice commonly referred to as bacha bazi.
Darfur, The Authority Of Law, And Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention, 39 U. Tol. L. Rev. 97 (2007), Samuel Vincent Jones
Darfur, The Authority Of Law, And Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention, 39 U. Tol. L. Rev. 97 (2007), Samuel Vincent Jones
Samuel V. Jones
No abstract provided.
The Ethics Of Letting Civilians Die In Afghanistan: The False Dichotomy Between Hobbesian And Kantian Rescue Paradigms, 59 Depaul L. Rev. 899 (2010), Samuel Vincent Jones
The Ethics Of Letting Civilians Die In Afghanistan: The False Dichotomy Between Hobbesian And Kantian Rescue Paradigms, 59 Depaul L. Rev. 899 (2010), Samuel Vincent Jones
Samuel V. Jones
No abstract provided.
Complexity And Efficiency At International Criminal Courts, 29 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 1 (2014), Stuart K. Ford
Complexity And Efficiency At International Criminal Courts, 29 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 1 (2014), Stuart K. Ford
Stuart Ford
One of the most persistent criticisms of international criminal tribunals has been that they cost too much and take too long. In response, this Article presents a new approach that utilizes two concepts: complexity and efficiency. The first half of this Article proposes a method for measuring the complexity of criminal trials and then uses that method to measure the complexity of the trials conducted at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The results are striking. Even the least complex ICTY trial is more complex than the average criminal trial in the United States, and the most …
How Leadership In International Criminal Law Is Shifting From The United States To Europe And Asia: An Analysis Of Spending On And Contributions To International Criminal Courts, 55 St. Louis U. L.J. 953 (2011), Stuart K. Ford
Stuart Ford
No abstract provided.
Is The Failure To Respond Appropriately To A Natural Disaster A Crime Against Humanity - The Responsibility To Protect And Individual Criminal Responsibility In The Aftermath Of Cyclone Nargis, 38 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 227 (2010), Stuart K. Ford
Stuart Ford
On May 2 and 3, 2008, Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar, devastating large portions of the Irrawaddy Delta and creating the potential for a massive humanitarian crisis. Yet, the Myanmar government rejected aid from some countries, limited the amount of aid entering the country to a fraction of what was needed, and strictly controlled how that aid was distributed The United Nations and many governments criticized Myanmar's response to the Cyclone as inadequate and inhumane, and senior politicians from a number of countries discussed whether the situation justified invoking the "responsibility to protect" doctrine This article explores several questions, including: (1) …
Fairness And Politics At The Icty: Evidence From The Indictments, 39 N.C. J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 45 (2013), Stuart K. Ford
Fairness And Politics At The Icty: Evidence From The Indictments, 39 N.C. J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 45 (2013), Stuart K. Ford
Stuart Ford
No abstract provided.
A Social Psychology Model Of The Perceived Legitimacy Of International Criminal Courts: Implications For The Success Of Transitional Justice Mechanisms, 45 Vand. J. Transnat'l L. 405 (2012), Stuart K. Ford
Stuart Ford
There is a large body of literature arguing that positive perceived legitimacy is a critical factor in the success of international criminal courts, and that courts can be engineered in such a way that they will be positively perceived by adjusting factors such as their institutional structure and outreach efforts. But in many situations the perceived legitimacy of international criminal courts has almost nothing to do with these factors. This Article takes the latest research in social psychology and applies it to survey data about perceptions of international criminal courts in order to understand how affected populations form attitudes about …
Does Propaganda Incite Violence?, Richard Wilson, Christine Lillie
Does Propaganda Incite Violence?, Richard Wilson, Christine Lillie
Richard Ashby Wilson
In America and abroad there is a renewed impetus to prosecute propagandists who incite others to commit acts of war, terrorism and genocide. While we may feel intuitively that the inciters should bear criminal responsibility, thus far the science supporting the position that extreme speech directly influences attitudes and behavior has been quite inconclusive. Therefore we set out to test the concrete effects of propaganda for war, drawing on the actual speeches of Vojislav Seselj, a Serb political leader presently awaiting judgment in The Hague for instigating murder, torture and deportation of Croat civilians in the early 1990s. We divided …
An Essay On Christian Constitutionalism: Building In The Divine Style, For The Common Good(S), Patrick Mckinley Brennan
An Essay On Christian Constitutionalism: Building In The Divine Style, For The Common Good(S), Patrick Mckinley Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
Theocracy is a matter of growing global concern and therefore of renewed academic interest. This paper answers the following question: "What would a Christian constitution, in a predominantly Christian nation, look like?" The paper was prepared for presentation as the Clark Lecture at Rutgers School of Law (Camden), where papers answering the same question with respect to Jewish and Islamic constitutions and cultures, respectively, were also presented. A Christian constitution would not have as its aim the comparatively anodyne -- and ultimately futile -- business of introducing more "Judeo-Christian values" into the life of the typical nation state. The paper …
After Amnesties Are Gone: Latin American National Courts And The New Contours Of The Fight Against Impunity, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
After Amnesties Are Gone: Latin American National Courts And The New Contours Of The Fight Against Impunity, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Latin America is the one region that, in the wake of massive and systematic violations of human rights, has made inroads into trying these crimes in national courts. After decades in which cases were dismissed on grounds of amnesty, statutes of limitations, or other impediments to trial, these barriers have, in a majority of countries, fallen. This turnaround—while fragile and incomplete—is remarkable. It provides important, and inspirational, lessons for lawyers, judges and advocates in other regions, and for international justice efforts. Cases involving international crimes in the courts of Latin American countries have gone through distinct phases. In the first, …
Researching Law's Special Issue On "We Want What's Ours", Bernadette Atuahene
Researching Law's Special Issue On "We Want What's Ours", Bernadette Atuahene
Bernadette Atuahene
Researching Law is a socio-legal magazine published by the American Bar Foundation.