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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Bazaar Transnational Drafting: An Analysis Of The Gnu Public License Version 3 Revision Process, Christopher M. Dileo
Bazaar Transnational Drafting: An Analysis Of The Gnu Public License Version 3 Revision Process, Christopher M. Dileo
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article will step through the drafting process and compare bazaar and cathedral modes of drafting to determine if a bazaar mode can efficiently produce a legal instrument that crosses legal regimes. As the title suggests, the bazaar process analysis case will be the GNU General Public License version 3 (the GPLv3) Revision Process. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the bazaar mode of drafting to the cathedral mode of drafting will hopefully demonstrate the overall value of a transnational bazaar process like the GPLv3 Revision Process.
Update On Antitrust And Pay-For-Delay: Evaluating “No Authorized Generic” And “Exclusive License” Provisions In Hatch-Waxman Settlements, Saami Zain
San Diego Law Review
In Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, the United States Supreme Court held that a patent litigation settlement where a branded drug company pays a generic drug company to end the litigation and delay launching its generic may violate the antitrust laws. Although the decision ended years of controversy over whether such settlements were subject to antitrust scrutiny, many issues remain unresolved concerning the lawfulness of these settlements. In particular, courts have struggled in assessing the legality of patent settlements between branded and generic drug manufacturers involving non-cash compensation or benefits. This article discusses one type of non-cash compensation that is …
Looking For Venue In The Patently Right Places: A Parallel Study Of The Venue Act And Venue In Anda Litigation, Mengke Xing
Looking For Venue In The Patently Right Places: A Parallel Study Of The Venue Act And Venue In Anda Litigation, Mengke Xing
San Diego Law Review
Like any other type of litigation, venue is often an important strategic decision for patent infringement litigants. Under the traditional nation-wide venue rule, a patent owner was able to sue a corporate defendant almost in every district in the country, giving rise to abusive forum shopping and the popularity of the Eastern District of Texas. Last year, the Supreme Court in TC Heartland dramatically changed the legal framework of venue in patent litigation, while leaving some issues unaddressed. After a discussion of the evolvement of venue laws and the significance of TC Heartland, this Comment focuses on the Venue Equity …
Fashion Law: More Than Wigs, Gowns, And Intellectual Property, Mark K. Brewer
Fashion Law: More Than Wigs, Gowns, And Intellectual Property, Mark K. Brewer
San Diego Law Review
[T]his article frames the emerging field of fashion law and synthesizes its substance from an international perspective in order to raise the profile of fundamental areas in which the law and fashion intersect as well as identify key areas for future research. Part II examines the background on fashion law, initially focusing on its origins and then examining IP, traditionally the main area of the field. Additionally, the Article defines, frames, and justifies the emerging field of fashion law. Because an exhaustive analysis of the emerging trends in fashion law is beyond the scope of this Article, Part III only …
The Rule Of Reason And The Scope Of The Patent, Herbert Hovenkamp
The Rule Of Reason And The Scope Of The Patent, Herbert Hovenkamp
San Diego Law Review
For a century-and-a-half, the Supreme Court has described perceived abuses of patents as conduct that reaches "beyond the scope of the patent." That phrase, which evokes an image of boundary lines in real property, was applied to both government and private activity and came to have many different meanings. Sometimes it was used offensively to conclude that certain patent uses were unlawful because they extended beyond the scope of the patent. Later it came to be used defensively as well, to characterize activities as lawful if they did not extend beyond the patent's scope. In the first half of the …
Do Economic Downturns Dampen Patent Litigation?, Alan C. Marco, Shawn P. Miller, Ted M. Sichelman
Do Economic Downturns Dampen Patent Litigation?, Alan C. Marco, Shawn P. Miller, Ted M. Sichelman
Faculty Scholarship
Recent studies estimate that the economic impact of U.S. patent litigation may be as large as $80 billion per year and that the overall rate of U.S. patent litigation has been growing rapidly over the past twenty years. And yet, the relationship of the macroeconomy to patent litigation rates has never been studied in any rigorous fashion. This lacuna is notable given that there are two opposing theories among lawyers regarding the effect of economic downturns on patent litigation. One camp argues for a substitution theory, holding that patent litigation should increase in a downturn because potential plaintiffs have a …
A Generation Of Patent Litigation, Michael Risch
A Generation Of Patent Litigation, Michael Risch
San Diego Law Review
This Article builds on the very best parts of current cross-sectional work by adding a longitudinal component that finds every case that asserted a set of patents and then separately tracing the outcome of every patent asserted in each of those cases. Part II discusses the debate about patent troll litigation. It focuses on how other studies have measured patent quality through patent litigation data. Part III discusses this study’s methodology: the collection of data about highly litigious NPEs and a control group of randomly selected nonNPEs. It describes how the cases were selected and the data collected in different …
Drugged Out: How Cognitive Bias Hurts Drug Innovation, Cynthia M. Ho
Drugged Out: How Cognitive Bias Hurts Drug Innovation, Cynthia M. Ho
San Diego Law Review
This Article hopes to provide a balanced picture of how current patent law and policy promotes mostly modest, yet high priced new drugs, as well as how cognitive biases have perpetuated this situation. This Article highlights the important interplay of cognitive biases not only by the frequently maligned industry but also previously presumed neutral parties, such as academics and policymakers. Most scholars would likely agree that considering how to optimize or at least not distort innovation is an important part of legal scholarship. However, to date, there has been little recognition, let alone robust discussion, of how patent and related …
Will The “Nexus” Requirement Of Apple V. Samsung Preclude Injunctive Relief In The Majority Of Patent Cases?: Echoes Of The Entire Market Value Rule, Daniel Harris Brean
Will The “Nexus” Requirement Of Apple V. Samsung Preclude Injunctive Relief In The Majority Of Patent Cases?: Echoes Of The Entire Market Value Rule, Daniel Harris Brean
San Diego Law Review
In eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., the Supreme Court put an end to the practice of presuming that injunctive relief is appropriate upon a finding of patent infringement, where it held that “the decision whether to grant or deny injunctive relief rests within the equitable discretion of the district courts, and that such discretion must be exercised consistent with traditional principles of equity, in patent disputes no less than in other cases governed by such standards.” 547 U.S. 388, 394 (2006). This decision made injunctive relief much more difficult to obtain but also attempted to maintain discretion and avoid rigid …
Toward A Lockean Moral Justification Of Legal Protection Of Intellectual Property, Kenneth Einar Himma
Toward A Lockean Moral Justification Of Legal Protection Of Intellectual Property, Kenneth Einar Himma
San Diego Law Review
This Article attempts to provide the beginnings of a viable moral justification for recognizing and providing legal protection of intellectual property. The argument follows a line of arguments that is fairly characterized as “inspired” by John Locke’s attempt to justify legal protection of what he took to be a natural, objective, moral right to material property. That is to say, it is Lockean in spirit in the following sense: Locke grounds his argument for original acquisition in the idea that a person is justified in acquiring something from the commons in virtue of an investment he makes of something that …
The Relationship Between Foundations And Principles In Ip Law, Robert P. Merges
The Relationship Between Foundations And Principles In Ip Law, Robert P. Merges
San Diego Law Review
In my book Justifying Intellectual Property (JIP), I wrote about what I call the “foundations” of the field of intellectual property (IP) law. I tried to distinguish between a foundational level of discourse and another level, the level of basic principles. In the San Diego conference at which my book was discussed—and in several other settings as well—the most frequent and persistent line of questioning about my book centered on the relationship between these two levels. That is what this brief Article is about.
A Lockean Theory Of Intellectual Property Revisited, Adam D. Moore
A Lockean Theory Of Intellectual Property Revisited, Adam D. Moore
San Diego Law Review
The primary, and perhaps sole, function of government according to Locke was to secure and protect the lives, liberties, and property of individuals who consented, explicitly or tacitly, to a specific political union. The question that I will address in this Article, and one that I took up over fifteen years ago, is: should we consider intellectual works to be the proper subjects of Lockean property claims? My answer then and now is “yes,” with the acknowledgement that such a view may require substantial revisions to Anglo-American systems of intellectual property. I will argue that intellectual property rights are no …
Managing The Intellectual Property Sprawl, Shubha Ghosh
Managing The Intellectual Property Sprawl, Shubha Ghosh
San Diego Law Review
Professor Merges, despite the centrality of creative persons to his argument, organizes a set of ideas that are conducive to refocusing intellectual property law on users. I present this user-focused argument in this Article through the following five Parts. Part II explains my suggested approach to questions about the design of intellectual property law—an approach based on the new institutional economics and the work of Ronald Coase. Part II also addresses objections to this approach. Part III identifies the user in Professor Merges’s high-level principles grounded in Locke, Kant, and Rawls. Part IV follows this argument with a closer examination …
Patents As Promoters Of Competition: The Guild Origins Of Patent Law In The Venetian Republic, Ted Sichelman, Sean O'Connor
Patents As Promoters Of Competition: The Guild Origins Of Patent Law In The Venetian Republic, Ted Sichelman, Sean O'Connor
San Diego Law Review
[T]his Article describes the artisan and merchant guild systems of the Venetian Republic. Part III explores the emergence of the patent system as a means for foreigners and Venetian citizens to compete with the guilds, as well as the eventual addition of negative exclusive rights to the basic license form of positive patent privileges. In so doing, contrary to the speculation of some scholars, we reject with near certainty the contention that the first patent law statute granting exclusionary rights for—in modern parlance—technological inventions was a silk-specific directive enacted by the Venetian Grand Council in the late fourteenth or early …
On Cowbells In Rock Anthems (And Property In Ip): A Review Of Justifying Intellectual Property, Eric R. Claeys
On Cowbells In Rock Anthems (And Property In Ip): A Review Of Justifying Intellectual Property, Eric R. Claeys
San Diego Law Review
I am going to start this Article with two confessions. First, when I was fourteen, my favorite rock song was (Don’t Fear) The Reaper, by Blue Oyster Cult. Second, one of my favorite Saturday Night Live (SNL) sketches is from the 2000 season, “Behind the Music: Blue Oyster Cult.” The sketch is a tribute in memory of Gene Frenkle, the member of Blue Oyster Cult who played the cowbell on (Don’t Fear) The Reaper. The SNL sketch purports to explain how the cowbell made it onto the studio recording. In the sketch, members of the regular SNL cast pretend to …
Access And The Public Domain, Randal C. Picker
Access And The Public Domain, Randal C. Picker
San Diego Law Review
[T]his Article sketches out the emerging public domain. Part III considers three conceptual questions for structuring use of the public domain, focusing on the extent to which the public domain should be viral; on whether we should insist that the public domain be accessed only through the original artifacts embodying it; and on whether private appropriability incentives for distribution of public domain scans match overall social interests. Part IV turns to the tools for restricting use of the public domain, to copyright, contract, the DMCA, and the CFAA. Each of these matters for access to the public domain and for …
Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Expression, And The Siren’S Call Of Property, Justin Hughes
Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Expression, And The Siren’S Call Of Property, Justin Hughes
San Diego Law Review
Discussions on international legal norms for the protection of TK/TCE have, in their contemporary form, been ongoing since the late 1990s. In that time, our understanding of key issues for a workable system—subject matter, beneficiaries, rights, or protections—have advanced little, if at all. Indeed, as Michael Brown has observed, “vexing questions of origins and boundaries . . . are commonly swept under the rug in public discussions.” Yet even if all those questions were settled, we also need a clear justification or justifications for a new form of intellectual property on the world stage.
Intellectual Property, Copyright, And Piracy: A Cultural View, Steven W. Staninger
Intellectual Property, Copyright, And Piracy: A Cultural View, Steven W. Staninger
Copley Library: Faculty Scholarship
Religion plays a major role in determining culture, and has an important effect on how laws are both written and enforced. The concept of intellectual property varies in different cultural traditions, and the dominant religion of a culture plays a major role in the how copyright is viewed and if it is respected or enforced. This paper briefly evaluates the cultures of three major religious and intellectual traditions to determine what, if any, effect their beliefs and values have on the respect for and enforcement of laws defending intellectual property and copyright.
Commercial High Technology Innovations Face Uncertain Future Amid Emerging "Brics" Compulsory Licensing And It Interoperability Frameworks, Lawrence A. Kogan
Commercial High Technology Innovations Face Uncertain Future Amid Emerging "Brics" Compulsory Licensing And It Interoperability Frameworks, Lawrence A. Kogan
San Diego International Law Journal
The pathways that lead to the success of cutting-edge technologies are often fraught with risk, difficulty, and uncertainty. These issues are particularly prevalent under a regime involving lengthy time horizons for competent research, development, and commercialization, which may require regulatory approvals. These challenges are known to be endemic to capital-intensive technology development which requires significant follow-on funding, particularly in highly regulated industries such as life sciences (e.g., pharmaceuticals/biotechnology and electronic medical devices ) and clean technology (which may be subdivided into clean or renewable energy generation and clean or renewable energy efficiency technologies and services, the former having more direct …
Closing One Loophole And Opening Another: Why Section 271(F) Patent Infringement Should Apply To Method Patents After Cardiac Pacemakers, Michael Silhasek
Closing One Loophole And Opening Another: Why Section 271(F) Patent Infringement Should Apply To Method Patents After Cardiac Pacemakers, Michael Silhasek
San Diego Law Review
This Comment will address the applicability of § 271(f) to method patents compared with other patented inventions-machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter. Part II will briefly discuss the primary purpose of the infringement statute, which is to encourage inventive action by granting rights to a patent holder. Part III will discuss the history of § 271(f) and the section's applicability to process patents. The Federal Circuit questioned the section's applicability to method patents, then affirmed it, then questioned it again, and then, most recently, rejected it. Part IV will examine other foreign activity that could lead to domestic infringement. Part …
Korea's Patent Policy And Its Impact On Economic Development: A Model For Emerging Countries?, Jay A. Erstling, Ryan E. Strom
Korea's Patent Policy And Its Impact On Economic Development: A Model For Emerging Countries?, Jay A. Erstling, Ryan E. Strom
San Diego International Law Journal
The purpose of this paper will be to examine Korean patent policy as exemplified by its patent legislation and the activities of KIPO. Part II will take a brief look at the rationale underpinning Korea’s confidence in the power of the patent system to stimulate economic growth. Part III of the paper will look at the Korean Patent Act as an example of strong, comprehensive patent legislation that fully complies with international standards and responds well to the perceived needs of patent applicants. Part III will examine one of the highlights of Korean patent legislation, the Korean Invention Promotion Act, …
Copyright Or Trademark? Can One Boy Wizard Prevent Film Title Duplication?, Anna Phillips
Copyright Or Trademark? Can One Boy Wizard Prevent Film Title Duplication?, Anna Phillips
San Diego International Law Journal
This Comment will examine the various approaches that India, the United Kingdom, and the United States take in dealing with film title disputes. Second, this Comment will discuss a case brought by Warner Brothers regrding a Harry Potter film title dispute in India and how the outcome of the case affects title infringement issues... Finally, this Comment will discuss a possible loophole in current trademark regulations regarding film titles that will support the argument that countries should use both copyright and trademark law to minimize the release of film titles that are similar or identical to those already on the …
Here There Be Pirates: How China Is Meeting Its Ip Enforcement Obligations Under Trips, Kate Colpitts Hunter
Here There Be Pirates: How China Is Meeting Its Ip Enforcement Obligations Under Trips, Kate Colpitts Hunter
San Diego International Law Journal
This paper will examine whether China is meeting its obligations to protect IP rights under the TRIPS agreement, an international intellectual property trade agreement China acceded to upon joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Moreover, it will address whether China's increased IP protection in law equals increased protection in fact. Part II will describe China's legal structure, its TRIPS obligations upon joining the WTO, and China's IP laws. Part III will discuss China's enforcement of these IP laws from the perspective of developed nations and from China's own perspective. Part IV includes suggestions on how China can improve its enforcement …
Bollywood Is Coming! Copyright And Film Industry Issues Regarding International Film Co-Productions Involving India, Timm Neu
San Diego International Law Journal
These developments and mutual correlating interests underscore the rising trend in the number of international co-productions and cinematographic co-operations with India. Still, the practice of movie making in India differs in many ways from industry structures in the U.S. or Germany, which shall be analyzed as potential co-production partners. Contractual relations, industry regulations, involved parties, and the legal rules are so distinct, that a comparative view from a producer's perspective shall bring into light the frameworks and copyright issues of international film co-productions involving India.
Trips: With A Painful Birth, Uncertain Health, And A Host Of Issues In China, Where Lies Its Future, Allan Segal
Trips: With A Painful Birth, Uncertain Health, And A Host Of Issues In China, Where Lies Its Future, Allan Segal
San Diego International Law Journal
In recent decades, the United States and other western nations have used pragmatic and theoretical reasons to justify a strong, global intellectual property ("IP") regime. From a practical perspective, economically mature nations clearly have a direct, vested interest in preventing the piracy of patented goods and ensuring that their domestic agendas maximize financial protection for inventions or creations. Nevertheless, the supranational disregard of patent protection and IP piracy has a financial impact on numerous companies, as well as the taxpaying citizens, in developed countries. These disparate foundations for basic IP rights result in a haphazard theoretical grounding to the Agreement …
The Right Of Publicity: Recovering Stolen Identities Under International Law, Emily Grant
The Right Of Publicity: Recovering Stolen Identities Under International Law, Emily Grant
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article proceeds from the assumption that the claims just hypothesized ought to be universally recognized to entitle a celebrity to an action for infringement of his or her right of publicity. It surveys the possibilities for protection of the right of publicity under current international intellectual property law. First, it briefly describes the American right of publicity doctrine as well as the policy shortcomings of the American doctrine and points out the lack of explicit protection for the right in other countries. It next explores the foundations of the right of publicity through a triptych of doctrines - including …
Trademark Distinctiveness In A Multilingual Context: Harmonization Of The Treatment Of Marks In The European Union And The United States, Eric E. Bowman
Trademark Distinctiveness In A Multilingual Context: Harmonization Of The Treatment Of Marks In The European Union And The United States, Eric E. Bowman
San Diego International Law Journal
This Comment will examine the similarities and differences between the trademark protection laws with regard to the multi-cultural nature of the consuming public of the European Union and that of the United States, and then will recommend ways in which the laws can be harmonized to promote the congruent development and expansion of economic activities globally. This harmonization is necessary in light of the interplay between these schemes for protection of marks and the protection provided under the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, and the Madrid Protocol. The …
Cultivating The Genetic Commons: Imperfect Patent Protection And The Network Model Of Innovation, Jonathan M. Barnett
Cultivating The Genetic Commons: Imperfect Patent Protection And The Network Model Of Innovation, Jonathan M. Barnett
San Diego Law Review
This Article enters this debate and argues the following position. Assuming that antitrust authorities persist in certain strategies to impede patent consolidation, the recent introduction of patent rights for certain biotechnological innovations is likely to encourage private investment in the genetic commons and reduce (or, at least, not enhance) the accessibility costs that could stunt technological advance. To reach this conclusion, this Article shows that the two leading theories of patent protection, the "incentive" theory7 and the "prospect" theory,8 do not explain private industry's willingness to sink significant investment capital into highly uncertain biopharmaceutical projects. These theories offer insufficient explanations …
The Exemption From Patent Infringement And Declaratory Judgments: Misinterpretation Of Legislative Intent?, Amy Stark
San Diego Law Review
This Comment explores the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984. This statute was enacted to encourage expenditure in the areas of pharmaceutical and medical inventions, and to ensure greater competition in these fields at an earlier date after relevant patents expire. The author argues that courts' interpretations of this act may be preventing these original goals of Congress from being met. Several courts have based denial of declaratory judgments upon this statute. The author argues that if the statute is interpreted as requiring the denial of all declaratory judgment suits, the statute may actually discourage companies …
Use Restrictions And The Retention Of Property Interests In Chattels Through Intellectual Property Rights, Thomas Arno
Use Restrictions And The Retention Of Property Interests In Chattels Through Intellectual Property Rights, Thomas Arno
San Diego Law Review
Granting intellectual property rights promotes invention but also encourages wasteful expenditures to avoid monopoly prices. If patent or copyright owners are allowed to place some types of restrictions on the products they sell, these wasteful efforts can be avoided. This Comment discusses restrictions that have this effect and how intellectual property law might best create a doctrine enforcing them.