European Law Commons^™

The Analysis Of Market Dominance And Restrictive Practices Under German Antitrust Law In Light Of Ec Antitrust Law, Anca Daniela Chirita

Anca Daniela Chirita

This article analyses key features of the German Act Against Restraints of Competition (section 19), including the more severe provisions of section 20, and aims to discuss the economic freedom of competition approach to the abuse of a dominant market position. Furthermore, the article details with specific examples of abuse in cases heard by the Federal Cartel Office, with particular focus upon predatory pricing, cross-subsidisation, rebates, exclusive contracts, tying and bundling, refusal abuses, hindrance and abuse of economic dependence. Emphasis is placed upon differences in the implementation of antitrust law and upon answering the question of whether more severe rules …

No. 6 - 30th Anniversary Issue, Henry Kissinger, James Baker, Warren Christopher, Madeleine Albright, Colin Powell, Lee Hamilton, Daniel R. Fung, Diana Wallis

Occasional Papers Series

With this issue of the Occasional Papers, we celebrate the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Dean Rusk Center, which bears the name of the late School of Law faculty member who served as secretary of state under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 until 1969.

Our purpose in hosting the conference and lectures published in this volume was to provide a forum for developing the comprehensive new focus necessary to met the American foreign policy demands of the 21st century. In so doing, it is our intent that the advice and counsel of the …

Ec Incentive Arrangements For Sustainable Development And Good Governance (Gsp Plus) And Wto Law – Critical Analysis, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski

Lukasz A Gruszczynski

This article analyses the current general system of preferences of the EC in order to assess its conformity with the international obligations imposed by law of the World Trade Organization. The analysis is carried out in light of the recent WTO ruling, which found the old system of preferences incompatible with WTO law. In this context, the article argues that some aspects of the new system relating to special incentive arrangements for sustainable development and good governance may potentially conflict with the requirements of international trade law.

A Coordinated Withholding Tax On Deductibility Payments, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Articles

Prof. Avi-Yonah proposes a 35 percent withholding tax on deductible payments made to a non-U.S. resident, in coordination with other OECD members. The tax is aimed at U.S. residents posing as foreign investors and would be refundable when the beneficial owner shows that the payments have been reported to tax authorities in the owner’s country of residence.

The Eu Challenge To The Sec, Roberta S. Karmel

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Eu Challenge To The Sec, Roberta S. Karmel

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Mtic (Carousel) Fraud: Twelve Ways Forward; Two Ways 'Preferred' - Has The Technology-Based Administrative Solution Been Rejected?, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

In a May 31, 2006 Communication to the Council, the European Parliament, and the European Economic and Social Committee, the European Commission indicated a need to develop a co-ordinated strategy to improve the fight against fiscal fraud [COM(2006) 254 final]. Although the Communication considers fiscal fraud broadly (VAT, excise duties and direct taxes) the most pressing need seems to be for a VAT strategy that will effectively deal with MTIC (Missing Trader Intra-Community) or carousel fraud. To this end the Commission hosted a conference: Fiscal Fraud - Tackling VAT Fraud: Possible Ways Forward. The March 29, 2007 conference was constructed …

The E.U. Leniency Program And U.S. Civil Discovery Rules: A Fraternal Fight?, Roberto Grasso

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note provides a European perspective on the issues raised by In re Rubber Chemicals Antitrust Litigation (Rubber Chemicals), and expresses concern regarding the inconsistent approach taken by U.S. courts to the discoverability of the Leniency submissions. This Note also warns that this inconsistency may have a chilling effect on participation in the E.U. Leniency Program and may thus impede enforcement of European anti-cartel law.

Critical Acts Of Recognition: Reading Law Rhetorically, Sarah Burgess

Studio for Law and Culture

On July 11, 2002, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) set the scene for a significant shift in the way the United Kingdom legally defines sex and the status of transsexual and transgender people (trans people) within British society. The ECHR, in Christine Goodwin v. The United Kingdom, found that British laws defining sex according to a set of biological criteria applied at birth prevented trans people from enjoying the full spectrum of rights guaranteed by the European Convention of Human Rights. Barring individuals from changing their sex for legal purposes on official documents, such as birth certificates …

Divorcing Family Law From The Nation, Philomila Tsoukala

Studio for Law and Culture

This paper examines the contribution of law and legal narrative in the generation of national identities, using modern Greece as a case study. It explores how claims of family law continuity and unity in nineteenth century Greece became the main mode of arguing for the existence of a Greek people, culturally distinct from their Ottoman oppressors. I argue that far from embodying any truth about Greek family law, these legal historical narratives constituted a reconceptualization of social relations on the national basis giving content to the relatively new concept of the “Greek people”. These narratives also made possible and reflected …

The Future Of Article 82: Dissecting The Conflict, David J. Gerber

All Faculty Scholarship

Underlying the recurring debates over the future of Article 82 EC are competing images of what its goals are and should be. Such debates about the interpretation and application of Article 82 are not new, and they are also not likely to end, because the legal concept of “abuse” is sufficiently abstract and capacious to allow multiple conceptions of its goals. Where goals become contested and controversial, however, debates can lead to confusion and uncertainty rather than progress in thinking about the issues, and this threatens to occur in the context of discussions of Article 82 and its future. Clashing …

Two Forms Of Modernization In European Competition Law (Symposium), David J. Gerber

All Faculty Scholarship

In European competition law, the term "modernization" has been a catchword and focus of attention since the late 1990s. Usually, the reference is to "procedural" or "institutional" modernization. The European Commission used the term "modernization" in referring to the important set of changes in the institutional structure and procedures of competition law that it introduced in 2004, and it has fundamentally changed important procedures for developing and applying competition law in Europe. During the same period in which this form of modernization was proceeding, another form of "modernization" was also taking shape that represents a fundamental reorientation of much of …

The Irish Challenge To The Data Retention Directive, Elaine Fahey

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

Technical Capacity, Policymaking And Food Standards: An Overview Of Indian Experience, Nupur Chowdhury, Sanjay Kumar

Nupur Chowdhury

The SPS Agreement in the WTO gives legal validity to the CODEX standards. Since the developed countries have been at the forefront of setting the food standards in the CODEX, the developing countries have been increasingly engaged in the CODEX, and also in the WTO, with an objective to increase their exports of the agricultural and food products. But such objective and desire have often been stymied by the lack of institutions which can sustain the intense technical negotiations at the CODEX. If these participations are not qualitatively satisfactory, the very objective of such participations is not fulfilled. But since …

The Abuse Of Dominant Market Position Under Romanian Antitrust Law In Light Of European Antitrust Law, Anca Daniela Chirita

Anca Daniela Chirita

This article discusses the decisions by the Romanian Competition Council on abuse of a dominance position and offers an analysis and criticism of the Romanian competition rules.

Comparative Cause And Effect: Consumer Insolvency And The Eroding Social Safety Net, 14 Colum. J. Eur. L. 563 (2008), Jason Kilborn

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

This paper explores the connection between social welfare reform and the adoption of consumer debt relief law in Europe. Health care expenses and unemployment are significant contributors to overindebtedness in Europe, and outside the primary sources, one finds suggestions to the effect that the unraveling social safety net was a major contributing factor in the adoption of consumer debt relief laws in Europe in the 1990s. This paper critically analyzes this notion by tracking the recent scaling back of social assistance programs in Sweden, Germany, and France, and comparing that movement with the adoption of consumer insolvency regimes in those …

The Bologna Process And Its Impact In Europe: It's So Much More Than Degree Changes, Laurel S. Terry

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The Bologna Process is a massive, multi-year project designed to create the "European Higher Education Area" by the year 2010. It began ten years ago, when four European Union(EU) countries signed a relatively vague declaration. It has grown to include forty-six countries, including all of the EU Member States and nineteen non-EU countries. The Bologna Process countries have agreed on ten "action lines" for restructuring European higher education. These action lines are nothing short of revolutionary--they address everything from a three-cycle degree system (e.g., bachelor-master's-doctorate degrees), European-wide quality assurance efforts, mobility of higher education students and staff, "recognition" in one …

European Class Actions, Michelle Parsons

South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business

No abstract provided.

Trans-Atlantic Ghost Busting: The Failed Attempt To Dispose Of The Chesapeake "Ghost Fleet" In The United Kingdom, David Killion

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Primer For U.S. Lawyers On European Union Government And Law, Charles H. Koch Jr.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Vladimir Putin And The Rule Of Law In Russia, Jeffrey D. Kahn

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

During his two terms as President of Russia, did Vladimir Putin further the net development of a legal culture in Russia? This article is based on public lectures given in late 2007 and early 2008 at Oxford University, the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), and the Kennan Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

This article examines three "windows" into the development of Russia's legal culture under Vladimir Putin: (1) the Second Chechen War; (2) Russian membership in the Council of Europe; and, (3) renewed efforts under Putin at codification of law, as evidenced by the creation …

Implied Powers Beyond Functional Integration? The Flexibility Clause In The Revised Eu Treaties, Carl Lebeck

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Learning From Difference: The New Architecture Of Experimentalist Governance In The Eu, Charles F. Sabel, Jonathan Zeitlin

Faculty Scholarship

This article argues that current widespread characterisations of EU governance as multi-level and networked overlook the emergent architecture of the EU's public rule making. In this architecture, framework goals (such as full employment, social inclusion, good water status, a unified energy grid) and measures for gauging their achievement are established by joint action of the Member States and EU institutions. Lower-level units (such as national ministries or regulatory authorities and the actors with whom they collaborate) are given the freedom to advance these ends as they see fit. But in return for this autonomy, they must report regularly on their …

Are Eu Trade Sanctions On Burma Compatible With Wto Law?, Robert L. Howse, Jared M. Genser

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article will explore the European Union's approach to Burma. The European Union, until recently, has implemented quite limited trade sanctions against the Burmese junta. According to the most recent figures, E.U. countries still import €306 million ($454 million) of commodities and products, ninety-five percent of which are textiles, timber, gems, and precious metals. However, the Common Position of November 19, 2007, strengthens considerably E.U. measures against the Burmese regime and contains a ban on the importation of these goods from Burma. Further, the Common Position requires E.U. countries to prohibit intentional and knowing "participation" in activities that "directly or …

Public Law As The Law Of The Res Publica, Elisabeth Zoller

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

European And American Issues In Employee Benefits Law Compared, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1189 (2008), Yves Stevens

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Commentary: More Open Issues Regarding The Consolidated Corporate Tax Base In The European Union, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, Kimberly A. Clausing

Articles

It is an honor to comment on the article by Jack Mintz and Joann Weiner.' Both of the authors have a deeply knowledgeable background in this area. The paper that Jack Mintz published (with Michael Smart) in 2004 on provincial taxation in Canada is one of the most careful and interesting papers in all of international taxation.2 And Joann Weiner has clearly been studying formulary apportionment for a very long time, from both U.S. and European perspectives.

Reason Giving In Court Practice: Decision-Makers At The Crossroads, Mathilde Cohen

Mathilde Cohen

According to liberal democratic theory, public institutions’ practice—and sometimes duty—to give reasons is required so that each individual may view the state as reasonable and, therefore, legitimate. Does the giving of reasons in actual court practice achieve these goals? Drawing on empirical research carried out in a French court, this Article shows that, in practice, reason-giving often falls either short of democracy or beyond democracy. Reasons fall short of democracy in the first case because they are transformed from a device designed to “protect” citizens from arbitrariness into a professional norm intended to “protect” the judges themselves and perhaps further …

The Attorney-Client Privilege In The European Union And Italy: Time For A Change, Antonio Lordi

antonio lordi

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Plan For The Doctoral Thesis: The Role And Function Of Law As The Promoter Of The Sustainable Use Of Bio-Fuels In The Transport Sector, Evgenia Pavlovskaia

Evgenia Pavlovskaia

The paper contains the preliminary plan of the doctoral thesis made in 2008. It explains that the purpose of the project is to analyze the use of the law as a means to implement the sustainable policy on bio-fuels. The author will investigate and evaluate in what respect legal systems promote respectively restrain trade, production and use of bio-fuels in the transport sector, and how they balance the bio-fuel objective against other objectives important for the sustainable development (such as food production and biodiversity). The author will also identify efficient and less efficient legal constructions and discuss possibly successful legal …