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Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law
How To Get Away With Discrimination: The Use Of Algorithms To Discriminate In The Internet Entertainment Industry, Sumra Wahid
How To Get Away With Discrimination: The Use Of Algorithms To Discriminate In The Internet Entertainment Industry, Sumra Wahid
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
In July 2021, Ziggi Tyler posted a video on TikTok, a popular video sharing platform, where he expressed his frustration with being a Black content creator on TikTok. The video showed Ziggi typing phrases such as “Black Lives Matter” or “Black success” into his Marketplace creator bio, which the app would immediately flag as inappropriate content. However, when Ziggi replaced those words with “white supremacy” or “white success,” no inappropriateness warning appeared. Although a TikTok spokesperson responded to the video clarifying that the app had mistakenly flagged phrases without considering word order, Ziggi refused to let an algorithm absolve TikTok …
Title Ix Administers A Booster Shot: The Effect Of Private Donations On Title Ix, Charlotte Franklin
Title Ix Administers A Booster Shot: The Effect Of Private Donations On Title Ix, Charlotte Franklin
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities. Since its enactment, Title IX has dramatically increased interscholastic and intercollegiate athletic opportunities for women and girls. Despite indisputable progress since Title IX’s enactment, particularly for female athletes, many high schools and universities still fail to offer equal athletic opportunities for members of both sexes. Inadequate educational resources for high school and university athletic department administrators leads to a misunderstanding of Title IX’s requirements. This misunderstanding results in institutional misconduct and non-compliance with Title IX. In …
The Gender Pay Gap, In Relation To Professional Sports, Bryan Ramdat
The Gender Pay Gap, In Relation To Professional Sports, Bryan Ramdat
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Sex Is Not A Three-Letter Word: The Effect Of Manipulating The Definition Of "Sex" On The Future Of Transgender Athletes, Emily Grubman
Sex Is Not A Three-Letter Word: The Effect Of Manipulating The Definition Of "Sex" On The Future Of Transgender Athletes, Emily Grubman
Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review
Title IX makes it unlawful for educational institutions receiving federal funding to discriminate “on the basis of sex.” But in the context of high school and college athletics, and specific to transgender athletes, what should the meaning of “sex” be? The Obama administration believed that “on the basis of sex” in Title IX includes “gender” in the meaning of “sex.” However, the Trump administration has proposed revoking that understanding, limiting the term “sex” to mean male or female, defined at birth. In the com- ing year, the Supreme Court may decide in R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes, Inc. v. …
Esports And Its Reinforcement Of Gender Divides, Kruthika N. S.
Esports And Its Reinforcement Of Gender Divides, Kruthika N. S.
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
2019 Annual Survey: Recent Developments In Sports Law, Audrey Johnson
2019 Annual Survey: Recent Developments In Sports Law, Audrey Johnson
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
Undressing The Locker Room Issue: Applying Title Ix To The Legal Battle Over Locker Room Equality For Transgender Student-Athletes, Meghan M. Pirics
Undressing The Locker Room Issue: Applying Title Ix To The Legal Battle Over Locker Room Equality For Transgender Student-Athletes, Meghan M. Pirics
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
Uniform Rules: Addressing The Disparate Rules That Deny Student-Athletes The Opportunity To Participate In Sports According To Gender Identity, Chelsea Shrader
Uniform Rules: Addressing The Disparate Rules That Deny Student-Athletes The Opportunity To Participate In Sports According To Gender Identity, Chelsea Shrader
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Strategic Legal Challenge To The Unforeseen Anticompetitive And Racially Discriminatory Effects Of Baseball’S North American Draft, Stephen Ross, Michael James
A Strategic Legal Challenge To The Unforeseen Anticompetitive And Racially Discriminatory Effects Of Baseball’S North American Draft, Stephen Ross, Michael James
Stephen F Ross
Major League Baseball (MLB) has honored a single player by retiring his number for every club. Absent special commemorations, no player will wear the number “42” in honor of the man who broke the color barrier to become the first African American to play major league baseball in the modern era: Jackie Robinson. MLB has also honored a single player—chosen from nominees from each individual club—by presenting an annual award for humanitarian service in his name; that honoree is Roberto Clemente. However, the sad reality is that if a fifteen-year-old Jackie Robinson were growing up today in South Pasadena, California, …
The Ncaa's Transgender Student-Athlete Policy: How Attempting To Be More Inclusive Has Led To Gender And Gender Identity Discrimination, Elliot S. Rozenberg
The Ncaa's Transgender Student-Athlete Policy: How Attempting To Be More Inclusive Has Led To Gender And Gender Identity Discrimination, Elliot S. Rozenberg
Elliot S Rozenberg
No abstract provided.
A Strategic Legal Challenge To The Unforeseen Anticompetitive And Racially Discriminatory Effects Of Baseball’S North American Draft, Stephen F. Ross, Michael James Jr.
A Strategic Legal Challenge To The Unforeseen Anticompetitive And Racially Discriminatory Effects Of Baseball’S North American Draft, Stephen F. Ross, Michael James Jr.
Journal Articles
Major League Baseball (MLB) has honored a single player by retiring his number for every club. Absent special commemorations, no player will wear the number “42” in honor of the man who broke the color barrier to become the first African American to play major league baseball in the modern era: Jackie Robinson. MLB has also honored a single player—chosen from nominees from each individual club—by presenting an annual award for humanitarian service in his name; that honoree is Roberto Clemente. However, the sad reality is that if a fifteen-year-old Jackie Robinson were growing up today in South Pasadena, California, …
Discrimination Inward And Upward: Lessons On Law And Social Inequality From The Troubling Case Of Women Coaches, Deborah L. Brake
Discrimination Inward And Upward: Lessons On Law And Social Inequality From The Troubling Case Of Women Coaches, Deborah L. Brake
Articles
In the Title IX success story, women’s opportunities in coaching jobs have not kept pace with the striking gains made by female athletes. Women’s share of jobs coaching female athletes has declined substantially in the years since the law was enacted, moving from more than 90% to below 43% today. As a case study, the situation of women coaches contains important lessons about the ability of discrimination law to promote social equality. This article highlights one feature of bias against women coaches — gender bias by female athletes — as a counter-paradigm that presents a challenge to the dominant frame …
How The Expressive Power Of Title Ix Dilutes Its Promise, Dionne L. Koller
How The Expressive Power Of Title Ix Dilutes Its Promise, Dionne L. Koller
All Faculty Scholarship
Title IX is widely credited with shaping new norms for the world of sports by requiring educational institutions to provide equal athletic opportunities to women. The statute and regulations send a message that women are entitled to participate in sports on terms equal to men. For several decades, this message of equality produced dramatic results in participation rates, as the number of women interested in athletics grew substantially. Despite these gains, however, many women and girls, especially those of color and lower socio-economic status, still do not participate in sports, or remain interested in participating, in numbers comparable to their …
The Twelve-Year-Old Girl's Lawsuit That Changed America: The Continuing Impact Of Now V. Little League Baseball, Inc. At 40, Douglas E. Abrams
The Twelve-Year-Old Girl's Lawsuit That Changed America: The Continuing Impact Of Now V. Little League Baseball, Inc. At 40, Douglas E. Abrams
Faculty Publications
In 1972, Little League's national office forced 12-year-old Maria Pepe off her Hoboken (N.J.) team because "[g]irls are not eligible." The New Jersey Division on Civil Rights sustained her gender discrimination claim in 1973, and the courts upheld the administrative decision a year later.
National reaction to Maria Pepe's courageous insistence on gender equity helped sustain the evolution in gender roles that had accelerated since the Women's Movement of the 1960s. Her landmark legal action also likely influenced the Supreme Court's gradual movement toward intermediate scrutiny of gender discrimination claims; the 1975 federal regulations that assured Title IX of the …
Wisconsin Legislature Employs Halftime Adjustment: How Wisconsin's "New" Indian Mascot Law Changes The Outlook For Future Challenges To The Use Of Discriminatory Nicknames, Mascots, And Logos In Wisconsin Schools, Jeremy Daniel Heacox
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
Ncaa Transgender Student-Athlete 'Policy': Analysis, Shawn Crincoli
Ncaa Transgender Student-Athlete 'Policy': Analysis, Shawn Crincoli
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
The Iaaf Hyperandrogenism Regulations And Discrimination, Shawn Crincoli
The Iaaf Hyperandrogenism Regulations And Discrimination, Shawn Crincoli
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Not Just One Of The Boys: A Post-Feminist Critique Of Title Ix's Vision For Gender Equity In Sports, Dionne L. Koller
Not Just One Of The Boys: A Post-Feminist Critique Of Title Ix's Vision For Gender Equity In Sports, Dionne L. Koller
All Faculty Scholarship
Title IX as applied to athletics is a high-profile, controversial public policy effort that has opened up the world of athletics to millions of girls and women. Yet as it is both celebrated for the opportunities it has created for women, and decried as going too far at the expense of men, a reality persists that women do not pursue or remain committed to sport in numbers comparable to men. This Article seeks to explore this phenomenon by moving the discourse beyond the debate over whether women are inherently as "interested" in sport as men to examine the conception of …
European Football's Home-Grown Players Rules And Nationality Discrimination Under The European Community Treaty, Lloyd Freeburn
European Football's Home-Grown Players Rules And Nationality Discrimination Under The European Community Treaty, Lloyd Freeburn
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Heart Of The Game: Putting Race And Educational Equity At The Center Of Title Ix, Deborah L. Brake, Verna L. Williams
The Heart Of The Game: Putting Race And Educational Equity At The Center Of Title Ix, Deborah L. Brake, Verna L. Williams
Articles
This article examines how race and educational equity issues shape women's sports experiences, building upon the narrative of Darnellia Russell, a high school basketball player profiled in the documentary The Heart of the Game. Darnellia is a star player who, because of an unintended pregnancy, has to fight to play the game she loves.
This girl's story provides a unique and underutilized lens through which to examine gender and athletics, as well as evaluate the legal framework for gender equality in sport. In focusing on this narrative, we seek to give voice to black female athletes and to express their …
Friday Night Lite: How De-Racialization In The Motion Picture Friday Night Lights Disserves The Movement To Eradicate Racial Discrimination From American Sport, N. Jeremi Duru
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
Educational Athletic Employment And Civil Rights: Examining Discrimination Based On Disability, Age, And Race, Diane Heckman
Educational Athletic Employment And Civil Rights: Examining Discrimination Based On Disability, Age, And Race, Diane Heckman
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
"No Drinking, No Drugs, No Lesbians": Sexual Orientation Discrimination In Intercollegiate Athletics, Barbara Osborne
"No Drinking, No Drugs, No Lesbians": Sexual Orientation Discrimination In Intercollegiate Athletics, Barbara Osborne
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fielding A Team For The Fans: The Societal Consequences And Title Vii Implications Of Race-Considered Roster Construction In Professional Sport, N. Jeremi Duru
Fielding A Team For The Fans: The Societal Consequences And Title Vii Implications Of Race-Considered Roster Construction In Professional Sport, N. Jeremi Duru
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Professional sports organizations' relationships with their players are, like other employer-employee relationships, subject to scrutiny under the antidiscrimination mandates embedded in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Professional sports organizations are, however, unique among employers in many respects. Most notably, unlike other employers, professional sports organizations attract avid supporters who identify deeply with the teams and their players. To the extent an organization racially discriminates, therefore, such discrimination creates the risk that fans will identify with the homogenous or racially disproportionate roster that results. The consequences of such race-based team identification are wide-reaching and potentially tragic. Through …
Playing The Game Of Academic Integrity Vs. Athletic Success: The Americans With Disabilities Act (Ada) And Intercollegiate Student-Athletes With Learning Disabilities , Yuri Nicholas Walker
Playing The Game Of Academic Integrity Vs. Athletic Success: The Americans With Disabilities Act (Ada) And Intercollegiate Student-Athletes With Learning Disabilities , Yuri Nicholas Walker
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Title Ix Whistle-Blowing Is Protected, Adam Epstein
Title Ix Whistle-Blowing Is Protected, Adam Epstein
Adam Epstein
Discussion of the valiant efforts of high school basketball coach Roderick Jackson (Birmingham, Alabama) and his complaint over inferior facilities for his girls basketball team. His claim went all the way to the United States Supreme Court.
Panel Ii: Thirty Years Of Title Ix, Linda Wharton, Lawrence Joseph, Donna Lopiano, Alison Marshall
Panel Ii: Thirty Years Of Title Ix, Linda Wharton, Lawrence Joseph, Donna Lopiano, Alison Marshall
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Reflections On Augusta: Judicial, Legislative And Economic Approaches To Private Race And Gender Consciousness, Scott R. Rosner
Reflections On Augusta: Judicial, Legislative And Economic Approaches To Private Race And Gender Consciousness, Scott R. Rosner
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In light of the recent controversy surrounding Augusta National Golf Club's exclusionary membership policy, this Article highlights the myriad incentives and disincentives that Augusta and similar clubs have for reforming such policies. The author acknowledges the economic importance of club membership in many business communities and addresses the extent to which club members' claims of rights of privacy and free association are valid. The Article also considers the potential of judicial action in promoting the adoption of more inclusive membership policy; the state action doctrine and the First Amendment right to freedom of association are discussed as frameworks under which …
The Americans With Disabilities Act And The Aging Athlete After Casey Martin, Alison Barnes
The Americans With Disabilities Act And The Aging Athlete After Casey Martin, Alison Barnes
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Gender And Intercollegiate Athletics: Data And Myths, Julia Lamber
Gender And Intercollegiate Athletics: Data And Myths, Julia Lamber
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article explores what nondiscrimination means in the context of intercollegiate athletics. After reviewing the Department of Education's controversial Title IX Policy Interpretation, it critically examines the analytical framework used in Title IX athletic cases and concludes that commonly made analogies to litigation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act are inapt. A major part of the Article is an empirical study, looking first at gender equity plans written by institutions of higher education for the National Collegiate Athletic Association and then at data collected from more than 325 institutions pursuant to the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act. …